{"title":"Design of a Self-Optimized Electronic Management for Autonomous Electric Vehicles with Fuel Cells as Range Extenders using the Intelligent Guidance Platform doplar","authors":"Sören Scherler, Marian Goellner, X. Liu-Henke","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242940","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the design of a self-optimizing, predictive electronic vehicle management (pEVM) for autonomous electric vehicles with fuel cell as range extender is presented. The goal is the time and energy-optimized vehicle operation by the pEVM, which focuses on optimization potentials in route guidance, trajectory planning and energy management. In order to use these optimization potentials, the domain-specific configurable, modular platform for route guidance and trajectory planning of intelligent vehicles (doplar) and the predictive electric energy management system (pEEM) are presented as important components of pEVM.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127361148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Design Parameters on Output Torque of Novel Doubly-Fed Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines","authors":"Jiabei Zhu, Lijian Wu, Hui Wen","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242971","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the influence of design parameters on output torque of novel doubly-fed flux-switching permanent magnet (DF-FSPM) machines, including the stator to rotor copper loss ratio, split ratio, magnet arc, stator tooth arc, stator yoke thickness, rotor tooth arc and rotor yoke thickness. Four DF-FSPM machines with different stator pole/rotor tooth number combinations and a 12-stator-pole/10-rotor-tooth FSPM machine are analysed and compared. The key parameters of the machines are sequentially optimized to maximize the output torque. It shows that due to the addition of rotor armature winding, the optimal split ratio, stator tooth arc to stator pole pitch ratio and rotor yoke thickness to rotor tooth arc ratio of DF-FSPM machines are prominently different from those of the FSPM machine. The output torque of the optimized DF-FSPM machine is about 46.5% greater than that of the conventional FSPM machine. Finally, the finite-element analyses are validated on a prototype machine.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115893772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ceccon, M. Longo, Renato Mazzoncini, Alfredo Panarese
{"title":"Analysis of the Implementation of Full Electric and Hydrogen Hybrid Buses in Two Lines of the City of Milan","authors":"S. Ceccon, M. Longo, Renato Mazzoncini, Alfredo Panarese","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243074","url":null,"abstract":"Following the trend in the mobility sector, in this paper the replacement of traditional diesel buses in two lines of the city of Milan with full-electric and hydrogenelectric buses is analysed. The results are obtained comparing the application of the different traction technologies in the lines through a software-based analysis (Matlab®), considering as a fixed parameter the quality of service. For Electric buses different solutions are studied by variating both vehicles and chargers’ specifications, taking into consideration the consequences of battery degradation over years.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128722358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Bierwirth, J. Froeschl, J. Gebert, H. Herzog
{"title":"Determining Vehicle Energy Paths’ Remaining Useful Life using Design of Experiments","authors":"Florian Bierwirth, J. Froeschl, J. Gebert, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243136","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a new approach to determine the remaining useful life for vehicle energy paths using design of experiments. In the context of semi- and highly-autonomous driving, the integration requirements, according to ISO 26262, will increase further. Energy paths are either designed to be robust or redundant to ensure the availability of safety-relevant functions. The diagnosis and prognosis of those energy paths offer a cost- and space-efficient alternative. To enable a diagnosis, it is of particular importance to monitor the degradation phenomena along supply paths that provoke failures. A prerequisite for this implementation is the timely reaction to the \"worst-case\" degradation process. Due to the requirement for a detachable connection, degradation phenomena occur, particularly on connectors. By using the presented approach, a connector’s potential influences and mechanisms are simulated in a laboratory environment. By varying the various influences according to the design of experiments procedure, the fastest possible system failure is identified. This \"worst-case\" scenario corresponds to the remaining useful life to be guaranteed by a predictive diagnosis. With this step, the reliable diagnosis of vehicle energy paths can be promoted as an alternative or complementary safety concept in the future.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128316901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the Accuracy of a Magnetic Field-Based Positioning System Including the Environment of a Parking Vehicle","authors":"Oscar J. M. Scholle, E. Lomonova, N. H. Vrijsen","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243121","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a comparative study is conducted to analyze the accuracy of a magnetic field-based positioning system, for the position estimation of a vehicle relative to a charging device. The effect on position estimation accuracy of metallic structures on both the vehicle side and charging device’s side after the addition of steel floor reinforcements is studied. The best suited modelling tool is found to be Method of Moments after experimentally verifying the tool and comparing it on computational effort and accuracy to the Finite Element Method. It is found that a configuration with a metallic bottom plate including raised edges is the least influenced on the position estimation accuracy due to the steel floor reinforcements, independent on the transmitter location. Moreover, for the researched configurations a system with the transmitter located in the vehicle achieves a higher position estimation accuracy compared to a system with the transmitter in the charging device.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130234405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Battery System Design applied on IMAB-Racer Research EV","authors":"N. Langmaack, T. Schobre, Q. Maurus, M. Henke","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242962","url":null,"abstract":"In the institute’s long-term vehicle project called \"IMAB-Racer\" two different battery systems are designed, built and evaluated. The electrical, topological and thermal battery system design and the main improvements in the progressing development are summarized in this paper.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130639091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rauf, M. A. Monem, Thomas Geury, M. Baghdadi, O. Hegazy
{"title":"Fast Active Balancing System using Multi-level DC Converter for Efficient AC-coupled Battery Systems in Stationary Applications","authors":"A. Rauf, M. A. Monem, Thomas Geury, M. Baghdadi, O. Hegazy","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243137","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a cascaded half-bridge multilevel converter (MLC) topology for stationary battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Commonly, many low-voltage battery modules are connected in series to create the DC-link of the inverter. Due to difference in electrochemical characteristics, voltage imbalance happens among different modules during the charge-discharge operation, which negatively affects the lifetime of the battery pack. The proposed cascaded topology allows achieving fast balancing among individual modules. The switching-in and out of each module is done by a half-bridge converter whose output is cascaded with other half bridge converters to form a staircase DC-link voltage. A four-switch H-bridge converter finally alternates this DC bus into multilevel AC voltage. The topology features less harmonics, lower voltage variations, filter-less off grid operation and a reduced size for the interfacing filter inductor with the grid. A hierarchical control strategy is developed to achieve the voltage imbalance mitigation and bidirectional power exchange with the grid. The viability of the proposed converter and effectiveness of the module balancing control are confirmed by numerical simulations and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132473706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauricio Espinoza, F. Donoso, M. Díaz, Matías Urrutia, R. Cárdenas-Dobson
{"title":"A Novel Control System for Medium-Voltage Hexverter-Based Drives","authors":"Mauricio Espinoza, F. Donoso, M. Díaz, Matías Urrutia, R. Cárdenas-Dobson","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243027","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel control system for the Hexverter-based drive is proposed and analysed. Unlike previously proposed control schemes, the proposed one does not require the information of the machine variables to regulate the converter floating capacitors, as required in high-performance drive applications. The feasibility of the proposed control system is demonstrated by using simulation results of an Hexverter-based drive driving a medium-voltage machine, including the whole frequency range and high starting torque loads.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132564949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability Analysis and Nonlinear Control of Phase Locked Loop of a Weak-grid Connected Voltage Source Converter","authors":"Milad Zarif Mansour, Sajjad Hadavi, B. Bahrani","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243004","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) connected to weak grids may face difficulties in synchronization leading to their instability. As the heart of the system, Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is responsible for synchronism of VSCs. In this paper, using the nonlinear state space model of the system composed of the grid and the PLL, stability and domain of attraction of the equilibrium point of the system is investigated. Afterwards, using Lyapunov theorem, a nonlinear controller that extends the domain of attraction of the equilibrium point is designed. Using phase portraits, the stability of the system with and without the designed controller while the VSC is connected to a very weak grid is evaluated. The results confirm that the system with the proposed controller remains stable, whereas the conventional system cannot maintain stability. Additionally, the domain of attraction of the compensated system is calculated. Finally, the results from phase portraits are validated by simulating the grid-connected VSC.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133018135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time modelling of a two-unit baseline air conditioning system for a generic bus subjected to different levels of occupancy","authors":"E. Afrasiabian, R. Douglas, R. Best","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243013","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic model was adopted to analyze the impact of the occupancy level in a generic bus on the air conditioning (AC) performance, under different control strategies. The dynamic model was built up by coupling two sub-models of an AC system and the cabin, using MATLAB and Simscape toolbox (R2019a). The AC system has two units, which are controlled independently and based on a Vapour Compression Cycle (VCC). The cabin is modelled by means of moisture air networks, exchanging heat with the refrigerant through the evaporator/condenser of the AC units. Five different strategies were investigated for a range of occupancy levels from 5 to 70 people on board. Results show the links between the occupancy level, power, and discomfort level with the implemented control strategies. As the results suggest, adopting a multi-unit AC system would be more advantageous than using a single unit in terms of the discomfort level and power requirement.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133189979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}