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State of Charge Degradation of AGM Starter Batteries in Automotive Power Nets 汽车电网中AGM起动电池的充电退化状态
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242997
Stefan Schwimmbeck, M. Baumann, H. Herzog
{"title":"State of Charge Degradation of AGM Starter Batteries in Automotive Power Nets","authors":"Stefan Schwimmbeck, M. Baumann, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242997","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to explore the changes of state of charge (SoC) distributions, due to the aging of batteries in vehicle fleets. For this purpose, the state of charge distribution of a new vehicle is modified in order to represent a vehicle with a sulfated battery. This new distribution is then combined with the probability distribution of the level of sulfation to create the SoC distribution of the aged fleet. The resulting SoC distributions for aged fleets match the corresponding measured distributions.To model the probability of the sulfation level in the battery, the paper analyzes 171 batteries and presents Weibull distributions to describe the probability for this aging behavior. These distributions exhibit a high accuracy within 4 different time ranges and their parameters have a linear time dependent behavior.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130835231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Study and simulation of an electric scooter based on a dynamic modelling approach 基于动态建模方法的电动滑板车研究与仿真
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242930
I. Jorge, T. Mesbahi, Theophile Paul, A. Samet
{"title":"Study and simulation of an electric scooter based on a dynamic modelling approach","authors":"I. Jorge, T. Mesbahi, Theophile Paul, A. Samet","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242930","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the complete modelling and simulation of an electric scooter. The MATLAB model is based on mechanical equations and a built-in model for the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is used as a power source. Different normalized driving cycles were used as input in order to create simulations that are close to real driving conditions and that give exploitable results in comparison to previous work. The obtained results are used to study the driving range of the scooter and the performances of the power supply. The observed battery current was also used to create test cycles for our battery test bench.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131163542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Influence Of The Water Layer On The Performance of A Raindrop Harvester 水层对雨滴收割机性能的影响
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243043
A. Doria, G. Fanti, S. Javanshir, F. Moro
{"title":"Influence Of The Water Layer On The Performance of A Raindrop Harvester","authors":"A. Doria, G. Fanti, S. Javanshir, F. Moro","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243043","url":null,"abstract":"In a piezoelectric raindrop harvester equipped with spoon the thickness of the water layer modifies the impact dynamics and has an important effect on the performance. To analyze this phenomenon, series of experimental tests carried out in the laboratory with different values of water layer depth are presented and discussed. Results show that the increase in the water depth decreases the resonance frequency. The generated voltage increases with water depth until it reaches an optimum value. Further increases are not beneficial, since large spills take place. Both open circuit voltage and on load voltage are considered.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131008679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Critical barriers precluding the electrification of road public transport in Southern Switzerland 阻碍瑞士南部道路公共交通电气化的关键障碍
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242949
José Veiga Simão, F. Cellina, R. Rudel
{"title":"Critical barriers precluding the electrification of road public transport in Southern Switzerland","authors":"José Veiga Simão, F. Cellina, R. Rudel","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242949","url":null,"abstract":"Following the growing trend for electric passenger cars, due to their lower environmental and climate impacts, a trend towards the electrification of public transport is emerging, particularly regarding urban buses. However, the reliability of the service offered by electric alternatives to diesel-powered buses and the costs of the related transition have not been fully explored. In this background, we simulated the transition to electric bus powertrains for two bus lines in Locarno (Southern Switzerland) and compared the currently available electric technologies and charging schemes, based on their level of operation and their overall cost. According to these simulations, \"opportunity charging\" schemes emerged as the most promising ones for such urban lines in Locarno. Nonetheless, in the short-term their introduction is still hindered by barriers, such as in particular: the lack of capability to guarantee the service in case of delays above three minutes, the higher cost (between 40% and 60% higher than Euro VI diesel buses, which is also hampered by cashback on diesel custom duties), the need for proper training by the transport company staff, and the time needed to install the charging stations.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114466170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Electric Traction Motor Recycling – Modelling and Assessment of Recycling Potentials 电动牵引马达回收。回收潜力的建模与评估
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242951
Philipp Leitner, Thomas R. B. Grandjean
{"title":"Electric Traction Motor Recycling – Modelling and Assessment of Recycling Potentials","authors":"Philipp Leitner, Thomas R. B. Grandjean","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242951","url":null,"abstract":"The electrification of consumer cars is one of the most disruptive trends in the history of the automotive industry. Every year, electric motor vehicles will reach the end of their useful life, creating tonnes of waste. As electric vehicle adoption continues to grow worldwide, it is increasingly important to consider the vehicle’s end-of-life in order to meet the societal demand for more sustainable economic growth. Despite existing literature highlighting the commercial potential of recycling traction motors, especially NdFeB magnets due to the material’s rarity and high value, traction motor recycling remains in its infancy. In order to address this crucial gap in the literature, an overview for recommended recycling routes was developed taking various stakeholder perspectives into account - under the premise that the preferred recycling route changes with different targeted customer segments and overall business goals. From this set of recommendations, it was evaluated whether a direct re-processing route can be a commercially feasible. A recycling model was developed to simulate different scenarios within the timeframe of 2019 - 2030. Multiple scenarios are identified that point to a profitable recycling operation located either in the EU or UK. The EU offers a significantly higher market attractiveness regarding overall revenue potential, cost-reducing opportunities and profitability. It is predicted that the UK would suffer particularly from an exclusion of the European Single Market in terms of tariff duties and logistical challenges.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134437219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Whole-system Benefits of Vehicle-to-Grid Services from Electric Vehicle Fleets 电动车队车辆到电网服务的全系统效益
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243032
M. Aunedi, G. Strbac
{"title":"Whole-system Benefits of Vehicle-to-Grid Services from Electric Vehicle Fleets","authors":"M. Aunedi, G. Strbac","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243032","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a whole-system optimisation framework to assess the economic and environmental implications of supplying electricity to electric vehicle (EV) fleets across different charging scenarios, including unmanaged, smart and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) charging. Case studies carried out for the 2025 and 2030 UK power system scenarios suggest that the incremental cost of supplying fleet EVs can be reduced several times if vehicles follow a smart rather than an unmanaged charging regime. Implementing V2G solutions can deliver both net cost savings to the system as well as a reduction in system carbon emissions due to reduced requirements for electricity infrastructure capacity, improved integration of renewable energy and more efficient provision of frequency regulation services. Cost savings and carbon emission reduction per vehicle in the V2G case can reach up to £885 per EV per year and 243 gCO2 per km, respectively, with the greatest benefits observed in scenarios with high renewable penetration and low uptake of other flexible options.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122333023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Cooperative Truck Overtaking on Freeways 高速公路上的合作超车
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243145
J. Mertens, Jürgen Hauenstein, Frank Diermeyer, Lennard Jahn, S. Kraus
{"title":"Cooperative Truck Overtaking on Freeways","authors":"J. Mertens, Jürgen Hauenstein, Frank Diermeyer, Lennard Jahn, S. Kraus","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243145","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate cooperative truck overtaking maneuvers on the freeway. First, we explain the necessity of truck overtaking maneuvers and then show their challenges. Through cooperation we try to find approaches that optimize the maneuver in the areas of safety, efficiency and conflicts with cars. We simulated one of our proposed approaches and develop a tool to determine the overtaking points and velocities. Since the velocity profiles of the trucks among other things have to be exchanged for this optimization, we then investigate how this information can be transmitted as compactly as possible. We conclude the paper with the new findings that our approach makes truck overtaking maneuvers more than 50 % faster, reduces the total cost for trucks and cars, and only requires messages of about 264 bits size.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130512311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Databased Architecture Modeling for Battery Electric Vehicles 基于数据库的纯电动汽车体系结构建模
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242995
L. Nicoletti, W. Schmid, M. Lienkamp
{"title":"Databased Architecture Modeling for Battery Electric Vehicles","authors":"L. Nicoletti, W. Schmid, M. Lienkamp","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242995","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the number of electric vehicles on the market has continuously increased. New regulations and the progressively critical effects of global warming contribute to the acceleration of this trend. Car manufacturers are obliged to redesign their fleet, gradually substituting the internal combustion vehicles with electrified vehicles. This is a complicated task, as electric powertrains still represent a new technology and no established vehicle architectures exist. To aid engineers in identifying feasible architectures in the early development phase, package tools can be employed. As in this phase, few parameters are known, such tools have to be based on empirical models. The data upon which empirical models are based must be updated cyclically. With each update, the models have to be manually recalculated, which is a time-consuming process. Therefore, this paper will propose new modeling that will enable the empirical models to update automatically. Firstly, the authors will describe the elements that make up an electric vehicle architecture. Subsequently, a database concept that enables the required data to be stored will be presented. Finally, this paper will describe the tool implementation.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126407415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Design and Modelling of 12/4 Fully-Pitched Segmental Switched Reluctance Motors 12/4全坡度分段开关磁阻电机的设计与建模
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243040
Y. Lan, W. Peng, A. Aksöz, Yassine Benômar, P. Bossche, M. Baghdadi, O. Hegazy
{"title":"Design and Modelling of 12/4 Fully-Pitched Segmental Switched Reluctance Motors","authors":"Y. Lan, W. Peng, A. Aksöz, Yassine Benômar, P. Bossche, M. Baghdadi, O. Hegazy","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a six-phase 12/4 fully-pitched segmental rotor type switched reluctance motor (SRM). The rotor of the proposed structure is constructed from four discrete silicon-steel segments. These silicon steel segments are attached to the aluminium rotor support block. Two segments are shifted by 15 degrees from the other two to reduce the torque ripples. In addition, Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to model and analyse these SRMs. MATLAB Simulink® is used to obtain the static and dynamic characteristics of the reference and proposed SRMs to verify the proposed segmental rotor SRM. The simulation results have demonstrated that the torque density is increased by 29.3%, while the torque ripple ratio is reduced by 6.5% at the rated conditions.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117170691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Battery state prediction in photovoltaic standalone installations 光伏单机装置的电池状态预测
2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243111
Alejandro Guillén-Asensio, Iván Sanz-Gorrachategui, P. Pastor-Flores, J. S. Artal-Sevil, A. Bono-Nuez, B. Martín-del-Brío, C. Bernal-Ruíz
{"title":"Battery state prediction in photovoltaic standalone installations","authors":"Alejandro Guillén-Asensio, Iván Sanz-Gorrachategui, P. Pastor-Flores, J. S. Artal-Sevil, A. Bono-Nuez, B. Martín-del-Brío, C. Bernal-Ruíz","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243111","url":null,"abstract":"Effective energy treatment is one of the challenges to which scientists are devoting more interest and resources. Currently, there is a need to optimize the generation of energy by renewable methods and to improve the storage and management of battery cells. One of these emerging lines aims to face the problem of uncertainty that exists in the generation of energy in photovoltaic installations. In this paper, we proposed to use machine learning methods to predict the state (voltage) of the batteries at several days into the future. The results obtained from two recurrent neural networks such as NARX and LSTM are compared, getting good results with both. Two approaches are considered: sample-based prediction and pattern-based forecasting.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131607402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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