{"title":"A Model for the Data-based Analysis and Design of Urban Public Charging Infrastructure","authors":"Lennart Adenaw, M. Lienkamp","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243147","url":null,"abstract":"With electromobility on the rise, several re-searchers have acknowledged the charging station location problem as a major challenge for city planners and decision-makers. Especially in urban areas, where there is little room for privately owned charging infrastructure, public charging infrastructure is relevant to users of battery electric vehicles. This paper reviews current literature on the charging station location problem and proposes a four-step model concept for the placement and allocation of urban public charging sites based on the shortcomings of existing approaches. The proposed model combines the advantages of existing approaches and is exclusively built on socio-demographic and geospatial data that is readily available in all larger municipalities of the world. The model consists of a demand estimation based on socio-demographic and geospatial data, a candidate site selection based on a genetic algorithm, an agent-based infrastructure simulation to account for user behavior and system dynamics, and a heuristic repositioning approach to optimize charger allocation.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134202443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced Primary Control Structure for Variable Speed Wind Turbines with regard to Wind Fluctuations","authors":"B. Spichartz, K. Günther, C. Sourkounis","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243150","url":null,"abstract":"In the future, wind turbines (WTs) will take part in frequency stabilization by providing inertial and primary power. For the last one a WT must keep power reserves by overspeeding or pitching of the blades and the power output must be varied depending on the grid frequency. The greater the frequency drop is, the higher the power output for the primary control should be. In this paper it is shown that wind fluctuations can cause the drive train to slow down to a standstill during the low-frequency period. This scenario has to be prevented, since the subsequent deactivation of WT generator power can lead to a blackout scenario in the grid. In this publication different control strategies are presented, which are designed to ensure operational stability independent of the considered wind speed curve. The introduced methods are analyzed on the basis of theoretical considerations as well as on simulation and measurement results.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130887699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual impedance adaptation in a load emulator device for laboratory PV inverter testbed","authors":"M. B. Saïd-Romdhane, I. Slama-Belkhodja","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243022","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an adaptive virtual impedance for load emulator control to be used in an emulator-based laboratory testbed. The target platform aims to investigate the impact of nonlinear local loads on PV systems and local storage systems as solution for higher integration of PV systems into existing low-voltage networks. The platform is equipped with PV inverter with unknown LCL filter parameters and industrial grid emulator. These devises as well as the load emulator are connected to a Point of Common Coupling (PCC) via LCL filters. Their parallel operation can lead to some instability. In this paper, authors propose a simple and fast method for instability detection by defining a residual giving a low value under normal operation and higher values when instability occurs. Virtual impedance is then introduced in the load emulator control to suppress these instabilities. Its value is tuned gradually till the residual value returns lower than the threshold defined in normal conditions. This method can be applied to any LCL type inverter with proportional resonant controller. A PSIM software platform model is established and simulation results are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128890835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic modelling and performance prediction of a recovery fresh air heat pump for a generic bus","authors":"E. Afrasiabian, R. Douglas, R. Best","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243005","url":null,"abstract":"Air circulation inside the buses’ cabin seems to negatively affect the spread of contagious diseases, such as the COVID-19 virus and raises valid health concerns over using public transportations. Employing all-fresh air and avoiding to recirculate it could help with lowering the exposure time and the virus density in buses; however, it makes the heating more challenging, especially in Electric buses. Here a Baseline and a proposed Recovery Heat Pump (BHP and RHP, respectively) systems in a generic single decker bus were modeled to investigate their dynamic performance and the cabin’s conditions using 100% fresh air. Simulink and Simscape toolbox from MATLAB (R2020a) were used to build up the real-time model by integrating an HP system with a cabin sub-model. The cabin is modeled using a moisture air network and is coupled with the HP to exchange heat with the refrigerant through the condenser. For both cases, 100% fresh air flows through the condenser into the cabin. In BHP the evaporator is exposed to 100% cold fresh air, while in RHP the warm air from the cabin passes through the evaporator before being vented outside. Both cases were studied for different ventilation modes in low and medium occupancy levels. Results indicate that RHP shows superior performance compared with BHP. Under the studied operational conditions, RHP reduced the power requirement, warm-up time, and operation time by 36%-6% (at most-at least), 57%-7%, and 39%-13%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133852358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thrust Ripple Influence of Fractional-Slot Permanent Magnet Linear Motors","authors":"Xin Chang, Q. Lu","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9242934","url":null,"abstract":"For permanent magnet linear motor (PMLM), the thrust ripple is bigger compared with the conventional rotary motor, which deteriorates the thrust performance. Based on FEM, the influences of thrust ripple are investigated including slot/pole combination, magnetic load, electric load and end tooth. First, the PMLM topologies with four feasible slot/pole number combinations are introduced and corresponding winding factors are calculated. Then, the thrust ripple is comparatively analysed under different magnetic load and electric load. Finally, the end tooth of motor structure is optimized by the global optimization method to minimize the thrust ripple. It is shown the thrust ripple can be much reduced by adopting asymmetry end tooth structure, and the optimal slot/pole combination is that the difference between pole and slot is two.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"7 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116399126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Gleissner, J. Häring, M. Bakran, W. Wondrak, M. Hepp
{"title":"Advantageous Fault-tolerant Multilevel and Multiphase Inverter Systems for Automotive Electric Powertrains","authors":"Michael Gleissner, J. Häring, M. Bakran, W. Wondrak, M. Hepp","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243131","url":null,"abstract":"The expected increase in vehicles with electric drive and the high safety requirements for autonomous driving put fault-tolerant electric powertrains in focus. Due to the strict cost and space requirements in the automotive sector, fault-tolerant systems not only have to be based on a mere multiple use of critical components, they also have to bring further advantages for normal operation in order to become established. Multilevel and multiphase systems not only offer inherent fault tolerance, but also other benefits such as higher power density, efficiency and even lower costs. Some promising approaches are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123622456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Othon Aram Coronado de Koster, J. S. Artal-Sevil, J. A. Domínguez-Navarro
{"title":"Multi-type FACTS location in a microgrid","authors":"Othon Aram Coronado de Koster, J. S. Artal-Sevil, J. A. Domínguez-Navarro","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243070","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an algorithm based on tabu search for locating and sizing FACTS devices in a microgrid. The joint location of the different type of devices improves the performance of the microgrid. Tabu search uses several indexes to lead the search towards the objective. Solutions obtained show a good voltage profile and values of the objective function.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121955439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis Fouineau, Martin Guillet, B. Lefebvre, M. Raulet, F. Sixdenier
{"title":"A Medium Frequency Transformer Design Tool with Methodologies Adapted to Various Structures","authors":"Alexis Fouineau, Martin Guillet, B. Lefebvre, M. Raulet, F. Sixdenier","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243104","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive and generic medium frequency transformer (MFT) design methodology is presented in this paper, which can be applied to many transformer structures. Models were found or developed to cover all the necessary calculation, with emphasis on the balance between computation time and accuracy, leading to a fast and efficient design tool. Numerous MFT designs are available at the end with the possibility to choose the best candidate. A multi-megawatt offshore windfarm converter application was chosen to show the optimization procedure of the MFT design inside such a converter. The best potential design was retained and validated by numerous finite element simulations. This procedure was repeated for various MFT structures in order to perform a quantitative comparison of many different combinations of technological choices. This study can give insights on the best technological choices to be used for MFTs, and also shows significant differences in performance between structures.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129800597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environment-friendliness in Maritime Transport: Designing Smart Recharging Stations in North Adriatic Sea","authors":"D. Bosich, A. Vicenzutti, G. Sulligoi","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243138","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the electrification plays a crucial role in the challenge towards the energy sustainability. Focusing on the transportation field, the integration of carbon-free electric vehicles (cars, ships, trains and so on) and smart charging infrastructures based on renewable resources can strongly reduce the pollutants emissions of human mobility, while at the same time promoting the Smart City paradigm. In this context, the INTERREG project METRO (Maritime Environment-friendly TRanspOrt systems) is aimed at proposing innovative solutions for the improvement of the environmental sustainability in the North Adriatic maritime transport. The goal is to be reached by means of an integrated strategy, focusing on tackling both ships and ports. On one hand, by using electrical propulsion and energy storage systems onboard the ship, it is possible to decrease the vessel’s environmental impact while sailing. On the other hand, a well-designed recharging infrastructure in the port can recharge the ship’s energy storage system while at berth, possibly exploiting renewable carbon-free resources.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127116867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influences of Virtual Inertia Control on the Mechanical Drive Train of Wind Turbines","authors":"K. Günther, B. Spichartz, C. Sourkounis","doi":"10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243931","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing share of renewable energy sources (RES) within the electric power supply and the decreased share of conventional power plants, considerable challenges arise to further ensure a stable and reliable power supply. As a result, the requirements for a grid connection of RES defined by distribution operators are extended steadily. Especially wind turbines are in the focus of research to provide inertial power to the grid since the inertial masses of their drive train comprise a mechanical acceleration time constant comparable with the one of conventional power plants. The present work focuses on the df/dt− virtual inertia control and its effects on the mechanical drive train of a wind turbine. Specifically, the design of the PLL and of the filter as components of the control structure are investigated in detail. Based on a mathematical analysis, simulation results clarify the influence of the controller parameters on the drive train with resulting torque oscillations at the wind turbine’s drive shaft.","PeriodicalId":166751,"journal":{"name":"2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130525901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}