Journal of NeuroVirology最新文献

{"title":"Combined effects of loneliness and inflammation on depression in people with HIV.","authors":"Mariam A Hussain, C Wei-Ming Watson, Erin E Morgan, Robert K Heaton, Scott L Letendre, Dilip V Jeste, David J Moore, Jennifer E Iudicello","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01145-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01145-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Loneliness is prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) and associated with adverse health-related consequences, including depression. Chronic inflammation has been linked to depression in PWH, though its association with loneliness is less well established. Simultaneous examination of inflammation, loneliness and depression is needed to clarify these relationships. This study investigated the relationship between loneliness and inflammation, and the effects of loneliness and inflammation on depression in PWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>82 PWH who were on suppressive ART (mean age [SD] = 53.2 [9.0]) completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3 and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as part of a comprehensive evaluation. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation (CRP, IL-6, CCL2/MCP-1, sCD14) and coagulation (D-dimer) were measured in blood using commercial immunoassays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that higher D-dimer, CCL2/MCP-1, and sCD14 were significant predictors of loneliness (ps < .05) while accounting for relevant covariates. Stepwise multiple linear regression models that included loneliness, biomarkers, and their interactions as predictors of depressive symptoms revealed significant main effects of loneliness and CCL2/MCP-1 levels (ps < .05), and a significant loneliness by D-dimer interaction (p < .05) whereby higher D-dimer was associated with increased depressive symptoms only at higher levels of loneliness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased coagulation activity is associated with loneliness, and in the context of loneliness, may increase risk for depression. Increased inflammation was associated with depression suggesting potentially dissociable underlying biological processes. To the extent that these processes are modifiable, such findings could have important implications in the treatment of loneliness and depression in PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"538-554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10123452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guillain-Barré syndrome as clinical presentation of a recently acquired hepatitis C.","authors":"Filomena Boccia, Letizia Lucia Florio, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Rosa Zampino","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01167-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01167-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>About 40% of the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases are associated with prodromal infections; occasionally, it has been associated to chronic hepatitis C or its reactivation. A 38-year-old man came to our attention after transaminase elevation occurred during recovery from GBS. All the possible causes of acute hepatitis were excluded except for the positivity of HCVRNA, and a diagnosis of new onset hepatitis C was made. Recalling patient history, we observed that (i) anti-HCV antibodies were negative and liver enzymes were normal 7 weeks before GBS onset; (ii) in the early stages of ICU admission, liver enzymes started to rise, but the elevation remained mild under steroid treatment; (iii) serum aminotransferase peak occurred 11 weeks after GBS onset; and (iv) HCV RNA was already significantly high when anti-HCV antibodies became positive, consistent with an acute hepatitis. Furthermore, anti-HCV seroconversion was likely delayed or blurred by steroids and immunoglobulin infusions. The interval of time between GBS onset and transaminase elevation compared with the patient clinical history allows us to establish a cause-effect relationship between the two diseases. All patients with GBS should be tested for hepatitis C, or its reactivation if already present, and followed up for an early diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"640-643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10116281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Tat expression led to increased histone 3 tri-methylation at lysine 27 and contributed to HIV latency in astrocytes through regulation of MeCP2 and Ezh2 expression.","authors":"Ying Liu, Yinghua Niu, Lu Li, Khalid A Timani, Victor L He, Chris Sanburns, Jiafeng Xie, Johnny J He","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01175-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01175-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases disability scale in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.","authors":"Felipe R Schmidt, Evandro Sf Coutinho, Marco A Lima, Marcus Tt Silva, Ana Ccb Leite, Igor O Fonseca, Abelardo Qc Araujo","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01154-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01154-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic disabling disease. However, there is a lack of an adequate and specific health measurement instrument validated and with good performance to assess their degree of physical disability. This led us to carry out this study and to evaluate the performance of Fiocruz's National Institute of Infectious Diseases (IDS) disability scale, a specific instrument for HAM/TSP. Ninety-two HAM/TSP patients participated in the study. One researcher applied the IDS, IPEC scale, Disability Status Scale (DSS), Expanded DSS (EDSS), Osame scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. In parallel, blindly, and separately, other researchers applied the IDS. An inter-rater reliability analysis of the IDS, correlation analysis with the other scales, and depression and quality of life questionnaires were performed. The applicability of the IDS was also evaluated. The IDS showed high reliability in all scores. The inter-rater reliability test for the total IDS score was 0.94 (0.82-0.98) on its four dimensions. The scale adequately indicated the different degrees of disability, presenting a distribution similar to normal. There was a high correlation with the other scales (Spearman coefficients > 0.80, p < 0.001). The scale had good acceptance among users and a short application time. IDS for HAM/TSP was reliable, consistent, easy, and fast to use. It can be used for both prospective evaluations and clinical trials. The present study supports the IDS as a valid instrument to measure disability in patients with HAM/TSP compared to previously used scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"555-563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9738153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting JC virus and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.","authors":"Angela Rocchi, Ilker K Sariyer, Joseph R Berger","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01164-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01164-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its definition 65 years ago, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has continued to devastate a growing population of immunosuppressed patients despite major advances in our understanding of the causative JC virus (JCV). Unless contained by the immune system, JCV lyses host oligodendrocytes collateral to its life cycle, leading to demyelination, neurodegeneration, and death. Novel treatments have stagnated in the absence of an animal model while current antiviral agents fail to address the now ubiquitous polyomavirus. In this review, we highlight the established pathogenesis by which JCV infection progresses to PML, highlighting major challenges that must be overcome to eliminate the underlying virus and, therefore, the debilitating disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"524-537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10513628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic search of viral coinfections in herpes simplex encephalitis patients.","authors":"Karol Perlejewski, Marek Radkowski, Małgorzata Rydzanicz, Tomasz Dzieciątkowski, Steffi Silling, Magdalena Wieczorek, Michał Makowiecki, Andrzej Horban, Tomasz Laskus","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01157-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01157-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about concomitant central nervous system (CNS) infections by more than one virus. Current diagnostics are based on molecular tests for particular pathogens making it difficult to identify multi-viral infections. In the present study, we applied DNA- and RNA-based next-generation sequencing metagenomics (mNGS) to detect viruses in cerebrospinal fluids from 20 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. Coinfection was detected in one patient: sequences in cerebrospinal fluids matched enterovirus A (2.660 reads; 4% of recovered genome) and enterovirus B (1.571 reads; 13% of recovered genome). Subsequent PCR combined with serotyping allowed to identify human echovirus 6, a representative of enterovirus B. Several other mNGS hits (human pegivirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, human papillomavirus type 5) were not considered to represent a genuine signal as they could not be confirmed by specific RT-PCR/PCR. HSV DNA, while being detectable by PCR in every patient, was detected by mNGS in only one. In conclusion, contaminations and false signals may complicate mNGS interpretation; however, the method can be useful in diagnostics of viral coinfections in CNS, particularly in the case of rare pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"588-597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9920084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term survival from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in living-donor liver transplant recipient with preformed donor-specific antibody.","authors":"Shuhei Egashira, Akatsuki Kubota, Toshiyuki Kakumoto, Reiko Kawasaki, Risa Kotani, Kaori Sakuishi, Atsushi Iwata, Sung Kwan Bae, Nobuhisa Akamatsu, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Mariko Tanaka, Kazuo Nakamichi, Masayuki Saijo, Tatsushi Toda","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01171-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01171-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensive immunosuppression has enabled liver transplantation even in recipients with preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSA), an independent risk factor for graft rejection. However, these recipients may also be at high risk of progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML) due to the comorbid immunosuppressed status. A 58-year-old woman presented with self-limited focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizures 9 months after liver transplantation. She was desensitized using rituximab and plasma exchange before transplantation and was subsequently treated with steroids, tacrolimus, and everolimus after transplantation for her preformed DSA. Neurological examination revealed mild acalculia and agraphia. Cranial MRI showed asymmetric, cortex-sparing white matter lesions that increased over a week in the left frontal, left parietal, and right parieto-occipital lobes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cerebrospinal fluid for the JC supported the diagnosis of PML. Immune reconstitution by reducing the immunosuppressant dose stopped lesion expansion, and PCR of the cerebrospinal fluid for the JC virus became negative. Graft rejection occurred 2 months after immune reconstitution, requiring readjustment of immunosuppressants. Forty-eight months after PML onset, the patient lived at home without disabling deficits. Intensive immunosuppression may predispose recipients to PML after liver transplantation with preformed DSA. Early immune reconstitution and careful monitoring of graft rejection may help improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"519-523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10154502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum of COVID-19 patients changes neuroinflammation and mitochondrial homeostasis markers in hippocampus of aged rats.","authors":"Yorran Hardman A Montenegro, Larissa Daniele Bobermin, Patrícia Sesterheim, Richard Steiner Salvato, Fernando Anschau, Maria José Santos de Oliveira, Angela T S Wyse, Carlos Alexandre Netto, Carlos-Alberto Saraiva Gonçalves, André Quincozes-Santos, Guilhian Leipnitz","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01156-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01156-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients affected by COVID-19 present mostly with respiratory symptoms but acute neurological symptoms are also commonly observed. Furthermore, a considerable number of individuals develop persistent and often remitting symptoms months after infection, characterizing the condition called long-COVID. Since the pathophysiology of acute and persistent neurological manifestations is not fully established, we evaluated the expression of different genes in hippocampal slices of aged rats exposed to the serum of a post-COVID (sPC) individual and to the serum of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 [Zeta (sZeta) and Gamma (sGamma) variants]. The expression of proteins related to inflammatory process, redox homeostasis, mitochondrial quality control and glial reactivity was determined. Our data show that the exposure to sPC, sZeta and sGamma differentially altered the mRNA levels of most inflammatory proteins and reduced those of antioxidant response markers in rat hippocampus. Furthermore, a decrease in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes was induced by all serum samples, whereas a reduction in mitochondrial dynamics was only caused by sPC. Regarding the glial reactivity, S100B expression was modified by sPC and sZeta. These findings demonstrate that changes in the inflammatory response and a reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics may contribute to the neurological damage observed in COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"577-587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10241993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving etiologies, comorbidities, survival, and costs of care in adult encephalitis.","authors":"J A Bakal, R Rivera, C Charlton, S Plitt, C Power","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01165-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01165-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Encephalitis is a central nervous system disorder, often caused by infectious agents or aberrant immune responses. We investigated causes, comorbidities, costs, and outcomes of encephalitis in a population-based cohort. ICD-10 codes corresponding to encephalitis were used to identify health services records for all adults from 2004 to 2019. Data were cross-validated for identified diagnoses based on laboratory confirmation using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. We identified persons with a diagnosis of encephalitis and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results (n = 581) in whom viral genome was detected (n = 315) in a population of 3.2 million adults from 2004 to 2019. Viral genome-positive CSF samples included HSV-1 (n = 133), VZV (n = 116), HSV-2 (n = 34), enterovirus (n = 4), EBV (n = 5), and CMV (n = 3) with the remaining viruses included JCV (n = 12) and HHV-6 (n = 1). The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (2.0) and mortality rate (37.6%) were significantly higher in the CSF viral genome-negative encephalitis group although the mean costs of care were significantly higher for the CSF viral genome-positive group. Cumulative incidence rates showed increased CSF VZV detection in persons with encephalitis, which predominated in persons over 65 years with a higher mean Charlson index. We detected HSV-2 and VZV more frequently in CSF from encephalitis cases with greater material-social deprivation. The mean costs of care were significantly greater for HSV-1 encephalitis group. Encephalitis remains an important cause of neurological disability and death with a viral etiology in 54.2% of affected adults accompanied by substantial costs of care and mortality. Virus-associated encephalitis is evolving with increased VZV detection, especially in older persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"605-613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10353704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in cognitive function among people with HIV-1 clade C infection in Northern India.","authors":"Anchal Sharma, Manju Mohanty, Teddy Salan, Deepika Aggarwal, Lissa Mandell, Deborah L Jones, Kristopher Arheart, Aman Sharma, Sameer Vyas, Paramjeet Singh, Varan Govind, Mahendra Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13365-023-01166-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-023-01166-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) clade C is the most prevalent form of HIV-1 comprising nearly 46% of global infections and is the dominant subtype in India. Despite its predominance, the impact of HIV-1 clade C infection on cognitive function has been understudied in comparison with other subtypes, notably clade B, which is primarily found in Europe and North America. Few studies have assessed cognitive impairment in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve men and women with HIV-1 clade C infection. In this study conducted in Northern India, differences in neuropsychological functioning were compared between 109 participants (70 men, 39 women) with untreated HIV-1 clade C infection and 110 demographically matched healthy controls (74 men, 36 women). A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was used to examine depression, self-assessment of functioning, and cognitive performance in six domains of functioning. Group differences were assessed by HIV-1 status and sex, controlling for age and education. Results indicated that cognitive deficits were substantially greater among male participants with HIV-1 clade C compared to male controls in all domains of cognitive functioning; in contrast, women with HIV-1 clade C had only minor deficits compared to healthy female participants. In addition, a larger proportion of men with HIV-1 clade C exhibited high levels of depression than women with HIV-1 clade C. These findings suggest that untreated HIV-1 clade C infection in men can have debilitating effects on neuropsychological function and depression, and stress the importance of facilitating rapid access to treatment to reduce the impact of HIV-1 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"614-625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10213163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}