Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection among Febrile Patients in Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon): A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Francky Steve Sohanang Nodem,&nbsp;Didiane Ymele,&nbsp;Mouni Fadimatou,&nbsp;Simeon-Pierre Chegaing Fodouop","doi":"10.1155/2023/5334813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5334813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria and typhoid fever remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. It is common today to see patients being concurrently infected or treated for the two diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of malaria, typhoid fever, and their coinfection among febrile patients at Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital, Adamawa, Cameroon. <i>Methodology</i>. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 208 febrile patients coming for medical consultation at Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital and suspected for malaria and/or typhoid fever from September to November 2019. After receiving the consent of each patient, clinical and sociodemographic information were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Thereafter, blood samples were collected and subjected to (i) blood film examination for malaria detection and (ii) qualitative and semiquantitative Widal assay for typhoid fever detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> was the only species identified, and the prevalence of malaria was 50.0% (<i>n</i> = 104). The seroprevalence of typhoid fever was 64.3% (<i>n</i> = 133). The malaria and typhoid fever coinfection was 30.3% (<i>n</i> = 63). The coinfection between <i>S. paratyphi</i> (A, B, and C) and malaria was also observed with the prevalence ranging from 32.2 to 63.9%. Female group and children from 2 to 10 years old were the most affected groups by the two infectious agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Typhoid fever and malaria were more prevalent in Ngaoundéré City, particularly in children and women. Further studies should be done on the risk factors of malaria and typhoid fever coinfection in different study areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5334813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10545472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Cercaricidal Activity, Acute Toxicity, and GC/MS Analysis of Some Selected Ghanaian Medicinal Plants.","authors":"Bright Osei-Mensah,&nbsp;Yaw Duah Boakye,&nbsp;William Kofi Anyan,&nbsp;Theresa Appiah Agana,&nbsp;Eugene Agyei Aboagye,&nbsp;Ivy Bentil,&nbsp;Elvis Suatey Lomotey,&nbsp;Francis Adu,&nbsp;Christian Agyare","doi":"10.1155/2023/4589424","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4589424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the <i>Schistosoma</i> species and is recognised in public health as second to malaria in terms of its socioeconomic impact on humans. Four local plants native to many tribes in Ghana and known for their medicinal properties against some diseases were assessed for their cercaricidal activity against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> cercariae. The plants, namely, <i>Newbouldia laevis</i> stem bark (NLSB), <i>Spathodea campanulata</i> stem bark (SCSB), <i>Momordica charantia</i> leaves (MCL), and <i>Ocimum viride</i> leaves (OVL), were extracted for their active metabolites using methanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on all plant extracts and powdered samples. The crude extracts were tested against <i>S. mansoni</i> cercariae <i>in vitro</i> using <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> as the positive control. The percentage of mortalities for each extract was recorded. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was conducted on all the plant extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins in almost all the extracts. GC/MS analysis showed the presence of medicinally important active volatile compounds in each extract such as thymol, n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, and maltol. All four plants showed relatively different levels of activity against <i>S. mansoni</i> cercariae at different times and concentrations. The LC₅₀ values of the plant extracts were determined at the end of the assay. At 240 min, NLSB, SCSB, MCL, and OVL extracts had LC₅₀ values of 487.564, 429.898, 197.696, and 0.129 <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively. Hence, this study revealed the potency of <i>Ocimum viride</i> leaves, <i>Momordica charantia</i> leaves, <i>Spathodea campanulata</i> stem bark, and <i>Newbouldia laevis</i> stem bark against <i>S. mansoni</i>. These plants could therefore be exploited as possible candidates for curbing schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4589424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41130780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nematocidal Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of <i>Persea americana</i> Seeds against <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i> using the Worm Microtracker Method.","authors":"Yamssi Cédric,&nbsp;Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia,&nbsp;Sandra Nfufu,&nbsp;Mounvera Abdel Azizi,&nbsp;Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah Sandra,&nbsp;Vincent Khan Payne","doi":"10.1155/2023/9545565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9545565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections with gastrointestinal helminths constitute a serious obstacle to the good health of the local population in most African Countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of <i>Persea americana</i> ethanol and aqueous extracts against <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i> using the worm microtracker.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <i>P. americana</i> were prepared. Different concentrations of the extracts were tested against the egg and larvae stages of <i>H. polygyrus</i> using an automated high-throughput method. Briefly, embryonated eggs and larvae of this parasite were obtained after the incubation of fresh eggs at 25°C for 24, 48, and 96 hours for embryonated eggs, L₁ and L₂ larvae, respectively. One hundred microliters of the plant extracts at various concentrations were put in contact in a 96-well microplate with a suspension of 100 embryonated eggs in a total volume of 200 <i>μ</i>L and incubated in a worm microtracker where the motility of the worms was recorded every 30 minutes for the ovicidal activity. The final tested extract concentration was 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125 mg/mL, whereas ringer solution (0.95%) and 1.5% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as negative controls and levamisole as positive control. The same method was used for larvicidal activities. The anthelmintic activity was determined using the average movement of the worms in the tested product compared with the negative control (1.5% DMSO and ringer solution).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The egg hatching rates of <i>H. polygyrus</i> had IC₅₀ of 0.49 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 71.70-92.03) and 0.22 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 74.28-86.18) for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. These IC₅₀ indicate that the aqueous extract is more active for the inhibition of hatching at a 95% confidence interval. The aqueous and ethanol extracts presented mean inhibitory hatching rates of 78.33 ± 1.67% and 75.67 ± 1.15% at 5 mg/mL, respectively, with no significant differences. The highest percentage of inhibition of L₁ larva was observed at 5 mg/mL with 89 ± 2.3%and 85 ± 2.7% for the ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. The lowest percentage of inhibition was observed at 0.3125 mg/mL, with 54.67 ± 3.38% and 49 ± 2.64% for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two extracts at 5 mg/mL with an inhibitory percentage of 90.67 ± 3.05% (ethanol) and 89.33 ± 2.08% (aqueous).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extracts of <i>P. americana</i> seeds possess nematocidal activity, however, further <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vivo</i> investigations are necessary to confirm their anthelminthic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9545565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10513806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimalarial Efficacy and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Lophira lanceolata</i> Stem Bark Ethanol Extract Using <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> Induced-Malaria in <i>Swiss Albino's</i> Mice.","authors":"Mounvera Abdel Azizi,&nbsp;Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia,&nbsp;Yamssi Cedric,&nbsp;Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki,&nbsp;Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand,&nbsp;Djeussi Doriane Esther,&nbsp;Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah Sandra,&nbsp;Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin,&nbsp;Vincent Khan Payne","doi":"10.1155/2023/9400650","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9400650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a major public health problem in the tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed of investigating the antimalarial and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of <i>Lophira lanceolata</i> stem bark. <i>Methodology</i>. The antimalarial activity was determined using the Peter 4-days' suppressive and Rane's curative tests on Swiss albino: these mice were infected with 1 × 10⁷ parasitized red blood cells. The percentage reduction of parasitemia was related to each test, and the liver homogenate was used to assay malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, nitrogen monoxide, catalase, and glutathione for the evaluation of oxidative stress. During the curative test, blood was collected for hematological parameters, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase to evaluate liver function.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The ethanol extract of <i>L. lanceolata</i> showed a dose-dependent suppressive activity with the highest suppression of 88.22% at 500 mg/kg. Suppression produced by the extract was not significantly higher than that of the reference drug with 96.1%. Similarly, the extract at doses 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg showed significant decreases (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner during the curative test. The ethanol extract <i>of L. lanceolata</i> caused a reduction of tissue markers, such as hepatic oxidative stress, as it increased the enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ethanol extract of <i>L. lanceolata</i> possesses both antimalarial and antioxidant activities. However, further <i>in vivo</i> toxicity tests are required to guarantee their safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9400650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10457170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10101309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Trypanosomosis in Dromedary Camels in the Pastoral Areas of the Guji Zone in Ethiopia","authors":"G. Alemu, R. Abebe","doi":"10.1155/2023/8611281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8611281","url":null,"abstract":"Camel trypanosomosis is a life-threatening disease with adverse effects on camel health, production, and working efficiency. Despite this, camel trypanosomosis has received much less attention in Ethiopia compared with the disease in cattle and other animals. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of camel trypanosomosis, identify the potential risk factors, and determine the importance of trypanosomosis in causing anemia in camels in the Gorodola and Liben districts in the Guji Zone of Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. To this end, blood samples were collected from randomly selected 450 camels in heparinized capillary tubes and analyzed for the presence of Trypanosoma evansi using the buffy coat technique and Giemsa-stained thin smears. T. evansi infection was detected in 24 (5.3%) of the 450 camels examined. Out of the four variables analyzed in this study, two factors, such as body condition (BC) score and age, were found to be significantly (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) associated with trypanosomosis in camels. A higher prevalence of trypanosomosis was observed in camels in poor BC (13.22%) than in camels in good (4.62%) or moderate (1.01%) BC. Likewise, adult camels (8.09%) were infected more frequently than young camels (1.12%), whereas no trypanosomes were detected in camel calves under 2 years of age. No significant statistical difference was found between the two districts, and male and female camels (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 >\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). Statistically, the mean packed cell volume was significantly lower (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) in parasitemic camels (\u0000 \u0000 26.5\u0000 %\u0000 ±\u0000 7\u0000 \u0000 ) as compared with aparasitemic camels (\u0000 \u0000 33.9\u0000 %\u0000 ±\u0000 9.1\u0000 \u0000 ). In conclusion, the current study conducted during a dry season showed a moderate prevalence of trypanosomosis in camels. Further studies using more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, such as miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique, serology, or molecular tests, are needed to establish a true epidemiological dataset on the prevalence and seasonality of the disease and its vectors in the study area to recommend viable control measures.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42535190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits Used at the Enyiresi Government Hospital in the Eastern Region of Ghana","authors":"S. Domfeh, Boateng Y. Darkwa, Raymond K. Gablah, Evans Adu-Asamoah, C. Obirikorang","doi":"10.1155/2023/4226020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4226020","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopic identification of Plasmodium spp. is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. However, malaria rapid diagnostic test kits are also available for prompt diagnosis. This study evaluated four routinely used malaria rapid diagnostic test kits at the Enyiresi Government Hospital in the Eastern Region of Ghana. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 238 patients suspected of malaria. Venous blood samples were collected to identify Plasmodium falciparum using microscopic techniques. Further, the performances of four malaria rapid diagnostic test kits, First Response Malaria Ag Pf, Carestart Malaria Pf, SD Bioline Ag Pf, and ABON Malaria Pf, were evaluated using the results from the microscopy as the standard reference. As confirmed by microscopy, 65.5% (156/238) of the patients have falciparum malaria. All malaria rapid diagnostic test kits had sensitivities and specificities over 75% compared to microscopy results as the reference standard. However, the SD Bioline Ag Pf kit recorded the highest agreement with the microscopy (\u0000 \u0000 Cohe\u0000 n\u0000 ’\u0000 s\u0000  \u0000 kappa\u0000 =\u0000 0.879\u0000 \u0000 ). All the malaria rapid diagnostic test kits performed quite well and can be used in emergencies. However, results from these kits need to be confirmed by microscopy.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"49 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Chronic <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection with Pro-Inflamatory Cytokine Interleukin (IL)-12 Responses in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients of Bangladesh.","authors":"Tamanna Ashraf,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar Sarker,&nbsp;Md Ismail Hosen,&nbsp;Atiqur Rahman,&nbsp;A K M Mahbub Hasan,&nbsp;Taibur Rahman","doi":"10.1155/2023/3885160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3885160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis in around one-third of the world population, particularly in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most severe global health challenges in the 21st century, and especially, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 90% of the diabetes cases diagnosed globally. In Bangladesh, the rate of T2DM is rising gradually with the improvement in living standards. The aim of this study is to find out the correlation between latent toxoplasmosis and T2DM, emphasizing the pro-inflammatory cytokine immunity. For this, 100 (<i>N</i> = 100) patients with T2DM and 100 (<i>N</i> = 100) healthy controls were enrolled to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, ELISA was also performed to determine the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-12, to understand its role in the development of toxoplasmosis. In our study, 39.39% of the T2DM patients were positive with anti-<i>T. gondii</i> Immunoglobulin G by ELISA, whereas the rate of seropositivity in healthy controls was 39.73%. We did not find significant association between <i>T. gondii</i> infection and T2DM, but our data confirmed a high prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in Bangladeshi population. From hematology tests, it was found that the T2DM patients had significantly lower levels of total white blood cells (<i>P</i> = 0.0015), circulating eosinophils (<i>P</i> = 0.0026), and neutrophils (<i>P</i> = 0.0128) than the healthy controls. On the other hand, the levels of lymphocytes (<i>P</i> = 0.0204) and monocytes (<i>P</i> = 0.0067) were significantly higher in patients. Furthermore, <i>T. gondii</i> infected T2DM patients had significantly higher levels of IL-12 than the healthy controls (<i>P</i> = 0.026), suggesting a link between parasitic infection and IL-12 secretion. Further studies are to be performed to find out the exact cause of high prevalence of chronic <i>T. gondii</i> infection in Bangladeshi population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3885160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9841633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial Analysis and Molecular Epidemiologic Study of Emerging Pulmonary Lophomoniasis in Iran: A National Registry-Based Study.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Ghatee,&nbsp;Maryam Nakhaei,&nbsp;Ali Sharifpour,&nbsp;Mahdi Fakhar,&nbsp;Niloufar Mohamadi,&nbsp;Mostafa Soleymani,&nbsp;Siavash Abedi,&nbsp;Masoud Aliyali,&nbsp;Hossein Mehravaran","doi":"10.1155/2023/1039186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1039186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis (BPL) is a protozoan pulmonary disease that has been reported sporadically, but its incidence has been increasing. However, the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease have not been clearly identified. The current study aims to identify BPL cases molecularly and assess the demographic and some environmental factors for the first time on the prevalence of BPL as a national registry-based study in Iran. <i>Methodology</i>. The study tested 960 patients with lower respiratory tract symptoms whose bronchoalveolar lavage samples were submitted from seven provinces of Iran to the Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis. They were tested for BPL by a newly developed polymerase chain reaction test. The study assessed the association of Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), digital elevation model (DEM), and geographic latitude as environmental factors and sex and age as demographic factors on the prevalence of BPL. Geospatial information systems methods and chi-squared and Pearson's correlation tests were used for the assessment of geographical and environmental factor effects and statistical analysis, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 960 patients, 218 (22.7%) tested positive for BPL; the highest and lowest prevalence rates were reported from the south and northeast of Iran, respectively. The study found a correlation between geographic latitude and age with BPL prevalence, but no association was found for gender, NDVI, or DEM. Most patients were over 40 years old, and the rate of disease was higher in southern latitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age and geographical latitude were found to be risk factors for BPL. More exposure to dust and/or chronic pulmonary problems may explain the higher prevalence of the disease in older adults. Higher rates of BPL in lower latitudes may be due to warmer weather and longer days, which can confine individual activities indoors and result in more contact with domestic insects and infected dust.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1039186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10266910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9658985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Laboratory and Semi-Field Larvicidal Effects of Essential Oil Extracted from <i>Feronia limonia</i> against <i>Anopheles arabiensis</i> Patton.","authors":"Eliningaya J Kweka,&nbsp;France P Mdoe,&nbsp;Norah N Lowassari,&nbsp;Venugopalan Venkatesalu,&nbsp;Annadurai Senthilkumar","doi":"10.1155/2023/5907603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5907603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study intended to evaluate the larvicidal activity of <i>Feronia limonia</i> leaf essential oil against the wild population of <i>Anopheles arabiensis</i> Patton larvae in laboratory and semi-field environments. Larvae mortality was observed after 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure. In laboratory condition, the essential oil showed good larvicidal activity against <i>An. arabiensis</i> (LC₅₀ = 85.61 and LC₉₅ = 138.03 ppm (after 12 hours); LC₅₀ = 65.53 and LC₉₅ = 117.95 ppm (after 24 hours); LC₅₀ = 32.18 and LC₉₅ = 84.59 ppm (after 48 hours); LC₅₀ = 8.03 and LC₉₅ = 60.45 ppm (after 72 hours), while in semi-field experiments, larvicidal activity was (LC₅₀ = 91.89 and LC₉₅ = 134.93 ppm (after 12 hours); LC₅₀ = 83.34 and LC₉₅ = 109.81 ppm (after 24 hours); LC₅₀ = 66.78 and LC₉₅ = 109.81 (after 28 hours); LC₅₀ = 47.64 and 90.67 ppm (after 72 hours). These results give an insight on the future use of <i>F. limonia</i> essential oils for mosquitoes control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5907603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9977545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10843972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-Temporal Variations in Parasitological Prevalence and Host-Related Risk Factors of Camel Trypanosomiasis and Its Vectors in North Eastern Kenya: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kennedy O Ogolla,&nbsp;Judith K Chemuliti,&nbsp;Florence N Wamwiri,&nbsp;Joanna E Auma,&nbsp;Richard K Kurgat,&nbsp;Kennedy B Wanjala,&nbsp;Lawrence G Mugunieri,&nbsp;Phylis M Alusi,&nbsp;Raymond E Mdachi,&nbsp;Phoebe W Mukiria,&nbsp;Sylvance O Okoth","doi":"10.1155/2023/7218073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7218073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Camel trypanosomiasis (<i>Surra</i>) is endemic in the Horn of Africa. Understanding the spatiotemporal variations in <i>Surra</i> prevalence, vector dynamics, and host-related risk factors is important in developing effective control strategies. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the <i>Surra</i> parasitological prevalence, livestock reservoirs, vector density/diversity, and host-related risk factors in Kenya. Random samples of 847, 1079, and 824 camels were screened at the start of the dry season, peak dry season, and during the rainy season, respectively. Blood samples were examined using the dark ground/phase contrast buffy-coat technique, and <i>Trypanosoma</i> species were identified based on their movement and morphology in wet and stained thin smears. Reservoir status for <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> was assessed in 406 cattle and 372 goats. A rainy and dry seasons entomological surveys were conducted to determine the <i>Surra</i> vector abundance/diversity and spatiotemporal density changes. <i>Surra</i> prevalence was 7.1%, 3.4%, and 4.1% at the start of the dry season, peak dry season, and rainy season, respectively. Camel co-infections by <i>Trypanozoon (T. evansi</i> or <i>Trypanosoma brucei brucei</i>) and <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i> were recorded. Spatial variations in <i>Surra</i> prevalence were recorded at the beginning of dry (<i>X</i> _{(7, <i>N</i> = 846)} ² = 110.9, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), peak dry (<i>X</i> _{(7, <i>N</i> = 1079)} ² = 42.2, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), and rainy (<i>X</i> _{(7, <i>N</i> = 824)} ² = 29.1, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) seasons. The screened cattle and goats tested negative for <i>Trypanozoon (T. evansi</i> or <i>T. b. brucei</i>), while two cattle tested positive for <i>Trypanosoma congolense</i>. Biting fly catches were composed of a single species from <i>Tabanus</i>, <i>Atylotus</i>, <i>Philoliche</i>, <i>Chrysops,</i> and <i>Stomoxys</i> genera. The total catches for <i>Philoliche</i>, <i>Chrysops</i>, and <i>Stomoxys</i> were higher in the rainy than dry season consistent with the prevalence results. <i>Surra</i> remains an important camel disease in the region with its prevalence varying in space and time. Camel co-infections by <i>Trypanozoon (T. evansi</i> or <i>T. b. brucei</i>) and <i>T. vivax</i> necessitate proper diagnosis of suspected cases and targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7218073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10162873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}