Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Pigs: A Preliminary Study in Tolon and Kumbungu Districts, Ghana.","authors":"Francis Addy, Gideon Adu-Bonsu, Comfort A Akurigo, Iddrisu Abukari, Hamidatu Suleman, Lydia Quaye","doi":"10.1155/2023/1308329","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1308329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigs are important livestock that contribute to the economy and food security of Ghana, but the productivity of the sector is hindered by factors such as parasitic disease infections. Here, we detected the prevalence and polyparasitism of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs from selected farms in the Tolon and Kumbungu districts. Faeces of the animals were screened for parasite eggs using the sedimentation and flotation methods. From 56 pigs screened, 91.1% (CI = 95%; <i>χ</i>² = 0.212) of them had parasitic infections, and affected pigs harboured 1-5 distinct parasites with the most occurring being <i>Strongyloides ransomi</i> (46.43%). Other parasites identified included <i>Hyostrongylusrubidus</i>, <i>Ascaris suum</i>, <i>Trichuris suis</i>, <i>Physocephalus sexalatus</i>, and Coccidia, among others. Parasitism was more frequent in pigs under 2 years (94%) than older ones (66.67%). The high prevalence of GI parasites was attributed to poor husbandry practices and inadequate of veterinary care for the animals. The situation can be improved by farmer education on good husbandry practices and regular deworming of pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1308329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138500689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Caffeic Acid Derivatives as Potential Antimalarials.","authors":"Katarzyna Sidoryk, Silvia Parapini, Nicoletta Basilico, Magdalena Zaremba-Czogalla, Marek Kubiszewski, Marcin Cybulski, Jerzy Gubernator, Agnieszka Zagórska, Anna Jaromin","doi":"10.1155/2023/6675081","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6675081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New protocol for the preparation of the novel caffeic acid derivatives using the Wittig reaction has been applied to follow the principles of green chemistry. The compounds have been evaluated against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant <i>P. falciparum</i> strains. Their cytotoxicity to normal human dermal fibroblasts and their propensity to induce hemolysis have been also determined. Ethyl (2<i>E</i>)-3-(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropenoate has exhibited the highest antiplasmodial activity against <i>P. falciparum</i> strains without the cytotoxic and hemolytic effects. This derivative is significantly more potent than caffeic acid parent structure. The application of our one-step procedure has been shown to be rapid and efficient. It allows for an easy increase of input data to refine the structure-activity relationship model of caffeates as the antimalarials. The one-step approach meets the conditions of \"atom economy\" and eliminates hazardous materials. Water has been used as the effective medium for the Wittig reaction to avoid toxic organic solvents.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6675081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Three Methods for Diagnosing Trichomoniasis in Female Patients with Sexual Activity Attended at a Hospital in Peru.","authors":"Jaime Rosales-Rimache, Jorge L Inolopú, Fernando C Soncco-Llulluy, Leslie Medina-Ciprian","doi":"10.1155/2023/9528942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9528942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection that mainly affects women. The diagnosis is made by different methods that identify the presence of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>; therefore, sensitivity, specificity, and performance are essential to guarantee an adequate diagnosis. Our study is aimed at comparing three methods for diagnosing trichomoniasis in patients treated at a hospital in Peru during the year 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed a cross-sectional study and enrolled women whose vaginal secretion samples were evaluated by direct examination, Papanicolaou staining, and culture in the Diamond medium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated 134 women with a mean age of 36.6 ± 12.1 years and a beginning of sexual activity of 18.5 ± 3.0 years. We found leukocyte infiltration, fetid odor, and strawberry cervix in 66.4%, 35.1%, and 18.7%. The prevalence of trichomoniasis by the culture method, direct examination, and Papanicolaou was 32.1, 21.6, and 11.2%. The direct examination's sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic performance (AUC) were 65.1%, 98.9%, and 82.0%, while for the Pap smear, they were 32.6%, 98.9%, and 65.7%%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The culture of <i>T. vaginalis</i> is the gold standard for diagnosing trichomoniasis; however, direct examination is a fast, specific alternative with good diagnostic performance. The Pap test has low sensitivity and should not be used in settings where the prevalence and risk factors for trichomoniasis are high.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9528942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10665100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Khaya grandifoliola Stem Bark Ethanol Extract in the Treatment of Cerebral Malaria in Swiss albino Mice Using Plasmodium berghei NK65 Strain","authors":"Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand, Yamssi Cedric, Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia, Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin, Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah Sandra, Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki, Mounvera Abdel Azizi, Vincent Khan Payne","doi":"10.1155/2023/5700782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5700782","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cerebral malaria is one of the most severe and dangerous forms of malaria and is potentially fatal. This study was aimed at evaluating the anticerebral malaria efficacy of Khaya grandifoliola used by traditional healers. Method. Fifty grams of Khaya grandifoliola stem bark was macerated in 1 L ethanol (95%) for 72 h. The filtrate was dried at 40°C until the obtention of a dry extract. The antimalarial test was evaluated using the Peter 4-day suppressive test and the Rane curative test. Mice were group into 6 groups of 6 mice each. For the antioxidant test, parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed. The livers of mice were crushed and centrifuged in order to be measured. Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) using the Dutch Diagnostics Kit and blood were collected for haematological parameters. Results. The ethanol extract showed a suppressive activity of 78.12%, 75.30%, and 68.69% at 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 125 mg/kg, respectively. Similarly, the curative activity showed a statistically significant reduction in parasitemia ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). Antioxidant parameter assays showed a low value of MDA and a high value of SOD, CAT, NO, and GSH in the negative control group. A statistically significant higher values of ASAT and ALAT were observed in the negative control compared to the other test groups ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\"> <mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). Haematological parameters showed a statistically significant decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobin, and platelets in the negative control group ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\"> <mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). Conclusion. The results of this study justify the traditional usage of Khaya grandifoliola in the treatment of cerebral malaria. However, in vivo toxicity assessment is still necessary to verify its safeness.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectoparasite Fauna of Rodents and Shrews with Their Spatial, Temporal, and Dispersal along a Degradation Gradient in Mabira Central Forest Reserve.","authors":"Waswa Sadic Babyesiza,&nbsp;Joseph Mpagi,&nbsp;James Ssuuna,&nbsp;Sisiria Akoth,&nbsp;Abdul Katakweba","doi":"10.1155/2023/7074041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7074041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectoparasites like fleas, mites, and ticks that are key carriers of harmful pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, cestodes, and nematodes live on rodents and shrews. It should be noted that rodents' ecological adaptability makes them suitable as parasite hosts. The main objective of the study was to determine the ectoparasite assemblages in rodents and shrews along a degradation gradient, while comparing infestation levels in different habitats with varying levels of degradation. The study was conducted in Mabira Central Forest Reserve. Ectoparasites were collected following rodent and shrew removal trapping which was done using Sherman's traps set along transects of 200 meters in three habitat strata that included adjacent forest habitats, degraded forest edge, and regenerating forest interior. Data was collected intermittently with a break every two months for one year from November 2018 to December 2019. A total of 1411 rodents and shrews were collected, yielding a total of 5692 ectoparasites from 22 host species (17 rodents and 5 shrews). The most prevalent group of ectoparasites was mites followed by fleas, lice, ticks, and earwig. Ectoparasite prevalence significantly differed depending on hosts species (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and host age (<i>P</i> = 0.022), but not host sex (<i>P</i> = 0.78), while mean infestation significantly varied basing on host species (<i>P</i> = 0.001), host sex (<i>P</i> = 0.001), season (<i>P</i> = 0.001), and habitat (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Prevalence (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and mean infestation (<i>P</i> = 0.001) significantly varied across studied habitats. The study has emphasized the significance of <i>Praomys jacksoni</i> and <i>Hylomyscus stella</i> as significant hosts for mites and <i>S. congicus</i> as a significant host for fleas. Additionally, environment and host characteristics have a bearing on prevalence and infestation of ectoparasites with habitat degradation playing a significant role in the occurrence of ectoparasites, thereby emphasizing its contribution to zoonotic outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7074041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10625493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors Associated to <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection among Patients Attending the Saint Jean de Malte Hospital, Njombe, Littoral Region, Cameroon.","authors":"Ambe Fabrice Ngwa,&nbsp;Pride Tanyi Bobga,&nbsp;Ekwi Damian Nsongmayi,&nbsp;Gedeon Schadrack Yememe Yememe,&nbsp;Judith Ngong Nyeme,&nbsp;Mohamed Isah,&nbsp;Ebai Christabel Ashu,&nbsp;Calvin Bisong Ebai","doi":"10.1155/2023/8674934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8674934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. It has been associated to morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Cameroon, and Njombe-Penja health district is an endemic area. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection among patients attending the Saint Jean de Malte Hospital, Njombe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was employed, with the enrolment of 300 participants using convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool specimens were collected and examined using direct microscopy, Kato-Katz's method, and formol ether concentration technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and chi-square test was used to assess the association. Risk factors for <i>S. mansoni</i> infection were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, and a <i>p</i> < 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection was 13%. <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection was mostly frequent among patients < 20 years and males. Stream usage (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI. 1.32-3.50), always visiting the stream (AOR = 11.35, 95% CI 2.33-55.33), always swimming and washing clothes in the stream (AOR = 7 : 10, 95% CI 2.31-21.80), age group < 20 years (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.1-12.2), and age group 20-29 years (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.14-18.42) were significantly associated with increased risk of <i>S. mansoni</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection is of public health concern in Njombe and its environs. Age of <20 years and between 20 and 29 years, stream usage, always visiting the stream, and always swimming and washing clothes in the stream were the main risk factors of <i>S. mansoni</i> infection. Thus, mass drug administration and health education are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8674934"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71412668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Cattle Trematodiasis and Related Risk Factors in Damot Sore District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Isayas Asefa Kebede, Teshita Edaso Beriso, Tilaye Shibbiru Mengistu, Haben Fesseha Gebremeskel","doi":"10.1155/2023/6687665","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6687665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trematodes are chronic, debilitating diseases in livestock, causing significant economic losses worldwide. From mid-December 2021 to May 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out in the Damot Sore District to estimate the prevalence of trematode infections in cattle and associated risk factors. Trematode eggs were found in 100 of the 384 faecal samples tested, with an overall prevalence of 26.04% (95% CI: 21.88-30.69%). The prevalence for <i>Fasciola</i>, <i>Paramphistome</i>, and <i>Schistosoma</i> species were 12.50%, 5.21%, and 0, respectively. Moreover, the infection rate with two parasites was 8.33%. The data were then examined further using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. As a result, age was the only potential predictor identified to influence trematode infections in cattle among the potential predictors considered. Furthermore, old cattle were more likely to be infected with trematodiasis nearly 12 times (OR = 11.5) that of young cattle, and this difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas other risk factors considered were statistically insignificant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). According to the findings of this study, cattle trematodiasis is a moderately common disease in the study area. As a result, additional research on the meteorological conditions of snail infection was forwarded, along with other points to reduce the disease problem in livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6687665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case-Control Seroprevalence Survey of Toxoplasmosis in Hemodialysis Patients and Healthy Subjects in Kazeroon and Jahrom Districts in Fars Province, Southern Iran.","authors":"Shahin Kadkhodaei,&nbsp;Zahra Kargar Jahromi,&nbsp;Ali Taghipour,&nbsp;Hassan Rezanezhad,&nbsp;Kavous Solhjoo","doi":"10.1155/2023/8251462","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8251462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opportunistic parasites such as <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>) are capable of causing neurological and ocular manifestations in patients undergoing hemodialysis. By designing a matched case-control study, we conducted a seromolecular survey of <i>T. gondii</i> in hemodialysis patients compared to a healthy group from Jahrom and Kazeroon cities in Fars Province, Iran. For this purpose, 75 hemodialysis patients from Kazeroon city, 75 hemodialysis patients from Jahrom city, and 75 healthy individuals were recruited for the study. The serum levels of specific immunoglobulins (IgG/IgM) in the case and control groups were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Also, buffy coat samples were used to extract genomic DNA. Then, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was accomplished using the RE and GRA6 genes of <i>T. gondii</i>. A standard questionnaire containing demographic factors was administered. Although the seroprevalence of the anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibody in hemodialysis patients from Kazeroon (18.66% (14/75)) and Jahrom (25.33% (19/75)) was higher than that in the control group (13.33% (10/75)), no statistically significant difference was observed between the case and control groups (<i>P</i> value = 0.373 from Kazeroon and <i>P</i> value = 0.354 from Jahrom). Among the studied variables, only residence (urban) was significantly associated with the anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibody in the case group from Kazeroon. Also, no IgM antibody titers and DNA of <i>T. gondii</i> were detected in the case and control groups from both cities. Although high seroprevalence of anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibody was seen in hemodialysis patients, further epidemiological studies with larger samples need to be done in Jahrom and Kazeroon cities and in other parts of Iran. It is also necessary for health officials to establish programs for the prevention and control of <i>T. gondii</i> infection in hemodialysis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8251462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10560106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria, Urogenital Schistosomiasis, and Anaemia in Pregnant Ghanaian Women.","authors":"Naa Adjeley Frempong,&nbsp;Charity Ahiabor,&nbsp;William K Anyan,&nbsp;Atikatou Mama,&nbsp;Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi,&nbsp;Michael F Ofori,&nbsp;Bright Adu,&nbsp;Alex Yaw Debrah,&nbsp;Abraham K Anang,&nbsp;Nicaise T Ndam,&nbsp;David Courtin","doi":"10.1155/2023/7500676","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7500676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anaemia is common in sub-Saharan Africa, and parasitic infections could worsen its burden during pregnancy. Moreover, women become susceptible to malaria during pregnancy. We investigated <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (<i>P. falciparum</i>) and <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> (<i>S. haematobium</i>) infections and determined their association with anaemia during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving 707 pregnant women attending antenatal care visits (ANC) and 446 at delivery was conducted in Battor and Adidome hospitals. Pregnant women were screened by microscopy and qPCR for <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>S. haematobium</i> infections. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels were determined, and most participants received intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) during ANC till delivery. Regression analyses were performed for associations between parasite infection and anaemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>P. falciparum</i> microscopy prevalence at ANC and delivery was 8% and 2%, respectively, and by PCR 24% at ANC and 12% at delivery. Anaemia prevalence at ANC was 52% and 49% at delivery. There was an increased risk of anaemia with <i>P. falciparum</i> infection (aOR = 1.92; <i>p</i> = 0.04). IPTp (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and age (<i>p</i> = 0.004) were associated with increased Hb levels at delivery. <i>S. haematobium</i> prevalence by microscopy was 4% at ANC and 2% at delivery. No significant correlation between <i>S. haematobium</i> and Hb levels was observed (coef. = -0.62 g/dl; <i>p</i> = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High anaemia prevalence was observed during pregnancy, and <i>P. falciparum</i> infection was associated with anaemia at ANC. Low <i>S. haematobium</i> prevalence could be attributed to previous praziquantel treatment during mass drug administration. Routine diagnosis and treatment of <i>S. haematobium</i> infections in endemic areas could be initiated to reduce schistosomiasis during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7500676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10558271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41176489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Prevalence and Status of Anthelmintic Resistance of Goats' Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Mirab Abaya, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Behailu Negash,&nbsp;Wasihun Seyoum,&nbsp;Desie Sheferaw","doi":"10.1155/2023/9945998","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9945998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goats are an important source of livelihood especially for smallholder communities. But gastrointestinal nematodosis is the greatest threats of goat production. A repeated cross-sectional and field experimental study design was conducted from December 2020 to August 2021 in Mirab Abaya district, with the aim of seasonal prevalence gastrointestinal nematode infection and assessment of anthelmintic resistance. A systematic random sampling strategy was used to select the study goats. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infections of goats in the study area was 57.9% (95% CI: 54.4-61.4), of which 48.7% (95% CI: 43.7-53.7) and 67.2% (95% CI: 62.3-71.7) accounted to dry and wet seasons, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that season, age, sex, and flock size were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) influenced the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infection of goats. The number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was ranged from 100 to 2500. The overall mean egg per gram of faeces (EPG) was 461.1 ± 20.9. The mean EPG of wet season (532.7 ± 28.6) was higher than the dry season (362.3 ± 29.1). From faecal culture, 552 nematode larvae were recovered, and the most commonly identified nematode genera were <i>Haemonchus</i> (36.4%) that followed by <i>Trichostrongylus</i> (28.1%), <i>Oesophagostomum</i> (15.4%), <i>Bunostomum</i> (11.4), <i>Teladorsagia</i> (5.4%), and <i>Strongyloides</i> (3.0%) species. From the anthelmintic resistance test in the field, the percentage reduction and 95% confidence limit of albendazole were 96% (84.2-99.0) and 97.0% (84.6-99.4) in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Here, the lower limit of 95% CI was less than 90% both in dry and wet seasons; and hence, albendazole was suspected for resistance development by gastrointestinal nematode. From a pooled faecal culture that collected from albendazole-treated goats, <i>Haemonchus</i> species was recovered. Therefore, due attention shall be by animal health professionals in the area in the use of albendazole. Animal health extension work to create awareness of how anthelmintic is used is helpful in reducing the risk. Changing the type of anthelmintic drug after using for some period will minimize the risk of anthelmintic resistance development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9945998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10545473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}