Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports最新文献

{"title":"Functional Outcome of Femoral Neck Fractures with Posterior Comminution Managed by Dynamic Hip Screw with Fibular Strut Grafting: A Case Series Study.","authors":"M S Swaroop, K Mohith Rajeek, G Ramakrishna Reddy, Y Thimma Reddy","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8320","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Femoral neck fractures with posterior comminution are associated with instability, impaired fracture healing and a higher risk of fixation failure. In young and middle-aged patients, preservation of the femoral head is preferred and stable internal fixation remains a challenge due to posterior cortical defects. Augmentation with a fibular strut graft may enhance mechanical stability and promote union.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of femoral neck fractures with posterior comminution treated using dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation combined with a non-vascularized fibular strut graft.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective case series included six patients aged between 20 and 60 years with radiologically confirmed femoral neck fractures with posterior comminution. All patients underwent closed reduction and internal fixation using a DHS with augmentation by a non-vascularized fibular strut graft. Postoperatively, patients followed a standardized rehabilitation protocol. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Modified Harris hip score at 3 and 6 months of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 3 months, outcomes were excellent in three patients, good in two and poor in one. By 6 months, functional status remained stable in the five patients with good or excellent results, while the patient with a poor outcome showed further deterioration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DHS fixation augmented with a non-vascularized fibular strut graft provides satisfactory short-term functional outcomes in femoral neck fractures with posterior comminution.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"478-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Coagulation Monitoring via Thromboelastography and Platelet Mapping in Total Hip Arthroplasty for a Patient with Factor XI Deficiency: A Case Report.","authors":"Luisa Londoño, Adolfo Llinás, Fernando Raffán-Sanabria","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8244","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Factor XI deficiency (hemophilia C) presents significant perioperative challenges during major orthopedic procedures due to highly unpredictable bleeding phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 67-year-old female with severe hip osteoarthritis and Factor XI deficiency (baseline activity 63.4%) underwent total right hip arthroplasty. Despite pre-operative factor correction using Fresh Frozen Plasma, persistent intraoperative microvascular bleeding occurred. While standard thromboelastography showed normal clot kinetics, automated platelet mapping revealed severe inhibition in the adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid pathways, secondary to chronic, self-medicated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use. Prompt intraoperative platelet apheresis successfully achieved hemostasis. Post-operative recovery was uneventful following mechanical and pharmacological thromboprophylaxis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Standard coagulation profiles do not guarantee surgical hemostasis in patients with mild inherited coagulopathies. Point-of-care platelet mapping is an essential tool to identify hidden drug-induced platelet dysfunction, guiding targeted therapies and ensuring optimal surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"223-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Case of Operated Right Total Knee Arthroplasty with Implant Loosening and Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis.","authors":"Mohd Zafer Noor Mohd Satvilkar, Shekhar Prakash Malve, Utkarsh Kailashnath Vishwakarma","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8182","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A 52-year-old male operated elsewhere with the right total knee arthroplasty 5 years ago presented with complaints of pain and swelling in his right knee and difficulty in walking. Radiographs revealed implant loosening with Anderson Orthopedic Research Institute classification type 3 bone defect in the femur and tibia. Right knee effusion was aspirated which was reddish tinged, most likely traumatic; C-reactive protein was within normal limits, and culture and sensitivity showed no growth. The aspirate was not classically bloody or chocolate colored as may be seen in pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS).</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>The diagnosis of PVNS was not established preoperatively and occult infection could not be excluded with certainty in a painful, loose total knee arthroplasty (TKA), therefore, a staged revision strategy was selected. The first stage consisted of debridement, implant removal, extensive synovectomy and placement of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer. Histopathology subsequently confirmed PVNS. Revision TKA was performed 4 weeks later after clinical reassessment and normalization of inflammatory markers. The revision restored alignment and allowed pain-free ambulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were no surgical site complications and no symptoms pointing toward recurrence of PVNS. The SF-12 score, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score, Knee Society Score, and Oxford Knee Score for his right knee calculated 1 and ½ years postoperatively showed significant improvement from his pre-operative values.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridge over Troubled Tendon? A Novel Case of Heterotopic Ossification of Lister's Tubercle Causing Extensor Pollicis Longus Tenosynovitis.","authors":"Anna Barclay, Victor Greco","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8194","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Distal radius fractures are a common injury in adults, and surgical treatment frequently consists of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with a volar plate and screws. Uncommonly, heterotopic ossification (HO) may form as a result of inflammation secondary to trauma in the wrist, and once formed, surgical excision is the only effective treatment.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A healthy 57-year-old male presents with thumb pain and decreased range of motion 2 years postoperatively of a distal radius ORIF with notable dorsal comminution. Physical examination was significant for pain, weakness, and decreased range of motion with thumb extension. After initial evaluation, the patient felt a popping sensation with subsequent improvement of pain and range of motion, but he continued to have weakness with thumb extension. Radiographic evaluation revealed significant ectopic bone formation over Lister's tubercle as well as one screw protruding from the dorsal cortex of the distal radius by 3 mm. Surgical treatment revealed bridging bone creating a tunnel encasing the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon with extensive tenosynovitis but without fraying. Surgery consisted of HO excision, tenosynovium debridement, screw removal, and transposition of the EPL tendon superficial to the extensor retinaculum. At follow-up, the patient had decreased pain and restoration of range of motion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first case report demonstrating HO of the dorsal distal radius about Lister's tubercle, which caused functional limitations and tenosynovitis of the EPL tendon for a patient 2 years postoperatively from a distal radius ORIF for distal radius fracture with dorsal comminution; patient had improvement after surgical intervention with HO excision and screw removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"80-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superficial Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Uncommon Vascular Complication.","authors":"Chandeep Singh, Sayam Ghosh, Shitij Kacker, Shobhit Taneja, Sanjiv Kumar Singh Marya, Amit Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8234","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Total knee arthroplasty is widely recognized as a major advancement in orthopedic surgery, yet vascular complications, though rare, remain a clinically significant concern. While the popliteal artery is most frequently affected, isolated involvement of a more proximal vessel such as the superficial femoral artery (SFA) has been documented, although only in scattered case reports. Reported events range from hemorrhage to pseudoaneurysm formation and may occur months after surgery, making timely recognition of these injuries essential for preventing limb-threatening consequences.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report a 72-year-old male with swelling in his right thigh 4 weeks following a bilateral total knee replacement. After physical examination, radiographs, Doppler, and computed tomography angiography, a probable diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm from the SFA was made. It was confirmed on peripheral angiography through the common femoral artery and was embolized successfully by coiling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The author advocates the occurrence of pseudoaneurysm to the possibility of a tourniquet injury at the time of knee arthroplasty or an anesthetic procedure (post-operative block for analgesia) as the inciting event.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"198-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Cauda Equina Syndrome in Rapid Succession: A Case Series of Eight Consecutive Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgical Decompression Over One Week.","authors":"Sunil Khemka, Sandesh Subhash Agrawal, Manindra Bhushan, Pritam Agrawal, Ambrish Verma, Ram Khemka","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8318","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare but devastating spinal surgical emergency, most commonly caused by lumbar disc herniation. Delayed diagnosis or decompression may result in irreversible neurological and sphincter dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective single-Center case series included eight consecutive patients with acute CES who underwent emergency surgical decompression over 1 week at a tertiary spine care center. Clinical presentation, radiological findings, surgical management, and 6-month post-operative outcomes were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort included six males and two females (mean age: 43.1 ± 9.8 years). Urinary dysfunction was present in all patients; five (62.5%) had CES with retention (CESR) and three (37.5%) had incomplete CES (CESI). Saddle anesthesia and motor weakness were observed in 75% and 62.5% of patients, respectively. L4-L5 was the most commonly involved level. Five patients underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and three underwent decompression with microdiscectomy. The mean interval from bladder symptom onset to surgery was 26.8 ± 11.4 h. At 6 months, complete neurological and sphincter recovery was achieved in five patients (62.5%), partial recovery in two (25%), and persistent bowel/bladder dysfunction in one (12.5%). Patients with CESI demonstrated better recovery than those with CESR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early recognition, urgent magnetic resonance imaging, and timely surgical decompression are essential for optimizing neurological and bladder recovery in acute CES. Better recovery was observed among patients presenting with CESI than among those with established urinary retention. These findings reinforce the importance of prompt recognition, urgent diagnostic evaluation, and emergency surgical management before further neurological deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"470-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Efficacy of Intra-articular Growth Factor Concentrate in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ashim Gupta, Surya Prakash Sharma, A Navaladi Shankar, Madhan Jeyaraman","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8360","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8360","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"642-644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Study of Functional Outcome of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Proximal Femur in Adults Treated with Proximal Femoral Nail.","authors":"Akhil M, Amrit Singh, Yakshit Gera","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8356","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intertrochanteric (IT) fractures require stable fixation and early mobilization. This study evaluated the functional and radiological outcomes of proximal femoral nailing (PFN) in adults with IT fractures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months in 48 patients aged 18-80 years with radiologically confirmed IT fractures treated with PFN. Functional outcome was assessed using the Modified Harris Hip Score (HHS) at 3 and 6 months. Radiological outcome was assessed using the radiographic union score for hip (RUSH), fracture alignment, and implant position. Post-operative complications were documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 56.37 years, and 62.50% were male. Accidental falls were the most common mechanism of injury (64.58%). The mean injury-to-surgery interval was 15.89 days, and the mean operative duration was 65.34 min. Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen A2.2 fractures were most frequent (37.50%). Excellent or good functional outcomes increased from 50.00% at 3 months to 91.66% at 6 months, with a mean HHS of 88.75. A RUSH score of ≥26 was achieved in 70.83% of patients. Anatomical/acceptable alignment was observed in 83.34%, and optimal/acceptable implant position in 95.82%. Varus collapse and lateral migration of proximal screws were the most common post-operative complications (25.00% each). No non-union or mortality occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this single-center prospective observational cohort, PFN was associated with satisfactory functional and radiological outcomes at 6 months. Because the study had no comparator group, the findings describe outcomes after PFN and should not be interpreted as evidence of superiority over other fixation methods. Mechanical complications, particularly varus collapse and lateral migration of proximal screws, warrant attention to reduction, implant positioning, and follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"625-634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staged Bilateral Total Elbow Arthroplasty in Advanced Rheumatoid Elbow Disease: A Case Report.","authors":"Rui Nobre Chaves, Sara Machado Neves, Afonso Teles, Henrique Lascasas Pinto, Rita Coelho Lopes, António Lemos Lopes","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8224","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) remains a valuable surgical option for end-stage rheumatoid elbow disease, particularly in elderly, low-demand patients with painful joint destruction and functional loss. Bilateral elbow involvement can severely compromise self-care and independence, and staged bilateral TEA requires careful patient selection and realistic counseling.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report a 79-year-old female with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and glaucoma, with a relevant surgical history that included right total hip arthroplasty, bilateral total knee arthroplasty, bilateral hallux valgus correction, cataract surgery, and bilateral carpal tunnel release. She was referred to the orthopedic clinic in May 2018 with severe bilateral elbow pain, worse on the right side, progressive loss of motion, and declining autonomy. Imaging showed advanced articular destruction and a reducible dislocation of the right elbow. There were no ulnar nerve symptoms or distal neurovascular deficits. After clinical and radiological assessment and departmental discussion, right TEA was performed in December 2019, with marked pain relief and functional improvement. Due to progression of contralateral disease, left TEA was performed in October 2024. The post-operative course was uneventful, with progressive functional recovery. At the most recent follow-up, the patient reported no elbow pain, good bilateral upper-limb function, and high satisfaction with the staged treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Staged bilateral TEA can provide clinically meaningful pain relief and restoration of autonomy in selected patients with advanced rheumatoid elbow destruction. This case highlights the importance of assessing the global upper-limb functional burden and planning treatment according to patient frailty, comorbidities, expectations, and bilateral disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"168-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft-Tissue Closure through Acute Deformation and Gradual Correction Using Taylor Spatial Frame in a Gustilo-Anderson Type IIIB Open Tibial Pilon Fracture: A Case Report.","authors":"Özgür Karakoyun, Ahmet Hamdi Olçar","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8172","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Purpose: Gustilo-Anderson Type IIIB open tibial fractures resulting from high-energy trauma present significant challenges for both skeletal stabilization and soft-tissue reconstruction. We present a case of successful management using acute deformation and gradual correction with the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF), without the need for free tissue transfer, and discuss the clinical value of this approach in the context of contemporary literature.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 32-year-old male with a gunshot-related distal tibial Type IIIB open fracture presented with a failed skin graft and a persistent soft-tissue defect. A 110° acute varus deformity was created with TSF to allow tension-free primary wound closure. Deformity correction was performed gradually using computer-assisted TSF software. The resulting limb shortening was addressed with proximal tibial corticotomy and distraction osteogenesis. At 7 months, infection-free healing and functional limb recovery were achieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In selected open fractures with soft-tissue loss, controlled acute deformity at the fracture site allows primary wound closure, after which anatomical alignment can be gradually restored with TSF. Current systematic reviews and multicenter studies support the artificial deformity creating technique as a means of reducing the need for microsurgery and enabling safe limb salvage when appropriate patient selection is applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"16 10","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}