Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports最新文献

{"title":"Emerging Trends in Distal Femur Fracture Treatment Modalities - A Narrative Review.","authors":"Sachin Kale, Sanjay Dhar, Pramod Bhor, Ashish Phadnis, Arvind Vatkar, Rohan Jayaram","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent advancements in the treatment of distal femoral fractures have significantly shifted toward more advanced fixation techniques and approaches. The variety of fracture patterns across different age groups complicates the establishment of a standardized treatment protocol upon presentation, thus making it difficult to establish defined protocols to follow in routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This review analyzes existing literature and research studies on traditional methods, such as plating, intramedullary nailing, and distal femoral replacement, alongside emerging techniques, such as nail-plate combinations, dual-plate constructs, and non-conventional approaches in patients presenting with distal femoral fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A total of 3,880 patients treated for distal femoral fractures were included across 40 publications, aiming to provide a narrative of future management strategies that potentially end in significantly better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"215-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Outcome of Radial Head Fracture Treated with Open Reduction Internal Fixation using Plating Versus Herbert Screw Fixation: A Case Series.","authors":"Vinod Nair, Vishal Patil, Setu Kaneria, Harsh Kumar, Amogh Todkar, Meet Shah","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radial head fractures can be addressed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using either plating or Herbert screw fixation. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the functional outcomes of these two techniques.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 patients who underwent surgery for radial head fractures between June 2020 and July 2023. Patients were assessed using the modified Mason classification and underwent ORIF with either plating or Herbert screws.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This retrospective study evaluated 30 patients with radial head fractures treated between June 2020 and July 2023, comparing outcomes between ORIF with plating versus Herbert screw fixation. The mean age was 45.45 years (standard deviation 12.74). Fractures were evenly classified as Mason type II (15 cases) and Mason type III (15 cases). Patients treated with Herbert screws showed better functional outcomes with higher mayo elbow performance scores (86 ± 2.74 vs. 80 ± 4.47) and lower Quick disability of arm, shoulder, and hand scores (6.4 ± 1.14 vs. 9.6 ± 1.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Herbert screw fixation for radial head fractures results in better functional outcomes and fewer complications than plating. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glenoid Paralabral Cysts Causing Shoulder Pain and Isolated Infraspinatus Weakness: Early Arthroscopic Decompression and Labral Repair Leads to Complete Recovery: A Case Series.","authors":"Nandu M S Nair, B H Banarji, Kamal Jain, Aditya Reddy","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Shoulder pain in young patients can be caused by various conditions such as tendinitis, bursitis, capsulitis, and labral tears. Superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears can sometimes be associated with a paralabral cyst, which can compress the suprascapular nerve and cause isolated weakness of the infraspinatus muscle and present as shoulder pain. A detailed examination and proper investigation can help in early diagnosis of such cases. Arthroscopic decompression and SLAP repair lead to complete recovery and excellent outcomes in such patients.</p><p><strong>Cases report: </strong>We had four young patients who presented to our clinic with a history of shoulder pain and difficulty performing overhead activities. Upon examination, all four exhibited painful active shoulder range of motion and isolated infraspinatus muscle weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained as part of a routine investigation, revealing SLAP tears with paralabral glenoid cysts compressing the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch. MRI also indicated signs of denervation in the infraspinatus muscle in all patients. All patients underwent arthroscopic labral repair with intra-articular decompression of the paralabral cyst. Post-surgery rehabilitation commenced with simple pendulum exercises, followed by periscapular and rotator cuff strengthening exercises. All four patients showed excellent recovery at follow-up, with painless active shoulder range of motion and regained full power of the infraspinatus muscle with return to sports by 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Labral tears associated with paralabral cysts can present with isolated infraspinatus weakness due to suprascapular nerve compression at the spinoglenoid notch. A high index of suspicion and thorough clinical examination are required to identify these patients. Early detection and treatment with intra-articular cyst decompression with labral repair followed by a thorough rehabilitation program led to complete recovery in these cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"189-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healing Against the Odds: Successful Bone Union in Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture Despite Z-Effect and Implant Failure.","authors":"Kushal Gohil, Sangeet Gawhale, Niranjan Sunil Ghag, Karthik Subhas Chavan, Abhay Sudam Surjuse, Akshay D Punekar","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intertrochanteric femur fractures are common in the elderly, often resulting from low-energy trauma such as falls. Standard treatment typically involves internal fixation, which generally leads to good outcomes. However, complications like the Z-effect, where proximal screws of an intramedullary nail migrate in opposite directions, and implant failure can significantly impact healing.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 58-year-old male patient sustained an intertrochanteric femur fracture following a fall. The fracture was treated with an intramedullary nail. Postoperatively, the patient developed the Z-effect, characterized by the migration of proximal screws in opposite directions. Subsequently, the implant failed, resulting in a broken nail and screw. Despite these complications, radiographic evaluations over time revealed progressive healing, and the patient eventually achieved complete bony union.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the potential for successful bone healing even in the presence of significant complications such as the Z-effect and implant failure. The patient's complete bony union despite these challenges emphasizes the importance of diligent follow-up and adaptive management strategies in orthopedic practice. This case contributes to the understanding of fracture healing dynamics and highlights the resilience of bone healing mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Interventions in Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis Affecting the Spine: A Case Report with Literature Review.","authors":"Josip Lovaković, Tihomir Banić, Tin Ehrenfreund, Miroslav Vukić, Mislav Čavka, Marijan Frković","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare, skeletal, autoinflammatory disorder that predominantly affects young females. In this case-based review, we present a girl with progressive CRMO affecting the spine and causing spinal cord compression that required two surgical interventions.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 10-year-old girl was presented to the pediatric rheumatologist because of diffuse back pain radiating to her legs, a waddling gait, and sensitivity to palpation in the caudal cervical vertebral region for the past several months. During the extensive multidisciplinary evaluation, spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed C7 vertebral body collapse requiring reconstructive surgery. The pathohistological findings of the vertebral body samples indicated chronic inflammation, whereas the microbiological analysis was negative. Because CRMO was suspected, indomethacin therapy was started with slow regression of initial symptoms and further regular controls by surgeon and pediatric rheumatologist. Six months after the first operation, without any symptoms, the patient underwent regular control X-ray of the cervical spine, which revealed C6 vertebral body collapse. Soon after the second reconstructive surgery, she presented with subacute thoracic pain due to Th7 vertebral collapse, as verified by repeated MRI. No other skeletal lesions were detected. Finally, the tumor necrosis factor inhibitor adalimumab was initiated, which resulted in the slow resolution of pain and the lack of new symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spine involvement in CRMO can lead to serious deformities and even life-threatening fractures. Effective multidisciplinary cooperation involving experienced surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, and rheumatologists is crucial for accurate diagnosis and timely combined management of CRMO and possible complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management Protocol of Hawkins Type 3 Comminuted Fracture Neck of Talus Case Series.","authors":"Ashish Agrawal, Naman Gupta, Abhishek Jaiswal, Vivek Singh, Ashish Patidar, Yash Shihora","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Talus fractures are troublesome injuries. It is very difficult to achieve good functional and radiological outcome in Hawkins type 3 comminuted fracture neck of talus.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>In our study, 7 cases of Hawkins type 3 comminuted fracture neck of talus were operated in R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain between August 2020 to August 2023 with the sequence of early closed reduction of dislocation and application of external fixator (SPAN) on the day of admission, followed by 3 dimensional computed tomography - scanning (SCAN) and then, definitive surgery through open reduction of fracture (through dual incision approach) and internal fixation with cannulated cancellous screws (FIX) along with Primary bone grafting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With the surgical management protocol followed by us, the union was achieved in all 7 cases. Hawkins sign was seen in all 7 cases by 10 weeks post-operatively. There was no incidence of complications, such as wound dehiscence and infections post-operatively. The present study had a minimum follow-up of 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our Surgical management protocol led to excellent functional and radiological outcomes in all cases. Patients were able to return to their pre-injury functional activities along with full-weight-bearing walking without support within 6 months of surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"200-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locked Neglected Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Treated With Open Reduction and Latarjet Procedure: A Case Report.","authors":"I Ibad Sha, Ibrahim S Majeed","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neglected anterior shoulder dislocations are rare and present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to progressive anatomical changes over time. Chronic cases often involve joint instability, bone erosion, and soft-tissue contractures, requiring complex surgical management.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present the case of a 45-year-old male with a 6-month-old neglected anterior shoulder dislocation, initially misdiagnosed, and unsuccessfully managed with a closed reduction. Imaging revealed a significant Hill- Sachs lesion and minimal glenoid bone loss. Open reduction with the Latarjet procedure was performed through a deltopectoral approach to restore joint stability. Postoperatively, the patient showed substantial functional improvement with forward flexion of 150° at 6 months and minimal complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in shoulder dislocations to prevent chronicity and the need for complex surgical procedures. The Latarjet procedure proved effective in managing chronic dislocations with significant bone loss, providing reliable stabilization and functional recovery. Early imaging and individualized treatment planning are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"146-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother to Child Non-Vascularized Fibula Transfer in Congenital Pseudoarthrosis of Tibia.","authors":"Mohammed Sadiq, Anudeep Manne, Rohith Reddy Kasam, Kothalanka Udaya Kumar, Libin Bernnabas","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital pseudoarthrosis tibia (CPT) is a relatively rare disease, characterized by anterolateral bowing of the tibia, non-union, and limb length discrepancy. Various surgical treatments have been described in literature for its management with differing favorable outcomes.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>In this report, we present a case of 3-year-old child with CPT of Crawford type IV, with associated fibular dysplasia. Maternal fibula was harvested and used as a bone graft and was stabilized by intra-medullary fixation. Complete union was achieved at 1 year after the primary surgery. No re-fractures were seen in a follow-up period of 2 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using maternal fibula as an alternative to use as a bone graft in the management of congenital pseudoarthrosis tibia may prove beneficial. Moreover, it is cheaper and readily available and needs less surgical expertise when compared to its alternatives such as use of bone morphogenetic protein 7, allogenic cadaveric grafting, or use of vascularized fibular graft.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Multiple Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Doses in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty using Kinematic Alignment without Tourniquet Application show any Difference in Blood Loss, Transfusion Requirements and Hospital Stays: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Farhan Ahmed, Gautam Chatterji, Udit Agrawal, K S Ankitha, Sourav Shukla","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly effective treatment for patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, but it often results in significant blood loss, which can lead to complications. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used to reduce blood loss during surgeries, including TKA. However, its effectiveness in the context of kinematic alignment without a tourniquet has not been well-studied, particularly within the Indian population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of multiple intravenous doses of TXA on blood loss, transfusion requirements, and hospital stays in patients undergoing TKA with kinematic alignment without a tourniquet.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 patients aged 50-75 years undergoing unilateral primary TKA. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A (single dose of TXA and two doses of saline), Group B (single dose of TXA and two doses of TXA), and Group C (three doses of TXA). Blood loss, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, packed cell volume (PCV), and length of hospital stay were measured preoperatively and on post-operative days 1 and 3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a significant reduction in blood loss across all groups, with Group C (multiple doses of TXA) showing the greatest reduction in Hb and PCV levels, though no significant differences were found between groups. The total blood loss and maximum Hb drop were similar between groups. No patients required blood transfusions, and there were no major complications such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Length of hospital stay was not significantly different between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple intravenous doses of TXA in patients undergoing TKA with kinematic alignment and without a tourniquet reduced blood loss, but the reduction was less than reported in studies involving conventional TKA with tourniquet use. Additional doses of TXA did not significantly affect blood loss, transfusion requirements, or hospital stay. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings and explore optimal strategies for blood management in TKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"281-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Level Closed Wedge Osteotomy for Bilateral Genu Valgus with Isolated Tibial Angulation Deformity: A Case Report.","authors":"Saqib Yasin, Mayank Rajput, Shambhavi Rajiva, L M Gupta","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The term \"Genu valgus\" originates from the Latin \"Genu\" meaning Knee and \"valgus\" is bent outward; referring to an outward angular deformity in the knee joint which is commonly seen in children. In Genu Valgus, there is lateral deviation of the mechanical axis of the lower limb which leads to an abnormal loading force significantly affecting knee movements and maltracking of the patella. Genu valgus (femorotibial alignment) of more than 12° above 8 years of age is considered pathological and needs correction.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report a case of a 17-year-old skeletally matured male who presented with progressive deformity in bilateral knees of 6 years duration with complaints of difficulty in walking, running, and worsening knee pain. After careful assessment, investigations, and pre-operative planning, the patient was found to have an isolated bilateral tibial origin valgus deformity with no femoral contribution to the valgus deformity; which is very rare. An individual was managed with a serial Single-level Proximal Medial Closed Wedge Osteotomy of both sides at an interval of 3 months with good correction of the deformity. At the final follow-up, the patient reported a good functional result following the corrective osteotomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A Single Level Proximal Medial Tibial Closed Wedge Osteotomy is a safe and appropriate strategy to manage the rare cases of idiopathic bilateral genu valgum with tibia valga in the absence of any femoral component. Genu valgum may not always be due to distal femoral deformity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}