Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association最新文献_第7页

Where women work and the hazards they may face on the job. 妇女在哪里工作以及她们在工作中可能面临的危险。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

J M Stellman

引用次数: 0

A historical perspective of some occupationally related diseases of women. 妇女某些职业病的历史概况。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

P F Infante, J Pesák

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Occupation and ovarian cancer: a case-control study in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area, 1978-1981. 职业与卵巢癌:1978-1981年华盛顿市区病例对照研究

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

P Hartge, P Stewart

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Mortality rates in a female cohort following asbestos exposure in Germany. 德国接触石棉后女性队列的死亡率

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

J A Rösler, H J Woitowitz, H J Lange, R H Woitowitz, K Ulm, K Rödelsperger

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Cancer mortality patterns among female and male workers employed in a cable manufacturing plant during World War II. 第二次世界大战期间电缆制造厂男女工人的癌症死亡率模式。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

E M Ward, A M Ruder, A Suruda, A B Smith, W Halperin, C A Fessler, S H Zahm

{"title":"Cancer mortality patterns among female and male workers employed in a cable manufacturing plant during World War II.","authors":"E M Ward, A M Ruder, A Suruda, A B Smith, W Halperin, C A Fessler, S H Zahm","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A cohort mortality study was conducted among 9028 (3042 women, 5986 men) workers potentially exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes (chloracnegens structurally similar to dioxins) and asbestos in the manufacture of Navy cable during World War II. Based on mortality through December 31, 1985, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all cancers was 1.03 in women (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9 to 1.17) and 1.18 in men (95% CI = 1.10 to 1.26). There were no significant elevations in causes of death hypothesized a prior to be associated with chlorinated naphthalene exposure (malignant neoplasms [MN] of connective tissue, liver, and lymphatic and hematopoietic organs). An excess of MN of the connective tissue was suggested for workers with over 1 year of exposure and 25 years of latency (SMR = 3.54; 95% CI = 0.97 to 9.07). Among cancer sites not hypothesized to be related a priori, three showed concordant excesses among both genders (MN of stomach; rectum; and trachea, bronchus, and lung). No significant elevations occurred in hormonally related cancers among women. Cancer mortality among 460 individuals with chloracne (431 men, 29 women) was similar to that of the entire cohort, although the chloracne subcohort showed significant excesses in two rare causes of death (MN of esophagus, SMR = 3.26; \"benign and unspecified neoplasms,\" SMR = 4.93). Use of county referent rates decreased SMRs for stomach, rectal, and buccal cavity cancer, suggesting a role for nonoccupational risk factors. It is difficult to draw conclusions about carcinogenicity of chlorinated naphthalenes because of study limitations, most importantly, concomitant asbestos exposure and the relatively short duration of exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes among most of the cohort.","PeriodicalId":16617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association","volume":"36 8","pages":"860-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18807479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure assessment and gender differences. 暴露评估和性别差异。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

G N Greenberg, J M Dement

{"title":"Exposure assessment and gender differences.","authors":"G N Greenberg, J M Dement","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure assessments for occupational epidemiological studies are typically conducted to (1) establish risk gradients with exposure, evaluating a potential causal relationship, or (2) estimate exposure-response dosimetry for quantitative risk calculations. Unavailable quantitative exposure data require use of surrogate or qualitative measures. Differences in women's employment patterns may make surrogate measures less reliable, resulting in systematic errors. Exposures associated with traditionally female careers have not been fully evaluated. Occupational cohorts are often defined to include workers with a minimum employment duration or employment for some minimum time in exposure-related jobs, thereby excluding many women workers. Even when included among studied and exposed worker cohorts, women's domestic exposures may confound risk evaluation. Male/female differences in xenobiotic uptake, distribution, kinetics, and metabolism may affect the relationship between external exposure and resulting biologically effective dose. Clinical factors alter the recognition of disease among women workers, confounding risk determination. Recognizing these problems during design and analysis of occupational cancer epidemiology research is essential to develop valid preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":16617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association","volume":"36 8","pages":"907-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18806662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women in the formaldehyde industry: their exposures and their jobs. 甲醛行业的女性:她们的暴露和她们的工作。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

P A Stewart, A Blair

{"title":"Women in the formaldehyde industry: their exposures and their jobs.","authors":"P A Stewart, A Blair","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have examined disease risks for women separately from risks for men, but few have examined exposure differences. This report used data from an epidemiological study of formaldehyde workers to compare formaldehyde exposures between men and women. Exposures were estimated from historical monitoring results, walk-through workplace surveys, interviews with long-term workers, and reviews of historical records. The mean of the exposures in the first job, the last job, and the highest exposed job were calculated by gender. Differences were found when all subjects were included in the analysis (men having higher exposures, on average, than women), but when nonexposed subjects were removed (40% of women, 6% of men), differences were minor. There was a substantial difference in the estimated peak exposure between men and women that decreased, but remained, when only exposed subjects were included. Evaluation of exposures in 1940 to 1945, 1965, and 1979 found that women had a higher average exposure than men in 1940 to 1945, but this pattern was reversed in 1965. By 1979, the average difference between the two genders had disappeared. A comparison of cumulative exposure found that exposed women had half the total exposure of exposed men. More men than women were exposed to other chemicals. Women tended to predominate in clerical, laboratory, assembly, finishing, inspecting, packing, and shipping jobs.","PeriodicalId":16617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association","volume":"36 8","pages":"918-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18806664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender differences in animal bioassays for carcinogenicity. 致癌性动物生物测定的性别差异。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

R A Griesemer, S L Eustis

引用次数: 0

Cancer mortality in female and male dry-cleaning workers. 男性和女性干洗店工人的癌症死亡率。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

A M Ruder, E M Ward, D P Brown

引用次数: 0

Gender differences in hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative disorders and other cancer risks by major occupational group among workers exposed to benzene in China. 中国苯暴露工人中主要职业人群造血和淋巴细胞增生疾病及其他癌症风险的性别差异

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-08-01

G L Li, M S Linet, R B Hayes, S N Yin, M Dosemeci, Y Z Wang, W H Chow, Z L Jiang, S Wacholder, W U Zhang

{"title":"Gender differences in hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative disorders and other cancer risks by major occupational group among workers exposed to benzene in China.","authors":"G L Li, M S Linet, R B Hayes, S N Yin, M Dosemeci, Y Z Wang, W H Chow, Z L Jiang, S Wacholder, W U Zhang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Gender differences in risk for leukemia and other selected and combined disease categories were examined by major occupational category for 74,828 benzene-exposed workers compared to 35,805 unexposed workers from 12 cities in China. No significant differences in the relative risks for total mortality and cancer mortality were found between female and male benzene-exposed workers, although risks tended to be somewhat higher among male than among female employees. Both female and male workers in several occupational categories had notably increased risks for all hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative (HLP) malignant and nonmalignant disorders combined and for total leukemia. Variation in risk for HLP disorders by occupational category was observed in both genders, with highest risks for male and female chemical manufacturing workers, female nonproduction employees, and male printers. However, the numbers of leukemia and other HLP malignancies in each category were small. The findings suggest that both female and male benzene-exposed workers in several occupational categories experience excess leukemia and other HLP disorders with relatively minor gender differences. Although this population is one of the largest cohorts of benzene-exposed workers studied to date, evaluation of the observed variation in risk for HLP neoplasms among the occupational groups for workers of each gender is limited by the small numbers of these relatively rare malignancies.","PeriodicalId":16617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association","volume":"36 8","pages":"875-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18807481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0