Journal of Orthodontic Science最新文献

{"title":"Pedodontists’ awareness of orthodontics: An online survey","authors":"D. A. Al-Dulaimy, Fudhla S. Al-Zubaydi, M. Al-Khannaq, Mohammed Nahidh","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_125_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_125_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to document knowledge, awareness, and ability to provide different aspects of orthodontic treatment currently provided by pedodontists.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 14-item online questionnaire was sent to 120 pedodontists in different countries. Responses received within 2 months were analyzed as frequency and percentage.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The response rate was 68.3%. Most respondents demonstrated adequate information about the etiology and diagnosis of different malocclusions and paid attention to patients’ facial characteristics. The desire to learn from continuing education programs was higher for preventive and interceptive orthodontics. Space maintainers, habit breakers, management of anterior crossbite, and serial extraction were the orthodontic services most provided by pedodontists.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pedodontists should attend to continuing education about the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment planning for various malocclusions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic and gender dynamics influence on the parental decision-making process for children’s orthodontic care – A study in Madinah, Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Almarhoumi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_184_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_184_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To investigate the socio-economic and personal factors that impact parental decisions regarding orthodontic treatment for their children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A digital self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from 414 parents, focusing on their motivations and barriers that influence their decision-making process regarding orthodontic treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Income level was the most significant factor in orthodontic decisions. Parents with higher incomes were twice as likely to choose orthodontic treatment for esthetic reasons compared to parents with middle incomes. The main incentive for seeking treatment was getting advice from dental professionals, with 60% of participants rating it as the most important factor. 34.5% of respondents identified cost as the main barrier, with middle-income parents being 151% more inclined to perceive it as a significant barrier compared to high-income parents. Gender dynamics revealed that mothers exhibited 48.9% greater concern regarding treatment costs compared to fathers, whereas fathers placed 2.105 times more importance on the orthodontist’s reputation than mothers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Income levels, along with other socio-economic factors and gender dynamics, have a significant influence on parental decisions regarding orthodontic care. Personalized consultations that address these variations are crucial for improving communication between patients and practitioners and increasing the accessibility of treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"63 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial behavior of nanocoated orthodontic micro-implants: An in vitro study","authors":"S. S. Othman, Amr Abd-Elmonaem El-Waseif, Mohammed Abdullah Hameed, Q. A. Abbas","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_115_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_115_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The need to overcome the failure of orthodontic micro-implants which might reach to 30% has led to the development of different methods, one of which is nanoparticle deposition.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To evaluate the anti-microbial efficiency of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NP) when used as a coating for orthodontic micro-implants.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thirty titanium alloy micro-implants were used in the presented study. They were divided into three groups according to the coating method and the coating materials used: the control group without surface coating; the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-coated group, in which direct current (DC) spattering was used to coat the micro-implants with a TiO2 layer; and the TiO2 and zinc oxide (TiO2ZnO)-coated group, in which the micro-implants were coated with a TiO2 layer via direct current (DC) spattering and a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer via laser vacuum. The micro-implant surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The antibacterial susceptibility was assessed using gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 SEM and EDS tests confirmed the coating of the micro-implants in the TiO2- and TiO2ZnO-coated groups. The micro-implants in the TiO2- and TiO2ZnO-coated groups demonstrated higher antibacterial ability than the control group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study demonstrated the significance of improving the surface of orthodontic micro-implants by coating them with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles to improve osseointegration and prevent biofilm formation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"56 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of cephalometric predictors of anterior open bite; An assessment of dental and skeletal parameters in an orthodontic population","authors":"O. Umeh, Sylvester Chegwe, I. Utomi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_56_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_56_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Anterior open bite (AOB) malocclusion is one of the highly challenging malocclusions. Cephalometric radiographs have been used for the diagnosis of occlusal anomalies in the vertical and anteroposterior directions. This study aims to compare skeletal and dental features in open and non-open bite subjects to identify factors that help predict and categorize open bites in a Nigerian population.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pretreatment cephalometric radiographs of 82 patients were recruited into this study. This study comprised 41 AOB patients and 41 (Class 1 malocclusion) patients (control group). The radiographs were obtained from the orthodontic unit, Department of Child Dental Health of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba Lagos. Cephalometric tracing and analysis of the obtained radiographs were used to identify and compare the skeletal and dental differences between the two groups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The mean age of the participants was 20.47 ± 8.05 years. The patients consisted of 26 (31.7%) males and 56 (68.3%) females. There was a significant difference in the open bite depth indicator (ODI) of the open bite (P value < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the vertical skeletal parameters – lower facial height (LFH), total facial height (TFH), posterior facial height (PFH), Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), mandibular-maxillary angle (MMA), and gonial angle in the AOB group compared to the control group. The vertical height of the dentoalveolar segments measured was all significantly increased in the open bite group compared to the control group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results suggest that the skeletal and dental vertical parameters, including ODI of the open bite subjects, varied compared with the non-open bite subjects in the Nigerian population studied and could be used to predict AOB tendency.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"30 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of maxillary hypoplasia with bone anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) - A case report","authors":"Sharvari Vichare, Gauri S. Vichare","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_30_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_30_22","url":null,"abstract":"Early diagnosis and treatment is known to be beneficial in Class III malocclusions secondary to maxillary hypoplasia. However, success of treatment largely depends on the patient’s compliance and thus, appropriate choice of treatment, appliance and the age for interception plays an important role. Bone anchored maxillary protraction is one such approach presented in this case report for a 13 years old boy who reported with the chief complaint of lower front teeth visibility during speech and smiling. On examination his molars were in Angle’s Class III relation, anterior crossbite and deep bite with unerupted maxillary canines. Orthodontic treatment was begun for deep bite correction and for creating space for the maxillary canines, followed by surgical intervention for placement of bone anchored miniplates. Protraction was done for 14 months and the total treatment time was 20 months. Improvement in the patient’s profile, aesthetics and function was achieved with well aligned arches.","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the remineralizing effect of the chicken eggshell paste after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance: An in vitro study","authors":"Mahmoud M. Fathy Abo-Elmahasen, Adel M. Shaaban, Mohamed Elsaharty, A. A. Mohamed, Mohamed I. Assadawy, Ibrahim Sabry El Sayed","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_194_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_194_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Demineralization of the enamel surface, which appears as white spot lesions during and after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance, is the most common disadvantage of the orthodontic treatment course. Using the remineralizing agents during and after orthodontic treatment helps to avoid those enamel defects.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study aims to assess the remineralizing effect of the chicken eggshell powder on the demineralized enamel surfaces after debonding the orthodontic bracket system.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The current study was performed on 80 prepared premolar crowns embedded into acrylic molds. The samples were prepared to receive routine steps of the bonding process for the bracket system. The paste of the chicken eggshell powder was added to the samples after the debonding process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to evaluate the remineralization effect of the chicken eggshell powder. Also, the Vickers microhardness tester was used to assess the enamel surface microhardness.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It was found that the mean value of the Ca/P ratio for the samples before bonding of the orthodontic bracket system was (4.17 ± 2.2). This value significantly decreased to (2 ± 1.3) after debonding of the orthodontic bracket system and then showed a significant increase to (4.79 ± 2.65) after remineralization. These results were assured by the values of the Vickers microhardness tester.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The chicken eggshell powder has an excellent remineralization effect for the demineralized enamel surface after debonding the orthodontic enamel surface.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"16 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139967010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the condylar response of two differently anchored fixed functional appliances in class II malocclusion in young adult orthodontic patients: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Mahmoud M. Fathy Abo-Elmahasen, Mohamed Elsaharty, Neven Abotaha, A. A. Mohamed","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_112_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_112_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Measuring the condylar volume changes after treatment with skeletally anchored type IV Herbst appliance vs. Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC) in class II malocclusion in young adult patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty class II malocclusion participants were randomly involved in our randomized clinical study. They are divided equally into two groups: group I (10 patients with an age range of 16 to 18 years and a mean age of (17.15 ± 0.62) (five males and five females) with a mean Angle formed between (A) point and (Nasion) point and (B) point, to determine anteroposterior relation between maxilla and mandible (ANB) of 6.20 (1.03) and a mean mandibular length of 106.1 (1.7), who were treated by a skeletally anchored type IV Herbst appliance, supported at the mandible by two mini-plates fixed bilaterally at the mandibular symphysis; group II (10 patients with an age range of 15 to 18 years and a mean age of (16.85 ± 0.33) (six males and four females) with a mean ANB of 6.80 (0.89) and a mean mandibular length of 107.3 (2.36), who were treated by a TFBC that was installed just mesial to the tube of the maxillary first permanent molar and distal to the bracket of the lower canine for 4 months. According to the Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need (IOFTN) index, the participants in both groups have grade 4 (great need for treatment) as they have excessive overjet (6–9 mm). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken just before installing fixed functional appliances and after the removal. The condylar volume was measured using Dolphin software. Parametric measurements were performed by the independent t-test, while non-parametric variables (percent change) were compared by the Mann-Whitney U–test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 On the right side, the Herbst group recorded a percent increase (median = 1.23%), while TFBC recorded a median percent decrease (-7.85%). This change is statistically significant (P = 0.008).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The difference in the condylar volume was significantly higher with the mini-plate anchored Herbst appliance than with the dentally anchored TFBC group.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"3 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presurgical management trends and nasoalveolar molding usage for infants with cleft lip and palate in the capital of a developing country","authors":"H. A. Al-lami, Dhelal Al-Rudainy, Harraa S. Mohammed-Salih, Safa M. Salman","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_165_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_165_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) application is among presurgical management (PSM) techniques used for infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP). It helps to approximate the palatal cleft and to reshape the nasoalveolar complex prior to primary lip repair. This study aimed to explore types of PSM and the dental speciality provision for infants with CLP in Baghdad. The status of NAM usage and surgeons’ perceptions toward NAM usage were assessed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is a cross-sectional paper-based questionnaire study that collected responses of surgeons perform primary lip and nose repair regarding PSM. The questionnaire was distributed amongst public and private hospitals in Baghdad. Twenty surgeons were enrolled (only those surgeons who perform primary repair for infants with CLP); two females and eighteen males.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The majority of participants’ responses suggested that the majority of infants with CLP were provided with baby feeding plates and lip straps. Six surgeons reported that a percentage of their patients who have been provided with NAM. PSM in Baghdad was mostly supplied by orthodontists and plastic surgeons, and the next most likely providers were prosthodontists. 82.35% of the surgeons found that primary surgical repair procedures were easier with NAM than for the other infants. The rest have not perceived any differences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Orthodontists, surgeons and prosthodontists were involved in providing PSM. Baby feeding plates and lip straps were the most common PSM in Baghdad, although NAM is not uncommon. Most surgeons believe that using NAM made surgical procedures easier and permitted the prediction of surgical outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139967095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of maxillary transverse dimensions in individuals with a unilaterally impacted canine","authors":"Ibtisam A. Alshalawi, Dalal M. Alnahad, Husam I. Ardah, Wael M. Aboelmaaty, N. Alrejaye","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_129_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_129_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to investigate the maxillary width within individuals with a unilaterally impacted maxillary canine and to determine any association between the impacted canine location and some canine-related variables.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional analytical study using a split-mouth design included 22 CBCTs of individuals with unilaterally impacted maxillary canines (a total of 44 sides). The maxillary width was measured and compared in both impacted and non-impacted sides at various levels: basal, alveolar, and dental. The following canine-related variables were analyzed and compared with impaction location: impacted canine angulation, cusp tip distance from the occlusal plane, type of impaction (vertical or horizontal), presence of root resorption, deciduous teeth, or adjacent teeth transposition. Significance was considered at P < 0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a significant reduction in maxillary width on the impacted side at the following levels: maxillary first premolar alveolar crest in both coronal and axial sections, dental width measured from the central fossa of maxillary first molar to the midline, and width measured from the canine cusp tip to the midline. Moreover, the distance from the palatally impacted canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane was statistically significantly lower (7.6 ± 1.5 mm) compared to buccal (10.8 ± 3.3 mm) and mid-alveolus (12.0 ± 3.9 mm) impaction, (P values = 0.02).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a significant association between canine impaction and reduction in the maxillary width at least on the dental level. The palatally impacted canine cusp tip was significantly closer to the occlusal plane compared to the buccal and mid-alveolar impaction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation and influence of various staining agents on color stability and fluorescence of different esthetic orthodontic wires: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Katragadda Saveri,&nbsp;Madhukar R Rachala,&nbsp;Arun K Dasari,&nbsp;Vankre Mallikarjun,&nbsp;Sakam Nikhil,&nbsp;Dhana P Gurram","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_125_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_125_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of three staining solutions on the color stability of three different brands of esthetic archwires using a spectrophotometer and also to compare the fluorescence of esthetic archwires with extracted human teeth.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 84 nickel-titanium (NiTi)-coated esthetic archwires with the same cross section and size (0.016 × 0.022″) were included. All samples were divided into four groups of 21 each, that is, group 1: artificial saliva (AS), group 2: coffee (C) solution, group 3: turmeric (T) solution, and group 4: chlorhexidine (CH) mouth rinse; each group was subdivided into three subgroups of seven each (Opal Classic (OC), Libral Rabbit Force (LRF), and Ortho Organizers (OO)). The baseline value (T0) was measured before immersion in the staining solution and then immersed in the staining solution for 21 days. The color measurements were recorded at different time intervals on the 7^th, 14^th, and 21^st days using a spectrophotometer. The fluorescence of archwires is tested in a dark atmosphere using a fluorescent black lamp. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc Bonferroni test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant amount of color change in all three brands of archwires from day 0 to day 21 (<i>p</i> < 0.005) was observed, except for OC in the CH mouth rinse group (<i>p</i> = 0.230). The fluorescence of OO matches with the natural teeth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LRF showed the highest overall color change followed by OO and OC. Turmeric is the most chromogenic agent, followed by Coffee and CH mouth rinse.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/89/JOS-12-55.PMC10597375.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}