Journal of nursing measurement最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Measure Nurses' Decision-Making Regarding Fall Risks and Care Strategies for Fall Prevention. 使用层次分析法衡量护士对跌倒风险和预防跌倒护理策略的决策。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2023-0006
Akiko Hiyama
{"title":"Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Measure Nurses' Decision-Making Regarding Fall Risks and Care Strategies for Fall Prevention.","authors":"Akiko Hiyama","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"10.1891/JNM-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> Visualizing the thought processes of nurses is useful in forming evidence to prevent falls. This study aimed to quantify nursing judgment by comparing the choices made by nurses with different experiences regarding fall prevention. <b>Methods:</b> Questionnaires were administered to participants with <9 and ≥10 years of nursing experience to examine their importance ratings regarding fall prevention using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). <b>Results:</b> Compared with the group with <9 years of experience, the group with ≥10 years of experience viewed habitual behavior in unstable activity as the most important fall risk. They also viewed early detection and alleviation of symptoms that lead to fall risk due to side effects of drugs and diseases as an important nursing practice. <b>Conclusion:</b> Since differences in nursing judgment between experienced and inexperienced nurses were revealed, it is possible that nursing judgment can be measured using AHP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":"424-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139432506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross-Cultural Adaptation Progress. 跨文化适应进展。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2024-0104
Janice L Hinkle
{"title":"Cross-Cultural Adaptation Progress.","authors":"Janice L Hinkle","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/JNM-2024-0104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validity and Reliability of the Sickle Cell Self-Efficacy Scale in an Online, Anonymous Sample of Adults Living With Sickle Cell Disease. 镰状细胞自我效能感量表在镰状细胞病成人在线匿名样本中的有效性和可靠性。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2024-0077
Julia A O'Brien, Lakeya S McGill, Christopher J Burant, Charles R Jonassaint, Ronald L Hickman
{"title":"Validity and Reliability of the Sickle Cell Self-Efficacy Scale in an Online, Anonymous Sample of Adults Living With Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Julia A O'Brien, Lakeya S McGill, Christopher J Burant, Charles R Jonassaint, Ronald L Hickman","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0077","DOIUrl":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Sickle Cell Self-efficacy Scale (SCSES) in an anonymous, online cohort of adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). <b>Methods:</b> The SCSES was completed by 60 adults with SCD. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were assessed using bivariate correlations between the SCSES and other study variables, and internal consistency reliability was evaluated through examining an alpha coefficient. <b>Results:</b> A unidimensional factor structure explained 49.6% of the variance in self-efficacy. The SCSES demonstrated convergent validity and discriminant validity with the select battery of measured concepts and sufficient internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .87). <b>Conclusions:</b> The SCSES remains a valid and reliable measure of SCD self-efficacy among adults when used in anonymous, online research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Hospital's Culture of Nursing Research Scale Among Nurses. 评估医院护理研究文化量表在护士中的心理测量特性。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2024-0063
Jonas Preposi Cruz, Joseph Almazan, Paolo Colet, Gulnur Nadirbekova, Akmaral Khazhymurat, Anargul Kuntuganova, Ejercito Mangawa Balay-Odao
{"title":"Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Hospital's Culture of Nursing Research Scale Among Nurses.","authors":"Jonas Preposi Cruz, Joseph Almazan, Paolo Colet, Gulnur Nadirbekova, Akmaral Khazhymurat, Anargul Kuntuganova, Ejercito Mangawa Balay-Odao","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/JNM-2024-0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> The \"Hospital's Culture of Nursing Research Scale\" (HCNRS) is a critical assessment tool in health care research. It was created in response to the rising acknowledgment of nursing research's critical role in improving patient care outcomes. This study aimed to develop the HCNRS to assess the nurses' perceptions of the hospital's culture of nursing research. <b>Methods:</b> This study utilized the instrument development design in developing the HCNRS. The study was conducted in Astana, Kazakhstan, from May to September 2023. The study followed three major stages of scale development: \"item development,\" \"scale development,\" and \"scale evaluation.\" \"Principal component analysis\" (PCA; <i>n</i> = 387) and \"confirmatory factor analysis\" (CFA; <i>n</i> = 362) were performed in this study. Cronbach's coefficient α was computed for reliability. <b>Results:</b> The PCA on the 32-item HCNRS revealed five factors with an eigenvalue of above 1, contributing 66.0% of the model's total variance. The CFA revealed the following findings supporting the five subscales of the HCNRS-R: χ <sup><i>2</i></sup> <i>/df</i> = 2.65, root mean square error of approximation = .068 (90% CI [0.063, 0.072]), comparative fit index = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.91, and standardized root mean square residual = .04. Based on the items that loaded in each factor, the subscales were labeled \"Research Ethics, Integrity, and Supportive Culture,\" \"Nursing Research Institutionalization,\" \"Hospital's Financial Support and Incentives for Research Initiatives,\" \"Nursing Research Engagement and Innovation,\" and \"Nursing Research Integration and Career Support.\" The computed Cronbach's coefficient α of the entire scale was .963. For its subscales, the Cronbach's coefficient α ranged from .833 to .953. <b>Conclusions:</b> The study developed a five-factor HCNRS to evaluate the multifaceted aspects of nursing research culture in hospital settings. Health care institutions can utilize this scale to identify areas for improvement in research culture and implement strategies to foster research ethics, integrity, and innovation. This tool can also be used by hospital leaders, policymakers, and nurse researchers seeking to evaluate the research culture within their health care organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Refinement and Evaluation of the Critical Thinking Self-Assessment Scale. 批判性思维自我评估量表的改进与评估。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2024-0061
Teresa Barry Hultquist, Kevin Kupzyk, Louise LaFramboise, Lynnette Leeseberg Stamler
{"title":"Refinement and Evaluation of the Critical Thinking Self-Assessment Scale.","authors":"Teresa Barry Hultquist, Kevin Kupzyk, Louise LaFramboise, Lynnette Leeseberg Stamler","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/JNM-2024-0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> Critical thinking (CT) skills are necessary tools for enhancing patient care. The Critical Thinking Self-Assessment Scale (CTSAS) was based on Facione et al.'s (1990) schema of 6 CT skills and 16 subskills. Although early results indicated a strong instrument, it was lengthy at 115 items. The study purpose was to statistically reduce the number of items in the instrument. <b>Methods:</b> Using a sample of 712 undergraduate nursing students, item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine items to retain and delete. The scale was validated by comparing to the Need for Cognition Scale. <b>Results:</b> Items were reduced to 46 and spread over the 16 subskills. <b>Conclusions:</b> The revised CTSAS is a valid, reliable tool that is greatly reduced in length without compromising its psychometric properties. Faculty could use the measure as a reflection of students' levels on these skills and design learning activities to target problem areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychometric Evaluation of the Personal Mastery Scale Among Italian Nurses: Assessing Personal Mastery in the Nursing Profession. 意大利护士个人掌握量表的心理计量学评估:评估护理行业中的个人掌控能力。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2024-0048
Ippolito Notarnicola, Gennaro Rocco, Blerina Duka, Emanuela Prendi, Marzia Lommi, Durata Ivziku, Alessandro Stievano
{"title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the Personal Mastery Scale Among Italian Nurses: Assessing Personal Mastery in the Nursing Profession.","authors":"Ippolito Notarnicola, Gennaro Rocco, Blerina Duka, Emanuela Prendi, Marzia Lommi, Durata Ivziku, Alessandro Stievano","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/JNM-2024-0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> Personal mastery is essential in the nursing profession, as it directly impacts the quality of care and the well-being of the nurses themselves. However, there is a lack of psychometrically reliable tools to measure it among nurses. This study evaluates the applicability of the Personal Mastery Scale (PMS) among Italian nurses. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study surveyed Italian nurses using self-administered questionnaires, including the PMS. A total of 209 healthcare workers, primarily nurses, from various operational units participated in the study. The majority of respondents (84.2%) were nurses. The gender distribution was predominantly female (83.3%). <b>Results:</b> Statistical analyses, including factor analyses, assessed the scale's reliability and validity. The scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .670) and construct validity. <b>Conclusions:</b> The Italian version of the PMS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing personal mastery among nurses. Understanding personal mastery is crucial for promoting resilience and delivering quality care. Further research should explore its relationship with outcomes and intervention effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and Testing of an Instrument to Measure Professionalism in Nursing. 开发和测试测量护理专业精神的工具。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2024-0062
Alaina Daigle
{"title":"Development and Testing of an Instrument to Measure Professionalism in Nursing.","authors":"Alaina Daigle","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0062","DOIUrl":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> Evaluation of professionalism in nursing has proven challenging as no objective measurement tool exists. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the Professionalism in Nursing Scale (PNS) for reliability and validity, which will facilitate evaluation of the constructs of professionalism in nursing. Participants were senior nursing students and registered nurses with at least a baccalaureate degree and a minimum of 3 years of experience working either in academia at an accredited university or in a practice setting in a Magnet hospital. <b>Methods:</b> Methodological research was used to design an instrument that measures professionalism in nursing. Phase 1 included item development, scaling, and evaluation of the content validity index, using 10 content experts. Phase 2 included pilot and field testing using participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Questionnaires were sent electronically to evaluate the relevance of each attribute of professionalism using a Likert scale. Phase 3 was scale evaluation, including reliability and validity of the PNS. <b>Results:</b> Final results of exploratory factor analysis supported a 33-item five-factor model. The factors were named Ethics and Interprofessional Collaboration, Excellence, Professional Engagement, Caring, and Self-Awareness. The overall reliability rate of the PNS was 0.97. Findings demonstrated the reliability and validity of the PNS for measuring professionalism in academic and clinician nurses and nursing students. <b>Conclusions:</b> Measuring professionalism in nursing can assist driving improvement of patient care, accountability, and team collaboration. A discussion of the PNS within the context of academia and clinical practice, along with implications for research, practice, education, and policy will be presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validity and Reliability of a Newly Developed Instrument to Measure Nursing Workarounds During Medication Administration. 新开发的测量给药过程中护理工作变通方法的工具的有效性和可靠性。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2024-0044
Marian Savage, Shin Hye Park, Marjorie Bott, E Laverne Manos, Karen Wambach, Heather Gibbs
{"title":"Validity and Reliability of a Newly Developed Instrument to Measure Nursing Workarounds During Medication Administration.","authors":"Marian Savage, Shin Hye Park, Marjorie Bott, E Laverne Manos, Karen Wambach, Heather Gibbs","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0044","DOIUrl":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> According to patient safety literature, workarounds are used when processes are not clear and may not match the intended workflows. There is no available quantitative instrument to measure the type and frequency of workarounds when nurses administer medications. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a newly developed instrument that measured the type and frequency of workarounds when nurses administer medications to patients. <b>Methods:</b> Items for the newly developed instrument were derived based on the concept analysis of workarounds, and the psychometric evaluation included content validity, face validity, item analysis, dimensionality, reliability, and construct validity testing. The instrument was administered to registered nurses in an acute care hospital in Northern Virginia. <b>Results:</b> Psychometric evaluation of the newly developed instrument demonstrated adequate content and face validity. Based on exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring of the 18 items, 12 items were retained comprising three subscales: (a) defining characteristics, (b) type of workarounds, and (c) frequency of workarounds. Cronbach's alpha ranged from .83 to .92 for the three subscales. As hypothesized, convergent validity was supported by Spearman Rho correlations ranging from .27 to .47 among the Halbesleben, Rathert, and Bennett total and two subscales. Divergent validity was supported with Spearman Rho correlations ranging from -.09 to .15 with two other Halbesleben, Rathert, and Bennett subscales. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings provided beginning evidence for the reliability and validity of the newly developed Savage Barcode-Assisted Medication Administration Workarounds Tool comprised of three subscales-defining characteristics, types of workarounds, and frequencies of workarounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adapting the Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire for Acute Care Nurse Practitioners. 为急症护理执业护士改编初级护理执业护士组织氛围问卷。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2024-0057
Kristin Hittle Gigli, Kyle Featherston, Lusine Poghosyan
{"title":"Adapting the Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire for Acute Care Nurse Practitioners.","authors":"Kristin Hittle Gigli, Kyle Featherston, Lusine Poghosyan","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/JNM-2024-0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> This study adapted the Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire to measure the organizational climate of nurse practitioners in acute care settings and validated the Nurse Practitioner Acute Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire (NP-ACOCQ). <b>Methods:</b> We used a three-phase instrument adaptation design. In phase 1, experts assessed face and content validity. In phase 2, pilot testing enabled item analysis and preliminary reliability testing. In phase 3, field testing supported exploratory factor analysis. <b>Results:</b> The NP-ACOCQ had a three-factor structure representing subscales. The subscales had Cronbach's alphas of 0.87, 0.90, and 0.94. The subscales, Institutional Visibility, Interprofessional Relationships, and Organizational Autonomy each had between 5 and 13 items. <b>Conclusions:</b> The NP-ACOCQ is a valid and reliable measure to assess organizational factors determining the acute care nurse practitioner work environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reliability and Validity Testing of the Modified Quality of Interaction Scale. 改良版互动质量量表的可靠性和有效性测试。
IF 0.7
Journal of nursing measurement Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2024-0058
Rachel McPherson, Barbara Resnick, Sarah Holmes, Elizabeth Galik, Anju Paudel, Sorah Levy
{"title":"Reliability and Validity Testing of the Modified Quality of Interaction Scale.","authors":"Rachel McPherson, Barbara Resnick, Sarah Holmes, Elizabeth Galik, Anju Paudel, Sorah Levy","doi":"10.1891/JNM-2024-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/JNM-2024-0058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> Limited care interaction measurements capture important interaction characteristics that occur during staff-resident care interactions. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of Modified Quality of Interaction Scale (MQuIS). <b>Methods:</b> Data from an observational study in four assisted living facilities was used. <b>Results:</b> A total of 152 staff-resident care interactions were observed. There was some evidence of reliability based on the Rasch analysis (item reliability of .98). There was some support for validity based on the item fit and hypothesis testing as active resident engagement was significantly associated with positive social and positive care interactions. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides some support for the use of the MQuIS to evaluate the quality of care interactions in assisted living settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nursing measurement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信