Journal of Neuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plasticity across life-history stages of a free-living subtropical finch, Amandava amandava amandava.","authors":"Banalata Mohanty","doi":"10.1111/jne.13459","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The alterations of phenotypic traits (morphology, endocrine physiology, and behavior) in response to predictable environmental cues across life-history stages in seasonally breeding birds enable successful culmination of reproduction. The present study elucidated the plasticity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in a subtropical free-living finch, Amandava amandava amandava, and suggests the crucial role of the baseline corticosterone (CORT) to coordinate energetic readiness across life-history stages. Birds were captured monthly from an area (25.1337° N 82.5644° E) in Uttar Pradesh, India, from June 2014 to May 2015. Only male birds were included in this study corresponding to different life-history stages (6/life-history stage; 2/month): pre-breeding (June-August), breeding (September-November), post-breeding (December-February), and quiescent phases (March-May). The pituitary expression of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenal interrenal cell morphometry, and plasma level of the CORT showed varied patterns across life-history stages. The density and immunointensity of the ACTH-immunoreactive corticotropes and the interrenal cell number increased along with the significant plasma CORT elevation during the breeding cycle (both pre-breeding and breeding phases). CORT might facilitate the energy demand for the display of sexual behavior (nest-building, courtship), testicular recrudescence, and foraging of food for offspring during the breeding cycle. On the contrary, plasma CORT decrease in the post-breeding and quiescent phases might enable the bird to molt avoiding the protein catabolic effect of the hormone. Given the complexity involved in the study of baseline CORT in free-living birds, more studies are needed to better understand the crucial role of the HPA axis in the modulation of life-history stages in this and other subtropical avian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive decline in Cushing's syndrome: A systematic review.","authors":"Anila Katragadda, Jessica Kunadia, Polly Kirsch, Brenda Dorcely, Shruti Shah, Zachary Henig, Asha Job, Richard A Feelders, Nidhi Agrawal","doi":"10.1111/jne.13466","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neurocognitive and psychiatric effects of Cushing's syndrome (CS) are well recognized and negatively impact quality of life. The aim of this systematic review is to compare neurocognitive disease, psychiatric symptoms, and structural brain changes in patients with Cushing's disease (CD)/CS and those with non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA), both before and after surgical treatment, and in comparison to healthy controls. Possible predictors of persistent neurocognitive symptoms and reduced quality of life in patients with CS are highlighted. We reviewed the English literature published in Medline/Pubmed until 2021 to identify eligible studies. This systematic review was registered on Prospero and reported following the PRISMA statement guidelines. The initial literature search yielded 1772 articles, of which 1096 articles remained after removing duplicates. After excluding case reports, animal studies, narrative reviews, comparative reviews, and articles not in English, 86 papers underwent full-text review. Studies eligible for inclusion met the following criteria: (1) described patients with CD/CS, (2) reports of psychiatric symptoms, (3) written in English or with available English translation, and (4) published in a peer-reviewed journal. The full-text review process identified 40 eligible studies. The 40 studies included a total of 2603 participants with CD or CS, with 45.2% of the total participants having CD. The majority of studies were case-control studies and used validated questionnaires such as the Beck's Depression Index, Trail Making Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Cushing Quality of Life for screening. Compared to NFPA controls, patients with CD who had greater baseline serum cortisol levels had worse cognitive function, even after surgical remission. This suggests a possible association between greater baseline cortisol levels in patients with CS and persistent cognitive impairment. A longer duration of uncontrolled CS was associated with worse cognitive function; however, there was no association found between the length of remission and memory. Overall brain volume was increased in patients in remission from CD compared to active disease. However, temporal and frontal lobe volumes did not recover to normal volumes. Patients with CS experience neurocognitive dysfunction, psychiatric disorders, and diminished quality of life, and symptoms may persist after curative surgery. We found several factors consistently associated with persistent cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with CS including higher pre-operatively baseline cortisol production, longer duration of disease, frontal and temporal lobe atrophy, and the presence of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms at baseline. Larger prospective studies are required to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent social stress alters the role of orexin innervation in the hindbrain in male hamsters.","authors":"Kevin M Moran, Ava Elana Enstrom, Leah Jarrell, Misheel Khashchuluun, Anna Tran, Yvon Delville","doi":"10.1111/jne.13457","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Juvenile male hamsters exposed to chronic social stress eat more, gain weight, and have larger fat pads. The purpose of the present study was to address possible changes in food hoarding and orexin/hypocretin innervation in response to social stress. Male hamsters in early adolescence were exposed to a resident-intruder social stress paradigm or control condition daily for 2 weeks. Metabolism-related physiological measures and behaviors were tracked, and brains were immunocytochemically labeled for orexin-A. Our data confirm our previous observations on appetite, weight gain, and obesity, and showed a strong trend toward enhanced food hoarding as in prior studies. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in orexin innervation in any brain area analyzed. However, unique correlation patterns were observed between orexin innervation and appetite or metabolic outcome. In particular, opposite correlations were observed between groups within the dorsal raphe nucleus, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. These opposite patterns of correlations suggest chronic social stress causes site-specific alterations in synaptic activity in relation with these behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroendocrine tumours and pregnancy: Real-world data from an European Neuroendocrine Tumour Centre of Excellence.","authors":"Gowri M Ratnayake, Kalyan Mansukhbhai Shekhda, Thomas Glover, Yasser Al-Obudi, Aimee Hayes, Panagiotis Armonis, Dalvinder Mandair, Bernard Khoo, TuVinh Luong, Christos Toumpanakis, Ashley Grossman, Martyn Caplin","doi":"10.1111/jne.13465","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13465","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) arise from the diffuse endocrine system and have been considered to be rare. However, the incidence and prevalence of these tumours have increased in recent years, and they are being seen in younger patients including women in the reproductive age group. Due to the paucity of data, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in managing such tumours during pregnancy can be challenging to both treating physicians and patients. This article describes the experience and outcomes of managing pregnant women with NEN at a European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence. In this retrospective analysis, we evaluated a total of 22 pregnancies in 18 pregnant women with concurrent diagnoses of NENs who were managed at Royal Free Hospital ENETS Centre of Excellence throughout their pregnancy. These were identified from our tumour registry of 3500 NEN patients between 2015 and 2023. Cross-sectional imaging (computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), pre- and post-pregnancy, for each patient was reviewed by an experienced radiologist. Tumour growth rate (TGR) was calculated using the formula: TGR = 100 × [exp (TG) - 1]; TG. [3 × log (D2/D1)]/time (months), where D1 is the tumour size at date 1; D2 is the tumour size at date 2; and time (months) = (Date 2 - Date 1 + 1)/30.44. Tumour growth rate pre-conception (TGRpc) and tumour growth rate post-partum (TGRpp) were calculated for each patient. In a sub-group of patients, positivity for oestrogen and progesterone receptors were analysed on the tumour tissue to evaluate whether the presence of these receptors affected tumour progression during the pregnancy. We also reviewed the pregnancy outcome in patients treated with somatostatin analogues during pregnancy. We analysed the data of a total 22 pregnancy encounters in 18 women: 15 pregnancies (68%) preceded the diagnosis of the NEN, whereas the diagnosis of NEN was made during pregnancy or in the post-partum period in 5 (23%) and 2 (9%) pregnancies respectively. Eight patients (44%) had a diagnosis of a pancreatic NEN, whereas 5 (28%) were diagnosed with mid-gut NENs, and a further 5 at other sites. The majority of the patients (n = 12, 67%) had evidence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Most pregnancies had a successful outcome (n = 19, 86%), whereas 3 patients (14%) had miscarriages in the 1st trimester. Five patients in total of 6 pregnancies were treated with somatostatin analogues as monotherapy during the pregnancy, and all of them had stable disease after pregnancy. All of them delivered healthy babies without any side effects or complications due to therapy. The average TGRpc was -0.8% (n = 5) and the average TGRpp was +0.96% (n = 6); 2 patients who did not have suitable targets for calculation of TGRpc developed new lesions suggesting disease progression. Moreover, 2 of the 4 patients who have had both pre-conception and post-pregnancy scans showed an increase in TGRpp com","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental expression patterns of gonadal hormone receptors in arcuate kisspeptin and GABA neurons of the postnatal female mouse.","authors":"Yugo Watanabe, Lorryn Fisher, Rebecca E Campbell, Christine L Jasoni","doi":"10.1111/jne.13477","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13477","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) is central in the neuronal regulation of fertility and reproduction through translating gonadal steroid hormone cues into the GnRH signaling pathway in the brain. Evidence suggests that circulating gonadal steroids play an important role in modulating female reproduction via kisspeptin and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the ARC in both development and adulthood. However, the temporal onset of these ARC neurons' sensitivity to gonadal steroids is unknown. Using RNAscope® in situ hybridization, we localized androgen receptor (Ar), estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1), and progesterone receptor (Pgr) expression in ARC kisspeptin or GABA neurons of female mice at postnatal day (P)4, P8, P12, P20, and P60. A probe that binds to kiss1 mRNA or vGat mRNA was used to produce signal in kisspeptin or GABA neurons, respectively. In adult, we identified that the vast majority of kisspeptin neurons coexpressed Esr1 (95%) and Pgr (93%), while a smaller proportion coexpressed Ar (66%). Similar proportions of Ar- or Esr1-positive kisspeptin neurons were seen from P4, suggesting that kisspeptin neurons develop adult-like sensitivity to androgen and estrogen in early postnatal life. In contrast, the proportion of Pgr-positive kisspeptin cells in early life was significantly lower than in adulthood, suggesting that progesterone sensitivity develops over time in the ARC kisspeptin population. ARC GABA neurons also colocalized with Ar (70%), Esr1 (64%), or Pgr (85%) in adulthood. GABA neurons continuously expressed Esr1 or Pgr from the postnatal stages to adulthood, while the proportion of Ar-positive GABA neurons gradually increased from P4 (24%) to P20 (59%). These results suggest that while ARC GABA neurons can respond to circulating estrogen and progesterone from early postnatal ages, this same population may become more sensitive to androgens during later postnatal life. Our findings identified the expression patterns of Ar, Esr1, and Pgr by ARC kisspeptin and GABA neurons during early postnatal life. These data provide the understanding for the hormone sensitivity of these populations during early postnatal life, the critical time for the formation and regulation of female reproductive physiology.Esr1 (95%) and Pgr (93%), while a smaller proportion coexpressed Ar (66%). Similar proportions of Ar- or Esr1-positive kisspeptin neurons were seen from P4, suggesting that kisspeptin neurons develop adult-like sensitivity to androgen and estrogen in early postnatal life. In contrast, the proportion of Pgr-positive kisspeptin cells in early life was significantly lower than in adulthood, suggesting that progesterone sensitivity develops over time in the ARC kisspeptin population. ARC GABA neurons also colocalized with Ar (70%), Esr1 (64%), or Pgr (85%) in adulthood. GABA neurons continuously expressed Esr1 or Pgr from the postnatal stages to adulthood, while the proportion of Ar-positive GABA neurons gradually increas","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomogram for predicting diabetes insipidus following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery in pituitary adenomas.","authors":"Xinming Yu, Guangming Xu, Peng Qiu","doi":"10.1111/jne.13475","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) frequently complicates endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in pituitary adenoma (PA) patients, yet reliable predictive methods for DI risk remain lacking. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with DI following endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of PA and to develop a predictive nomogram for assessing postoperative DI risk. This study involved 600 PA patients underwent endoscopic TSS at Shandong Provincial Hospital from 2021 to 2023. Among these patients, 82 developed postoperative DI while 518 did not. The cohort was randomly divided into training (n = 360) and validation (n = 240) groups at 6:4 ratios by R software. Clinical parameters and radiographic features were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression to construct a predictive nomogram for post-endoscopic TSS DI risk. Model performance was assessed using ROC curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. Subgroup analysis was used to evaluate the model's ability to discriminate between transient and permanent DI. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses on the training group identified several independent risk factors for post-endoscopic TSS DI, including maximum tumor diameter, Knosp grade, Esposito grade, recurrent PA, and pituitary stalk deviation angle. A nomogram was developed based on these factors, demonstrating robust predictive accuracy with ROC areas under curve of 0.840 for the training group and 0.815 for the validation group. Calibration plots indicated excellent agreement between predicted and observed probabilities of postoperative DI. DCA curves highlighted the nomogram's efficacy in guiding clinical decision-making. Subgroup analysis showed that the model was able to discriminate between transient and permanent DI, and the AUC was 0.652 (95% CI 0.525-0.794). This study presents a nomogram designed to predict postoperative DI risk in patients undergoing endoscopic TSS for PA. Internal and external validations underscored the model's high accuracy, calibration, and clinical utility. Simultaneously, the model can also assess the development risk of permanent DI. This predictive tool offers clinicians valuable support in identifying high-risk DI patients, optimizing postoperative care strategies, and tailoring treatment plans to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earlier diagnosis of small intestine neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs) through transformation of the South Wales NET service.","authors":"Harriet L Gould, Kapish Amin, Thanos Karategos, Sarah Abbas, Susannah Olive, Mathoorika Sivananthan, Ayeesha Rela, Harriet Reed, Catherine Powell, Janu Navaratnam, Rwth Ellis-Owen, Patrick Fielding, Dipanjali Mondal, Steve Kihara, Gethin Williams, Carys Morgan, Justyna Witczak, Julie Cornish, Sarah Gwynne, James Horwood, Jared Torkington, Rachel Hargest, Adam Christian, Michael Davies, James Ansell, Mohid S Khan","doi":"10.1111/jne.13486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small intestine neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs) are often diagnosed late with a UK median of 3 years and high misdiagnosis rates. Previous studies, largely based on patient surveys, offer little data on improving diagnosis. In 2017, the South Wales NET service underwent a nationally commissioned, systematic transformation, aiming to improve diagnosis through the development of a gastroenterology and surgical referral network, and education of these specialities. This study aims to assess the impact of the transformation on SI-NET diagnosis times and misdiagnosis rates using accurate hospital data, along with the diagnostic routes and investigations used for SI-NETs. We retrospectively analysed the hospital records of 224 patients diagnosed with SI-NETs referred to the South Wales NET service (110 pre-transformation and 114 post-transformation). Following the service transformation, there was a significant reduction in diagnosis times from a median of 12.5-5.2 months (p < .05), at an earlier stage (cases with metastases reduced from 77% to 62%), and reduced misdiagnosis rates from 40% to 25%. Colonoscopy, used to investigate the presenting gastrointestinal symptoms in 42% of patients prior to diagnosis, identified an abnormality in only 28%, compared with 97% with computed tomography (CT) scans. A gastroenterology and surgical referral network across hospitals may improve diagnosis in SI-NETs, leading to earlier detection and reducing misdiagnosis rates. Further exploration of GP interactions is needed. Caution is needed following negative colonoscopy in patients with persistent lower gastrointestinal symptoms as this could lead to missed SI-NET diagnosis if further abdominal imaging is not undertaken.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of dyslipidemia and lipid-lowering therapy with statins in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.","authors":"Antongiulio Faggiano, Flaminia Russo, Virginia Zamponi, Franz Sesti, Giulia Puliani, Roberta Modica, Pasqualino Malandrino, Francesco Ferraù, Maria Rinzivillo, Marco Di Muzio, Emanuele Di Simone, Nicolò Panattoni, Pasquale Dolce, Rosa Lauretta, Gianfranco Di Iasi, Antonio Prinzi, Ylenia Alessi, Tiziana Feola, Rossella Mazzilli, Marialuisa Appetecchia, Elisa Giannetta, Francesco Panzuto, Annamaria Colao","doi":"10.1111/jne.13485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyslipidemia is a potential unfavorable prognostic factor in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs); conversely, statins proved to have antiproliferative effects in NET cell lines and could be a helpful therapeutic strategy for these patients. The main objective of this observational cohort retrospective study is to explore the associations between dyslipidemia and NET progression and evaluate the potential influence of statins in this context. 393 patients with histologically confirmed gastroenteropancreatic or bronchopulmonary NETs from six Italian centres didicated to NET diagnosis and therapy were included. The cohort included 123 patients with dyslipidemia, 81 of which were taking statins. Clinicopathological data, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment details as well as the prevalence, timing of dyslipidemia and hypolipemic therapy were collected. The main outcome measure used is progression-free survival (PFS). Among the 393 patients, 123 (31.3%) had dyslipidemia. Statins were used by 81 (65.8%) dyslipidemic patients, mostly atorvastatin. Median PFS was 87 months overall, 124 months in non-dyslipidemic patients, and 72 months in dyslipidemic patients (p = .268). Dyslipidemic patients on statins had a significantly better median PFS (108 months) than those not on statins (26 months; p = .024). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was also evaluated, but no significant differences were found. In conclusion, while PFS was lower in dyslipidemic patients compared to non-dyslipidemic patients, the difference was not statistically significant. Statin therapy was associated with improved PFS among dyslipidemic patients, suggesting a potential antiproliferative effect of statins in NETs. These findings warrant further investigation to substantiate the role of statins in the management of NETs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central regulation of drinking water in divergently selected high-water-efficient young broiler chickens: A minireview.","authors":"Brooklee Roach, Elizabeth S Greene, Sami Dridi","doi":"10.1111/jne.13488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poultry production is confronting real challenges, including a lofty projected high demand for animal proteins to feed the future, and the need to adapt to planetary boundaries (global warming) with limited natural resources (land, energy, water). Among the most challenging stressors to poultry production sustainability are heat stress (HS) and water uncertainty, that need extensive fundamental and applied research to identify effective strategies. In that regard, our group has recently developed a high-water-efficient broiler (meat-type) chicken line using water conversion ratio (WCR) as a phenotypic trait and defined the hypothalamic molecular mechanisms controlling drinking water under heat stress conditions. In response to the invitation from the Organizing Committee of the 13th International Symposium on Avian Endocrinology (ISAE 2024), the present review summarizes these data and closes the chapter by asking questions for future investigations. Data showed that HS exposure increased core body temperature (CBT) of both lines, with higher degree in HWE than in LWE counterparts. Despite this increase in CBT, HWE line drank less water but had superior performance with better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and WCR than LWE line. Molecular analyses showed that hypothalamic drinking-related neuropeptides (arginine vasopressin system, aquaporin system, renin, and angiotensin system) are affected in line- and/or environmental-dependent manner. Together, our research outcome indicates that the divergent selection for water efficiency could be an effective strategy to preserve water while maintaining optimal growth performance and could be applied to other poultry species and livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipopolysaccharide differentially alters systemic and brain glucocorticoid levels in neonatal and adult mice.","authors":"Jordan E Hamden, Melody Salehzadeh, Hitasha Bajaj, Michael X Li, Kiran K Soma","doi":"10.1111/jne.13481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucocorticoids (GCs) are secreted by the adrenal glands and increase in response to stressors (e.g., infection). The brain regulates local GC levels via GC synthesis, regeneration and/or metabolism. Little is known about local GC regulation within discrete brain regions at baseline or in response to stress. We treated male and female C57BL/6J mice at postnatal day 5 (PND5) or PND90 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg/kg bw i.p.) or vehicle and collected blood and brain after 4 h. We microdissected the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala. We measured seven steroids, including corticosterone, via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and measured transcripts for key steroidogenic enzymes (Cyp11b1, Hsd11b1, Hsd11b2) via qPCR. At both ages, LPS increased GC levels in blood and all brain regions; however, the increases were much greater at PND90 than at PND5. Interestingly, PND5 corticosterone levels were lower in prefrontal cortex than in blood, but higher in amygdala than in blood. These changes in corticosterone levels align with local changes in steroidogenic enzyme expression, demonstrating robust regional heterogeneity and a possible mechanism for the region-specific effects of early-life stress. In contrast, PND90 corticosterone levels were lower in all brain regions than in blood and similar among regions, and steroidogenic enzyme mRNA levels were generally not affected by LPS. Together, these data indicate that local GC levels within discrete brain regions are more heterogeneous at baseline and in response to LPS at PND5 than at PND90, as a result of increased local GC production and metabolism in the neonatal brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}