Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Sleep EEG signatures in mouse models of 15q11.2-13.1 duplication (Dup15q) syndrome.","authors":"Vidya Saravanapandian, Melika Madani, India Nichols, Scott Vincent, Mary Dover, Dante Dikeman, Benjamin D Philpot, Toru Takumi, Christopher S Colwell, Shafali Jeste, Ketema N Paul, Peyman Golshani","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09556-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09556-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep disturbances are a prevalent and complex comorbidity in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Dup15q syndrome (duplications of 15q11.2-13.1) is a genetic disorder highly penetrant for NDDs such as autism and intellectual disability and it is frequently accompanied by significant disruptions in sleep patterns. The 15q critical region harbors genes crucial for brain development, notably UBE3A and a cluster of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA<sub>A</sub>R) genes. We previously described an electrophysiological biomarker of the syndrome, marked by heightened beta oscillations (12-30 Hz) in individuals with Dup15q syndrome, akin to electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations induced by allosteric modulation of GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs. Those with Dup15q syndrome exhibited increased beta oscillations during the awake resting state and during sleep, and they showed profoundly abnormal NREM sleep. This study aims to assess the translational validity of these EEG signatures and to delve into their neurobiological underpinnings by quantifying sleep physiology in chromosome-engineered mice with maternal (matDp/ + mice) or paternal (patDp/ + mice) inheritance of the full 15q11.2-13.1-equivalent duplication, and mice with duplication of just the UBE3A gene (Ube3a overexpression mice; Ube3a OE mice) and comparing the sleep metrics with their respective wildtype (WT) littermate controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected 48-h EEG/EMG recordings from 35 (23 male, 12 female) 12-24-week-old matDp/ + , patDp/ + , Ube3a OE mice, and their WT littermate controls. We quantified baseline sleep, sleep fragmentation, spectral power dynamics during sleep states, and recovery following sleep deprivation. Within each group, distinctions between Dup15q mutant mice and WT littermate controls were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student's t-test. The impact of genotype and time was discerned through repeated measures ANOVA, and significance was established at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that across brain states, matDp/ + mice mirrored the elevated beta oscillation phenotype observed in clinical EEGs from individuals with Dup15q syndrome. Time to sleep onset after light onset was significantly reduced in matDp/ + and Ube3a OE mice. However, NREM sleep between Dup15q mutant and WT littermate mice remained unaltered, suggesting a divergence from the clinical presentation in humans. Additionally, while increased beta oscillations persisted in matDp/ + mice after 6-h of sleep deprivation, recovery NREM sleep remained unaltered in all groups, thus suggesting that these mice exhibit resilience in the fundamental processes governing sleep-wake regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Quantification of mechanistic and translatable EEG biomarkers is essential for advancing our understanding of NDDs and their underlying pathophysiology. Our study of sleep physiology in the Dup15q mi","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The developmental phenotype of motor delay in extremely preterm infants following early-life respiratory adversity is influenced by brain dysmaturation in the parietal lobe.","authors":"Wen-Hao Yu, Chi-Hsiang Chu, Li-Wen Chen, Yung-Chieh Lin, Chia-Lin Koh, Chao-Ching Huang","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09546-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09546-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research indicates that preterm infants requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation often exhibit suboptimal neurodevelopment at follow-up, coupled with altered brain development as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age (TEA). However, specific regions of brain dysmaturation and the subsequent neurodevelopmental phenotype following early-life adverse respiratory exposures remain unclear. Additionally, it is uncertain whether brain dysmaturation mediates neurodevelopmental outcomes after respiratory adversity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between early-life adverse respiratory exposures, brain dysmaturation at TEA, and the developmental phenotype observed during follow-up in extremely preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>89 infants born < 29 weeks' gestation from 2019 to 2021 received MRI examinations at TEA for structural and lobe brain volumes, which were adjusted with sex-and-postmenstrual-age expected volumes for volume residuals. Assisted ventilation patterns in the first 8 postnatal weeks were analyzed using kmlShape analyses. Patterns for motor, cognition, and language development were evaluated from corrected age 6 to 12 months using Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition. Mediation effects of brain volumes between early-life respiratory exposures and neurodevelopmental phenotypes were adjusted for sex, gestational age, maternal education, and severe brain injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two distinct respiratory trajectories with varying severity were identified: improving (n = 35, 39%) and delayed improvement (n = 54, 61%). Compared with the improving group, the delayed improvement group exhibited selectively reduced brain volume residuals in the parietal lobe (mean - 4.9 cm³, 95% confidence interval - 9.4 to - 0.3) at TEA and lower motor composite scores (- 8.7, - 14.2 to - 3.1) at corrected age 12 months. The association between delayed respiratory improvement and inferior motor performance (total effect - 8.7, - 14.8 to - 3.3) was partially mediated through reduced parietal lobe volume (natural indirect effect - 1.8, - 4.9 to - 0.01), suggesting a mediating effect of 20%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early-life adverse respiratory exposure is specifically linked to the parietal lobe dysmaturation and neurodevelopmental phenotype of motor delay at follow-up. Dysmaturation of the parietal lobe serves as a mediator in the connection between respiratory adversity and compromised motor development. Optimizing respiratory critical care may emerge as a potential avenue to mitigate the consequences of altered brain growth and motor developmental delay in this extremely preterm population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11247839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated clinical approach to children at genetic risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions: interdisciplinary collaboration and research infrastructure.","authors":"Jane Summers, Danielle Baribeau, Polina Perlman, Ny Hoang, Sunny Cui, Aneta Krakowski, Patricia Ambrozewicz, Ariel Ho, Thanuja Selvanayagam, Kinga A Sándor-Bajusz, Katrina Palad, Nishi Patel, Sarah McGaughey, Louise Gallagher, Stephen W Scherer, Peter Szatmari, Jacob Vorstman","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09552-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09552-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A sizeable proportion of pathogenic genetic variants identified in young children tested for congenital differences are associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders (NPD). In this growing group, a genetic diagnosis often precedes the emergence of diagnosable developmental concerns. Here, we describe DAGSY (Developmental Assessment of Genetically Susceptible Youth), a novel interdisciplinary 'genetic-diagnosis-first' clinic integrating psychiatric, psychological and genetic expertise, and report our first observations and feedback from families and referring clinicians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved data on referral sources and indications, genetic and NPD diagnoses and recommendations for children seen at DAGSY between 2018 and 2022. Through a survey, we obtained feedback from twenty families and eleven referring clinicians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>159 children (mean age 10.2 years, 57.2% males) completed an interdisciplinary (psychiatry, psychology, genetic counselling) DAGSY assessment during this period. Of these, 69.8% had a pathogenic microdeletion or microduplication, 21.5% a sequence-level variant, 4.4% a chromosomal disorder, and 4.4% a variant of unknown significance with emerging evidence of pathogenicity. One in four children did not have a prior NPD diagnosis, and referral to DAGSY was motivated by their genetic vulnerability alone. Following assessment, 76.7% received at least one new NPD diagnosis, most frequently intellectual disability (24.5%), anxiety (20.7%), autism spectrum (18.9%) and specific learning (16.4%) disorder. Both families and clinicians responding to our survey expressed satisfaction, but also highlighted some areas for potential improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DAGSY addresses an unmet clinical need for children identified with genetic variants that confer increased vulnerability for NPD and provides a crucial platform for research in this area. DAGSY can serve as a model for interdisciplinary clinics integrating child psychiatry, psychology and genetics, addressing both clinical and research needs for this emerging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental change of brain volume in Rett syndrome in Taiwan.","authors":"Tz-Yun Jan, Lee-Chin Wong, Chia-Jui Hsu, Chien-Feng Judith Huang, Steven Shinn-Forng Peng, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng, Wang-Tso Lee","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09549-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09549-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Rett syndrome (RTT) is characterized by neurological regression. This pioneering study investigated the effect of age on brain volume reduction by analyzing magnetic resonance imaging findings in participants with RTT, ranging from toddlers to adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Functional evaluation and neuroimaging were performed. All scans were acquired using a Siemens Tim Trio 3 T scanner with a 32-channel head coil.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total intracranial volume and cerebral white matter volume significantly increased with age in the control group compared with that in the RTT group (p < 0.05). Cortical gray matter volume reduction in the RTT group continued to increase in bilateral parietal lobes and left occipital lobes (p < 0.05). The differences in cortical gray matter volume between typically developing brain and RTT-affected brain may tend to continuously increase until adulthood in both temporal lobes although not significant after correction for multiple comparison.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant reduction in brain volume was observed in the RTT group. Cortical gray matter volume in the RTT group continued to reduce in bilateral parietal lobes and left occipital lobes. These results provide a baseline for future studies on the effect of RTT treatment and related neuroscience research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11223417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer-vision analysis of craniofacial dysmorphology in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and psychosis spectrum disorders.","authors":"David R Roalf, Donna M McDonald-McGinn, Joelle Jee, Mckenna Krall, T Blaine Crowley, Paul J Moberg, Christian Kohler, Monica E Calkins, Andrew J D Crow, Nicole Fleischer, R Sean Gallagher, Virgilio Gonzenbach, Kelly Clark, Ruben C Gur, Emily McClellan, Daniel E McGinn, Arianna Mordy, Kosha Ruparel, Bruce I Turetsky, Russell T Shinohara, Lauren White, Elaine Zackai, Raquel E Gur","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09547-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09547-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are congenital morphological abnormalities linked to disruptions of fetal development. MPAs are common in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and psychosis spectrum disorders (PS) and likely represent a disruption of early embryologic development that may help identify overlapping mechanisms linked to psychosis in these disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, 2D digital photographs were collected from 22q11DS (n = 150), PS (n = 55), and typically developing (TD; n = 93) individuals. Photographs were analyzed using two computer-vision techniques: (1) DeepGestalt algorithm (Face2Gene (F2G)) technology to identify the presence of genetically mediated facial disorders, and (2) Emotrics-a semi-automated machine learning technique that localizes and measures facial features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>F2G reliably identified patients with 22q11DS; faces of PS patients were matched to several genetic conditions including FragileX and 22q11DS. PCA-derived factor loadings of all F2G scores indicated unique and overlapping facial patterns that were related to both 22q11DS and PS. Regional facial measurements of the eyes and nose were smaller in 22q11DS as compared to TD, while PS showed intermediate measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The extent to which craniofacial dysmorphology 22q11DS and PS overlapping and evident before the impairment or distress of sub-psychotic symptoms may allow us to identify at-risk youths more reliably and at an earlier stage of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11201300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a high threshold of sensory responsiveness affect the development of pretend play in children on the autism spectrum?","authors":"Karolina Krzysztofik","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09551-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09551-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among the current avenues of research into the origins and development of the autism spectrum, those concerning atypical levels of sensory responsiveness are gaining increasing relevance. Researchers note the relationship of sensory responsiveness in children on the autism spectrum to their motor, cognitive and social development. Current research reports combines the responsiveness to sensory stimuli also with the development of pretend play. Aim of this study was to verify the relationship between the level of development of pretend play and the level of sensory responsiveness in children on the autism spectrum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study was conducted in a group of 63 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum aged from 3 years and 7 months to 9 years and 3 months using: Pretend Play subscale from the Theory of Mind Mechanism Scale and Sensory Experiences Questionnaire version 2.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that elevated sensory hyporesponsiveness predicted low pretend play skills in the group of participating children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study verified the contribution of the level of sensory hyporesponsiveness to explaining the atypical development of pretend play in children on the autism spectrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11197220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric brain reductions in adult patients with phenylketonuria and their relationship with blood phenylalanine levels.","authors":"Jèssica Pardo, Clara Capdevila-Lacasa, Bàrbara Segura, Adriana Pané, Cristina Montserrat, Maria de Talló Forga-Visa, Pedro J Moreno, Glòria Garrabou, Josep M Grau-Junyent, Carme Junqué","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09553-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09553-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Continued dietary treatment since early diagnosis through newborn screening programs usually prevents brain-related complications in phenylketonuria (PKU). However, subtle neurocognitive and brain alterations may be observed in some adult patients despite early treatment. Nevertheless, neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in the field remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This work aimed to determine possible neuropsychological and structural brain alterations in treated adult patients with PKU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five patients with PKU and 22 healthy controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological assessment and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging on a 3 T scanner. FreeSurfer (v.7.1) was used to obtain volumetric measures and SPSS (v27.0.1.0) was used to analyze sociodemographic, neuropsychological, volumetric, and clinical data (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adult patients with PKU showed significantly lower performance than HC in Full Scale IQ (t = 2.67; p = .010) from the WAIS-IV. The PKU group also showed significantly lower volumes than HC in the pallidum (U = 224.000; p = .008), hippocampus (U = 243.000; p = .020), amygdala (U = 200.000; p = .002), and brainstem (t = 3.17; p = .006) as well as in total cerebral white matter volume (U = 175.000; p = .001). Blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels in PKU patients were negatively correlated with the pallidum (r = -0.417; p = .013) and brainstem (r = -0.455, p = .006) volumes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adult patients with early-treated PKU showed significantly lower global intelligence than HC. Moreover, these patients showed reduced global white matter volume as well as reductions in the volume of several subcortical grey matter structures, which might be related to the existence of underlying neurodevelopmental alterations. Higher blood Phe levels were also negatively correlated with pallidum and brainstem, suggesting a higher vulnerability of these structures to Phe toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental milestones and daily living skills in individuals with Angelman syndrome.","authors":"Anjali Sadhwani, Sonya Powers, Anne Wheeler, Hillary Miller, Sarah Nelson Potter, Sarika U Peters, Carlos A Bacino, Steven A Skinner, Logan K Wink, Craig A Erickson, Lynne M Bird, Wen-Hann Tan","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09548-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09548-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with severe global developmental delay. However, the ages at which different developmental skills are achieved in these individuals remain unclear. We seek to determine the probability and the age of acquisition of specific developmental milestones and daily living skills in individuals with AS across the different molecular subtypes, viz. class I deletion, class II deletion, uniparental disomy, imprinting defect, and UBE3A variants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Caregivers participating in a longitudinal multicenter Angelman Syndrome Natural History Study completed a questionnaire regarding the age at which their children achieved specific developmental milestones and daily living skills. The Cox Proportional Hazard model was applied to analyze differences in the probability of achievement of skills at various ages among five molecular subtypes of AS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost all individuals, regardless of molecular subtype, were able to walk with support by five years of age. By age 15, those with a deletion had at least a 50% probability of acquiring 17 out of 30 skills compared to 25 out of 30 skills among those without a deletion. Overall, fine and gross motor skills such as holding and reaching for small objects, sitting, and walking with support were achieved within a fairly narrow range of ages, while toileting, feeding, and hygiene skills tend to have greater variability in the ages at which these skills were achieved. Those without a deletion had a higher probability (25-92%) of achieving daily living skills such as independently toileting and dressing compared to those with a deletion (0-13%). Across all molecular subtypes, there was a low probability of achieving independence in bathing and brushing teeth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with AS without a deletion are more likely to achieve developmental milestones and daily living skills at an earlier age than those with a deletion. Many individuals with AS are unable to achieve daily living skills necessary for independent self-care.</p>","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11179294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From wings to whiskers to stem cells: why every model matters in fragile X syndrome research.","authors":"Soraya O Sandoval, Natasha M Méndez-Albelo, Zhiyan Xu, Xinyu Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09545-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09545-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by epigenetic silencing of the X-linked fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene located on chromosome Xq27.3, which leads to the loss of its protein product, fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP). It is the most prevalent inherited form of intellectual disability and the highest single genetic cause of autism. Since the discovery of the genetic basis of FXS, extensive studies using animal models and human pluripotent stem cells have unveiled the functions of FMRP and mechanisms underlying FXS. However, clinical trials have not yielded successful treatment. Here we review what we have learned from commonly used models for FXS, potential limitations of these models, and recommendations for future steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11177515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental associations between cognition and adaptive behavior in intellectual and developmental disability.","authors":"Andrew Dakopolos, Emma Condy, Elizabeth Smith, Danielle Harvey, Aaron J Kaat, Jeanine Coleman, Karen Riley, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, David Hessl","doi":"10.1186/s11689-024-09542-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11689-024-09542-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are associated with both cognitive challenges and difficulties in conceptual, social, and practical areas of living, commonly referred to as adaptive behavior (DSM-5). Although cross-sectional associations between intelligence or cognition and adaptive behavior have been reported in IDD populations, no study to date has examined whether developmental changes in cognition contribute to or track with changes in adaptive behavior. The present study sought to examine associations of longitudinal developmental change in domains of cognition (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, NIHTB-CB) and adaptive behavior domains (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-3; VABS-3) including Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living Skills (DLS) over a two year period in a large sample of children, adolescents and young adults with IDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three groups were recruited, including those with fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and other/idiopathic intellectual disability. Eligible participants (n = 263) included those who were between 6 and 26 years (m_age = 15.52, sd = 5.17) at Visit 1, and who had a diagnosis of, or suspected intellectual disability (ID), including borderline ID, with a mental age of at least 3.0 years. Participants were given cognitive and adaptive behavior assessments at two time points over a two year period (m = 2.45 years, range = 1.27 to 5.56 years). In order to examine the association of developmental change between cognitive and adaptive behavior domains, bivariate latent change score (BLCS) models were fit to compare change in the three cognitive domains measured by the NIHTB-CB (Fluid Cognition, Crystallized Cognition, Total Cognition) and the three adaptive behavior domains measured by the VABS-3 (Communication, DLS, and Socialization).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a two year period, change in cognition (both Crystallized and Total Composites) was significantly and positively associated with change in daily living skills. Also, baseline cognition level predicted growth in adaptive behavior, however baseline adaptive behavior did not predict growth in cognition in any model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study demonstrated that developmental changes in cognition and adaptive behavior are associated in children and young adults with IDD, indicating the potential for cross-domain effects of intervention. Notably, improvements in DLS emerged as a primary area of adaptive behavior that positively related to improvements in cognition. This work provides evidence for the clinical, \"real life\" meaningfulness of changes in cognition detected by the NIHTB-CB in IDD, and provides empirical support for the NIHTB-CB as a fit-for-purpose performance-based outcome measure for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11177479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}