Journal of Morphology最新文献

{"title":"Suction Feeding in Dendropsophus cerradensis Tadpoles: New Behavioral Observations and Morphological Traits in a Member of the D. microcephalus Group (Anura, Hylidae)","authors":"Barbara Caroline Marcondes,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique dos Santos Dias,&nbsp;Raíla Brena Araújo,&nbsp;Guilherme Castro Franco de Lima,&nbsp;Caroline Cuervo-Santos,&nbsp;Caroline Batistim Oswald,&nbsp;Rafael Felix Magalhães,&nbsp;Sebastião Roberto Taboga,&nbsp;Tiago Leite Pezzuti","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present, for the first time, the suction feeding behavior of the tadpole of <i>Dendropsophus cerradensis</i> (Hylidae, Dendropsophini), along with a detailed description of its external morphology, buccopharyngeal cavity, and musculoskeletal system. The tadpole exhibits a depressed body, anteriorly positioned nostrils, a modified oral disc (completely covered by external folds), and a low tail, resembling other members of the <i>D. microcephalus</i> group. The buccopharyngeal cavity is reduced in features, with internal nares positioned at an acute angle and covered by prenarial papillae, exclusive for this species. Muscle insertion patterns are generally consistent with other Dendropsophini tadpoles, except for the insertion of the m. levator mandibulae longus profundus on Meckel's cartilage. The feeding behavior is characterized by the use of an oral tube that protrudes exclusively during predation. This mechanism may be associated with robust mandibular and hyoid musculature, as well as a modified cranial structure—including a unique suprarostral element, quadrangular muscular processes, robust ceratohyals, and a reduced branchial basket in the hyobranchial skeleton—which enables fast suction movements. This study presents a previously unknown aspect of the protractile oral tube and feeding behavior of the <i>D. microcephalus</i> group, providing new insights into the morphology and feeding behavior of the group.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quantitative Analysis of the Manus Musculature in Tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae)","authors":"Jamie A. MacLaren,&nbsp;Eva Corssmit,&nbsp;Martha MacMillan,&nbsp;Jorge Rojas-Jimenez","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The distal limb of many hooved mammals (ungulates) has become highly specialised, with tendonised muscles and elongate bones and ligaments. Several clades of ungulates retain fleshy, muscularised distal forelimbs; these include hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. Of these species, tapirs (Tapiridae: <i>Tapirus</i>) represent the most plesiomorphic manus anatomy for its higher taxonomic group (Perissodactyla); the tetradactyl manus of tapirs is reminiscent of the earliest members of the lineages leading to modern horses (equids) and rhinocerotids. Within the tapir manus, osteological evidence indicates clear differences in load distribution, digit use during locomotion, and phylogenetic signal in the shape of certain bony elements. To date, no quantitative investigation has ever been performed to explore differences in the muscular anatomy of the tapir distal forelimb (manus). Here, we conducted a comparative muscle architecture quantification of the muscles which are intrinsic to the tapir manus, across all four extant species (<i>Tapirus indicus, T. bairdii, T. pinchaque, T. terrestris</i>). Despite limited sample sizes, we observed notable variation across the different species with regard to the force-generating potential of the muscles (based on physiological cross-sectional area, PCSA) and the shortening range of each muscle (based on fascicle length). High force-generating capacities were recovered for the interosseus muscles (preventing hyperextension) for the third and fourth digits, as may be expected for a mesaxonic manus such as that of <i>Tapirus</i>. Our results also indicate subtle differences in patterns of force-generating potential in the interosseus muscles between specimens housed in captivity and those from the wild, specifically living in upland rainforest and exhibiting ranging behaviour up and downhill on a regular basis. These data offer tantalising insights into the variation in the force-excursion relationship in the muscles of the ungulate manus, providing both qualitative and quantitative information for veterinarians, biologists, and palaeontologists investigating perissodactyl locomotor anatomy and evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Microstructure Morphology Results in Variable Wettability Across Feather Types in a Terrestrial Bird Species","authors":"Frank M.S. Muzio,&nbsp;Margaret A. Rubega","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Feathers might be best known for the pivotal role they play in powered flight, yet they also serve to create a bird's protective barrier to the external environment. This, in part, includes repelling water and keeping birds dry. We argue feather water repellency is among the most crucial feather functions as many other functions rely on dryness for success. All birds interact with water to some degree, and they all evolved from a terrestrial ancestor, suggesting that the feathers of even the most terrestrial birds should have the basic structures required to keep water from penetrating to a bird's skin. Most feather water repellency studies have focused only on aquatic groups, ignoring its necessity in terrestrial birds. Additionally, most use only one feather type, typically the breast feather, assuming that wettability is the same over the whole surface of the body despite feathers differing structurally rather extensively across the body of a bird. Here, we directly measure feather wettability and multiple aspects of microstructure morphology of different feather types across the body. We focus on one species, the Cooper's hawk (<i>Accipiter cooperii</i>), a medium-sized, terrestrial raptor that has minimal exposure to water. We find that even terrestrial birds have hydrophobic feathers, yet wettability varies across different feather types. We also found correlations between barbule morphology and wettability, suggesting barbules play an important role in how feathers repel water. This study provides a baseline understanding of feather morphological variation across a bird at the most basic need for water repellency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogeny of a Brazilian Late Triassic Traversodontid (Cynodontia, Cynognathia): Anatomical and Paleoecological Implications","authors":"Lívia Roese-Miron,&nbsp;Leonardo Kerber","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Investigating the developmental patterns of extinct species provides valuable insights into their anatomy, biology and ecomorphological adaptations. Research on the ontogeny of non-mammaliaform cynodonts has offered significant contributions to our understanding of these aspects. Here, we aim to describe and discuss the intraspecific and ontogenetic variation of the skull of the Brazilian traversodontid <i>Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum</i> (Candelária Sequence, Upper Triassic). We evaluated an ontogenetic series of the species through qualitative comparison and allometric analyses using cranial measures. Our findings reveal several trends during skull growth, including a relative increase in rostrum length, a relative decrease in orbit size, and changes in the zygomatic arch and temporal fenestra proportions. These patterns, when analyzed in the context of the adductor musculature, may be correlated with changes in feeding behaviour, similar to those described for the gomphodontosuchine <i>Exaeretodon argentinus</i>. We also report changes in cranial ornamentation, bone fusion, and suture complexity throughout ontogeny. Overall, this study provides a greater understanding of the cranial ontogenetic patterns of <i>S. niemeyerorum</i>, contributing to the knowledge of its intraspecific variation. The possible ecological implications of these findings highlight the importance of ontogenetic studies for elucidating the biology of extinct taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformations of Head Structures During the Larval Development of the Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens (Stratiomyidae, Diptera)","authors":"Benjamin Fabian,&nbsp;Katharina Schneeberg,&nbsp;Stephan Löwe,&nbsp;René Bauernfeind,&nbsp;Rolf Georg Beutel","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Larvae of the black soldier fly, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, are currently intensively studied, owing to their potential importance in various fields such as waste bioconversion, forensic entomology, and food supply for humans and life stock. Despite the increased attention, a detailed anatomical documentation of the larvae using modern methods is lacking, and even statements on the number of larval stages are contradictory. Misinterpretations of the ontogeny of this species have led to frequent erroneous identifications of the last larval instar as pupa. Consequently, many studies with a focus on larval morphology have neglected the last larval stage. In this contribution, we describe and document morphological changes of the larval head throughout the postembryonic development, with emphasis on the transition between the last two instars. This is characterized by a crucial behavioral shift from a feeding stage to a stage of increased vagility. We show that different cephalic structures undergo major changes, especially the mandibulo-maxillary complex and the digestive tract, and associated muscles. Our measurements of the body length and the length of the head capsule tentatively confirm that the larval development of <i>H. illucens</i> passes through seven instars.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slippery and Smooth Shark Skin: How Mucus Transforms Surface Texture","authors":"Melanie J. Fischer,&nbsp;George V. Lauder,&nbsp;Dylan K. Wainwright","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shark skin is covered in denticles that provide texture important for hydrodynamic function. In bony fishes, both skin texture and function are modified by mucus that covers the outermost layer of the skin and scales. Despite the similar potential for mucus to change skin texture and function in shark skin, little is known about the occurrence and effect of external mucus in sharks. Specifically, we do not know where mucus is present along the shark body or how mucus alters surface texture, which could alter denticle function. To fill these gaps, we obtained individuals of <i>Mustelus canis</i> (dusky smooth-hound shark) and used gel-based profilometry to quantify the texture of the three-dimensional surface at eight body regions under two conditions: (1) a live anesthetized condition with mucus and (2) a condition after mucus was removed during preservation. We discovered that mucus covers and obscures the denticles on the dorsal fin and tail trailing edge tips; as a result, these regions were smoother and had a different surface texture than the preserved condition at the same region. Specifically, five parameters were significantly changed by mucus in these regions: roughness, skew, kurtosis, developed interfacial area ratio, and exposed area of the denticles. Notably, mucus did not change surface texture at any of the other body regions. Both the tips of the dorsal fin and tail are regions where flow separates and vortices are shed, so these results could indicate that mucus is modifying the boundary layer flow. Our results demonstrate that shark skin mucus is secreted selectively in particular body regions and that it can drastically change the surface texture when present. These findings suggest a need to both explore the morphology and properties of shark mucus and to consider mucus in studies of shark skin hydrodynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perichordal Vertebral Column Formation in Rana kobai","authors":"Yu Takahashi,&nbsp;Takeshi Igawa,&nbsp;Chiyo Nanba,&nbsp;Hajime Ogino,&nbsp;Hideho Uchiyama,&nbsp;Satoshi Kitajima","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The vertebral column of anurans exhibits morphological diversity that is often used in phylogenetic studies. The family <i>Ranidae</i> is one of the ecologically most successful groups of anurans, with the genus <i>Rana</i> being distributed broadly in Eurasia. However, there are relatively sparse detailed studies on the development of the vertebral column in <i>Rana</i> species, and images of the entire axial skeleton have seldom been illustrated till date. Here, we provide an illustrated description on the development of the entire vertebral column in <i>Rana kobai</i>, a Japanese small frog from the Amami Islands. Our observation of double-stained skeletal specimens revealed that in <i>R. kobai</i>, the original atlas and the first dorsal are fused into one vertebra, and the ninth neural arch is fused with the tenth arch in half of the examined larvae. Anuran vertebral column development is classified into two modes, perichordal and epichordal. <i>Rana</i> species undergo the typical perichordal mode of centrum formation. Kemp and Hoyt (1969) described that centrum formation in <i>R. pipiens</i> starts from a saddle-shaped bone on the dorsal half of the notochord. Nevertheless, our detailed observations revealed that centrum ossification initially emerges at the base of the paired neural arches and then forms the saddle-shaped bone. In <i>Xenopus</i>, a species with epichordal centra, centrum formation starts from a pair of ovoid bone elements at the base of the neural arches. Overall, our results imply that centrum ossification starts from the base of neural arches in anurans, irrespective of whether it is perichordal or epichordal. Our observations also revealed the presence of the crescent-shaped cartilage domain in the intervertebral region in <i>R. kobai</i>. The location of the crescent-shaped domain in <i>R. kobai</i> is consistent with that of the intercentrum in <i>Ichthyostega</i> and several temnospondyls. Based on our observations, we propose a hypothesis on the difference between perichordal and epichordal modes in light of evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism of Tarsal Attachment Devices and Their Relation to Mating in Coccinellidae","authors":"Valerio Saitta,&nbsp;Manuela Rebora,&nbsp;Silvana Piersanti,&nbsp;Giorgia Carboni Marri,&nbsp;Paolo Masini,&nbsp;Elena Gorb,&nbsp;Alessia Iacovone,&nbsp;Gianandrea Salerno,&nbsp;Stanislav Gorb","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the coevolution of male attachment devices and female elytral morphology in coccinellid beetles, focusing on the sexual dimorphism of claws and adhesive pads. We analyzed 11 species from different tribes with different feeding regime, examining the structure of male and female attachment organs (claws and hairy pads) in relation to the surface structure of female elytra. Our findings show that disco-setae, which enhance adhesion during mating, are present only in males of some species and are localized on the hairy pads of their legs. These setae exhibit morphological adaptations based on the surface structure of female elytra, with larger discoid setal tips in species with smooth elytra and smaller tips in those with hairy elytra. Additionally, male beetles with hairy elytra possess dimorphic claws, which enhance attachment efficiency compared to species with smooth elytra, where claw dimorphism is less pronounced. Our results reveal that sexual dimorphism in hairy pads is more pronounced in larger species, where claw dimorphism is absent, while in smaller species, claw dimorphism alone suffices for effective attachment. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolutionary dynamics shaping attachment adaptations in Coccinellidae, with implications for reproductive strategies, pest management, and ecological interactions in this diverse beetle family.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Variation in the Genitalia of the Burmese Python","authors":"Rachel Keeffe,&nbsp;Brandon P. Hedrick,&nbsp;Ian Bartoszek,&nbsp;Ian Easterling,&nbsp;Patricia L. R. Brennan","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the remarkable morphological diversity found in vertebrate genitalia, it has historically been difficult to quantify shape variation of soft tissue structures due to limitations of 3D landmarking methods. New techniques such as automatic landmarking now allow us to examine such structures in detail, and with these methods we quantify the intraspecific variation in the genitalia of Burmese pythons (<i>Python bivittatus</i>). Despite previous assertions that a vaginal pouch is not present in pythons, we find that <i>P. bivittatus</i> have well developed vaginal pouches, that are morphologically diverse, and change shape over ontogeny. Vaginal pouches and hemipenes are isometric. Hemipenes also vary in shape ontogenetically, but we find no evidence of directional asymmetry in shape or size between adult right and left hemipenes suggesting a lack of laterality. We identify a potentially intersex neonate with hemipenes, testes, and a vaginal pouch. We discuss our results in the context of snake genital evolution and suggest other mechanisms for selection beyond the standard “lock and key” hypothesis. Future work examining genital shape variation of other snake families will provide more insight into the coevolutionary patterns shaping the genitalia diversity across snakes and vertebrates more broadly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Neuronal Processes, Including the Mauthner Axon, Form a Multi-Axial Fiber Within a Common Myelin Sheath in the Central Nervous System of Adult Lungfishes, Protopterus annectens, Lepidosiren paradoxa, and Neoceratodus forsteri","authors":"Steven J. Zottoli,&nbsp;Leonard K. Kaczmarek,&nbsp;Donald S. Faber","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mauthner cells are found in most fish and amphibians. The prominence of their large fiber is commonly used as one criterion to identify the presence of these cells in fish and the largest of these fibers have been reported in lungfish. While some authors believe that Mauthner fibers in lungfish contain a single axon, others report that many processes join the Mauthner axon (M-axon) inside a common myelin sheath to form a “multi-axial fiber.” To distinguish between these two possibilities, we have used light and transmission electron microscopy to determine whether multi-axial fibers exist in African, <i>Protopterus annectens</i>, Australian, <i>Neoceratodus forsteri</i>, and South American, <i>Lepidosiren paradoxa</i>, lungfish. Ultrastructural analysis provides evidence of a multi-axial fiber that contains a M-axon, non-M-axons and glial processes within a common myelin sheath. The glial processes form myelin and paranodal-like structures. Stacked desmosome-like structures have been identified that may be part of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. We discuss how the electrical activity of a select group of axons may affect that of other axons within a common myelin sheath.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}