Journal of Morphology最新文献

{"title":"Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry of Woodpecker Tail Muscles","authors":"Kyle Spainhower,&nbsp;Ron A. Meyers","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmor.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Woodpeckers (Order Piciformes) belong to a group of birds characterized by their hammering capabilities in which the bill is utilized as a tool to probe for food and to excavate nest cavities. They have numerous specializations for this behavior, including their bill and tongue, feet for gripping vertical tree trunks, and tail feathers with thickened shafts to provide stability as a postural appendage. We hypothesized that (1) woodpecker tail musculature is also modified for clinging behaviors with a heterogeneous distribution of fast and slow muscle fibers, and that (2) the tree-trunk foraging Hairy Woodpeckers would have more slow muscle fibers in their <i>M. depressor caudae</i> than Northern Flickers, which forage on the ground where they probe the substrate for insects. We performed immunohistochemistry to identify the fiber type distributions for tail muscles <i>Mm</i>. <i>caudofemoralis pars caudalis, lateralis caudae, levator caudae</i>, and <i>depressor caudae</i> in four Hairy Woodpeckers and five Northern Flickers. Our results show that these tail muscles in the two woodpecker species are comprised of a majority of fast muscle fibers common among dynamic locomotor muscles. Interestingly, we report a functionally-significant distribution of slow muscle fibers in <i>M. depressor caudae</i> predicted to be utilized in propping of the tail during tree climbing and support. Further, we found more slow fibers (13.80% ± 4.49%) in the trunk-foraging Hairy Woodpeckers compared with the ground-foraging Northern Flicker (7.40% ± 4.95%), which we interpret to be related to the trunk-foraging habits of Hairy Woodpeckers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Old Questions With New Methods: The Effect of Embryonic Motility on Skull Development in the Domestic Chick","authors":"Akinobu Watanabe,&nbsp;Izza Arqam,&nbsp;Meredith J. Taylor,&nbsp;Julia L. Molnar","doi":"10.1002/jmor.21785","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmor.21785","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle loading is known to influence skeletal morphology. Therefore, modification of the biomechanical environment is expected to cause coordinated morphological changes to the bony and cartilaginous tissues. Understanding how this musculoskeletal coordination contributes to morphological variation has relevance to health sciences, developmental biology, and evolutionary biology. To investigate how muscle loading influences skeletal morphology, we replicate a classic in ovo embryology experiment in the domestic chick (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) while harnessing modern methodologies that allow us to quantify skeletal anatomy more precisely and in situ. We induced rigid muscle paralysis in developing chicks mid-incubation, then compared the morphology of the cranium and mandible between immobilized and untreated embryos using microcomputed tomography and landmark-based geometric morphometric methods. Like earlier studies, we found predictable differences in the size and shape of the cranium and mandible in paralyzed chicks. These differences were concentrated in areas known to experience high strains during feeding, including the jaw joint and jaw muscle attachment sites. These results highlight specific areas of the skull that appear to be mechanosensitive and suggest muscles that could produce the biomechanical stimuli necessary for normal hatchling morphology. Interestingly, these same areas correspond to areas that show the greatest disparity and fastest evolutionary rates across the avian diversity, which suggests that the musculoskeletal integration observed during development extends to macroevolutionary scales. Thus, selection and evolutionary changes to muscle physiology and architecture could generate large and predictable changes to skull morphology. Building upon previous work, the adoption of modern imaging and morphometric techniques allows richer characterization of musculoskeletal integration that empowers researchers to understand how tissue-to-tissue interactions contribute to overall phenotypic variation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Brain Morphology Discovered in the Shark Parasite Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha)","authors":"Natalia M. Biserova,&nbsp;Anna A. Margarit","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmor.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ultrastructure of the nervous system has been studied in sexually mature <i>Nybelinia surmenicola</i> (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the intestine of a shark <i>Lamna ditropis</i>. The central nervous system (CNS) reveals a complex organization within cestodes and corresponds to the trypanorhynch pattern of brain architecture. The brain of <i>N. surmenicola</i> is differentiated into nine clearly defined lobes and semicircular, median, and X-shaped cruciate commissures. A specific feature is the presence of a powerful extracellular capsule that surrounds the brain lobes with the cortical glial cells. Moreover, the architecture of the anterior lobes clearly distinguishes the species of Tentacularioidea. The neurons of the anterior lobes form compact groups looking like frontal horns. There are approximately 120 neurons in the anterior lobes and a preliminary estimate of more than 300 perikarya in the brain. Several ultrastructural types of neurons have been identified, differing in the size and shape of the soma, the density of the cytoplasm, and the ultrastructure of synaptic vesicles. Numerous synapses involving clear and electron-dense vesicles have been observed in neuropils. Two types of glial cells have been found in the brain that participate in neuronal metabolism and wrap around the giant axons, brain lobes, neuropil compartments, and the main nerve cords. Such a powerful extracellular fibrillar brain capsule has not been observed in the brain of other studied cestodes and has been demonstrated in this study for the first time. The differentiation of the brain lobes reveals the important role of the rhyncheal system in the evolution of cestodes and correlates with their behavior. The anterior nerves arising from the anterior lobes innervate the radial muscles stabilizing the position of the tentacle sheaths and movements of the attachment organs. The nervous system anatomy and the brain architecture may reflect the morphofunctional aspects of the tapeworm evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperostosis in Fishes: An Update With New Species Records","authors":"William F. Smith-Vaniz,&nbsp;Julia Klein,&nbsp;Harald Ahnelt","doi":"10.1002/jmor.21782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21782","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Literature reports of hyperostosis are often misleading and have been confused with osteomas, a pathological condition. Hyperostotic bones are known to occur only in bony fishes of the class Actinopterygii, within at least 16 orders, 35 families, 89 genera, and 153 species. They are present almost exclusively in marine fishes and exceptionally in a few extinct freshwater species known from hypersaline environments and one extant cichlid. Hyperostosis is best represented in the family Carangidae where it is known to occur in 53 of approximately 181 valid species. We also provide a synthetic report on what we know and what misconceptions exist regarding hyperostosis. Patterns of hyperostosis are often species-specific but provide no useful phylogenetic information. In species known to develop hyperostosis, it is usually not apparent (non-histologically) in juveniles and typically only becomes fully developed in the largest individuals. The timing of hyperostosis on-set in different bones is often sequential rather than simultaneous across different bones. Most marine Neoteleostei have acellular skeletons but histological observations have shown that in species exhibiting hyperostosis, areas of active remodeling are composed primarily of cellular bone characterized by a rich vascular network and bone-resorbing osteoclasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.21782","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Placentation in Eugongylini (Squamata: Scincidae): Ontogeny of Extraembryonic Membranes in Oviparous and Viviparous Species of New Zealand","authors":"James R. Stewart,&nbsp;Kelly M. Hare,&nbsp;Michael B. Thompson","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New Zealand scincid lizards, genus <i>Oligosoma</i>, represent a monophyletic radiation of a clade, Eugongylini, of species distributed geographically throughout the South Pacific with major radiations in Australia and New Caledonia. Viviparity has evolved independently on multiple occasions within these lineages. Studies of Australian species have revealed that placental specializations resulting in substantial placentotrophy have evolved in two lineages. The pattern of extraembryonic membrane development of oviparous species differs from viviparous species and identical placental architecture has evolved in both placentotrophic lineages. We analyzed extraembryonic membrane development in two New Zealand species, the sole oviparous species, <i>Oligosoma suteri</i>, and placental development of a representative viviparous species, <i>Oligosoma polychroma</i>, using histological techniques. We conclude that these two species share a basic pattern of extraembryonic membrane development with other squamates. Comparisons with Australian species indicate that morphogenesis of the yolk sac of <i>O. suteri</i> results in an elaborate structure previously known only in <i>Oligosoma lichenigerum</i> with a geographic distribution on Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. This finding supports a close relationship between these two taxa. We conclude also that the pattern of placental development of <i>O. polychroma</i> is identical to that of viviparous species of Australia. The terminal placental stage for each of these lineages includes a chorioallantoic placenta and an elaborate omphaloplacenta. This level of homoplasy in placental evolution is consistent with a hypothesis that selection favors regional differentiation of the maternal–embryonic interface and that the omphaloplacenta is an adaptation for histotrophic transport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aesthete Pattern Diversity in Chiton Clades (Mollusca: Polyplacophora): Balancing Sensory Structures and Strength in Valve Architecture","authors":"Andre Ampuero,&nbsp;Katarzyna Vončina,&nbsp;Dilworth Y. Parkinson,&nbsp;Julia D. Sigwart","doi":"10.1002/jmor.21784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21784","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chitons possess the most elaborate system of shell pores found in any hard-shelled invertebrate. Although chitons possess some anteriorly located sense organs, they lack true cephalization, as their major sensory systems are not concentrated in a distinct head region. Instead, the aesthete system within their shells forms a dense sensory network that overcomes the barrier of their hard dorsal armour. The basic arrangement of neural structures embedded within a solid, opaque matrix, has confounded understanding of the overall network. In this study, we use synchrotron X-ray μCT to visualise the aesthete canal networks inside chiton valves. We selected representatives from all three major chiton clades: Lepidopleurida, the basal branching clade, and Callochitonida and Chitonida, which both have more complex shell morphology, to compare internal structure. Lepidopleurida aesthete canals are oriented vertically and pass directly through the shell to connect with the body. By contrast, aesthetes canals in Callochitonida and Chitonida have complex internal structures with extended horizontal passages, coalescing at the shell diagonal that corresponds to the valve insertion slits. This represents a stepwise evolution of chiton shell form, where thicker and more complex valves require a diverting and rewiring of the entire sensory network. Aspects of the aesthete system, such as the microscopic arrangement of surface pores, have long been used in chiton taxonomy for species diagnoses; insertion slits should also be understood as a secondary feature of the aesthete system. Chiton shell structures that are used for morphological systematics are driven by sensory adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.21784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defensive Behavior and Integumentary Morphology of the Hairy Dwarf Porcupine Coendou spinosus (Rodentia: Erethizontidae)","authors":"Isabela Tanuri Bessa,&nbsp;Thais Marques Cancela,&nbsp;Carlos Ramón Ruiz-Miranda,&nbsp;Ana Lúcia Rosa do Nascimento,&nbsp;Jorge José de Carvalho,&nbsp;Gastón Andrés Fernandez Giné,&nbsp;Vinicius Novaes Rocha","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) exhibit behaviors and possess integumentary structures, including the quills, that are used for self-defense. The North American porcupine (<i>Erethizon dorsatum</i>) has been well studied regarding these features; however, information is lacking for the South American <i>Coendou</i> species. We describe the defensive behavior and integumentary morphology of <i>Coendou spinosus</i> to understand the defensive strategies of this species and to compare with those reported for other species. We assessed the behaviors related to warning, defense, and escape of eight porcupines, as well as the characteristics of their pelage and quills. Furthermore, we microscopically analyzed skin samples of a roadkill adult male specimen. Similar to <i>E. dorsatum</i>, <i>C. spinosus</i> exhibited omnidirectional quill erection, revealing an aposematic color and, with their backs toward the perceived human threat, they performed quick tail and body movements to strike the hands of the human trying to capture them by the tail. Furthermore, <i>C. spinosus</i> presented an integumentary structure similar to that of <i>E. dorsatum</i>, and mechanisms to facilitate quill release when touched, penetration, and fixation in the opponent. The most distinct warning behavior noted was the vibration of the quills, which has not been reported for <i>Erethizon</i>. Our study confirms that, like other erethizontids, <i>C. spinosus</i> does not attack but exhibits warning, defense, and escape mechanisms and behaviors when threatened or touched. The dissemination of such information helps to counter the negative stigma associated with porcupines, as they can be the victims of attacks by dogs and humans, and to promote their conservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraembryonic Membranes and Placentation in the Mexican Snake Conopsis lineata","authors":"Cecilia de Dios-Arcos,&nbsp;Maricela Villagrán-SantaCruz","doi":"10.1002/jmor.21783","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmor.21783","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extraembryonic membranes provide protection, oxygen, water, and nutrients to developing embryos, and their study generates information on the origin of the terrestrial egg and the evolution of viviparity. In this research, the morphology of the extraembryonic membranes and the types of placentation in the viviparous snake <i>Conopsis lineata</i> are described through optical microscopy during early and late gestation. When embryos develop inside the uterus, they become surrounded by a thin eggshell membrane. In early gestation, during stages 16 and 18, the embryo is already surrounded by the amnion and the chorion, and in a small region by the chorioallantois, which is product of the contact between the chorion and the growing allantois. A trilaminar omphalopleure covers the yolk sac from the embryonic hemisphere to the level of the equator where the <i>sinus terminalis</i> is located, and from there a bilaminar omphalopleure extends into the abembryonic hemisphere. Thus, according to the relationship of these membranes with the uterine wall, the chorioplacenta, the choriovitelline placenta, and the chorioallantoic placenta are structured at the embryonic pole, while the omphaloplacenta is formed at the abembryonic pole. During late gestation (stages 35, 36, and 37), the uterus and allantois are highly vascularized. The allantois occupies most of the extraembryonic coelom and at the abembryonic pole, it contacts the omphaloplacenta and form the omphalallantoic placenta. This is the first description of all known placenta types in Squamata for a snake species member of the subfamily Colubrinae; where an eggshell membrane with 2.9 μm in width present throughout development is also evident. The structure of extraembryonic membranes in <i>C. lineata</i> is similar to that of other oviparous and viviparous squamate species. The above indicates not only homology, but also that the functional characteristics have been maintained throughout the evolution of the reproductive type.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.21783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism and Divergent Evolutionary Pathways in Primate Cranial Biomechanics: Insights From a Theoretical Morphology Framework","authors":"Z. Jack Tseng,&nbsp;Claire E. Terhune","doi":"10.1002/jmor.21780","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmor.21780","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mammalian order Primates is known for widespread sexual dimorphism in size and phenotype. Despite repeated speculation that primate sexual size dimorphism either facilitates or is in part driven by functional differences in how males and females interact with their environments, few studies have directly assessed the influence of sexual dimorphism on performance traits. Here, we use a theoretical morphology framework to show that sexual dimorphism in primate crania is associated with divergent biomechanical performance traits. The degree of dimorphism is a significant covariate in biomechanical trait divergence between sexes. Males exhibit less efficient but stiffer cranial shapes and significant evolutionary allometry in biomechanical performance, whereas females maintain performance stability across their size spectrum. Evolutionary rates are elevated for efficiency in females whereas males emphasize size-dependent cranial stiffness. These findings support a hypothesis of sex-linked bifurcation in masticatory system performance: larger male crania and faster size evolution partially compensate for low efficiency and reflect a de-emphasis of mechanical leverage, whereas female crania maintain higher mechanical efficiency overall and evolve more rapidly in molar-based masticatory performance. The evolutionary checks-and-balances between size dimorphism and cranial mechanical performance may be a more important driver of primate phenotypic evolution than has been hitherto appreciated.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.21780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secretory Cells in Halla parthenopeia (Oenonidae): Potential Implications for the Feeding and Defence Strategies of a Carnivorous Burrowing Polychaete","authors":"Anita Ferri,&nbsp;Pedro M. Costa,&nbsp;Roberto Simonini","doi":"10.1002/jmor.21781","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmor.21781","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carnivorous polychaetes are known to bear diversified and often unique anatomical and behavioural adaptations for predation and defence. <i>Halla parthenopeia</i>, a species known to be a specialized predator of clams, thrives in the soft bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea, holding potential for polyculture and biotechnology due to the secretion of bioactive compounds. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive description of <i>H. parthenopeia</i>'s anatomy and microanatomy, shedding light on the relation between morphology and habitat, chemical defences, and feeding behaviour. The pharynx, housing maxillae and mandibles connected to an extensive mucus gland, occupies a considerable portion of the worm's length, reaching beyond the oesophagus. This unique gland is responsible for secreting the feeding mucus, which immobilizes and aids in the digestion of clams probably acting as a vehicle of bioactive compounds synthesized by specialized serous cells in the mouth. Moreover, <i>H. parthenopeia</i> combines behavioural tactics, such as burrowing, and anatomical defences to evade predators. Examination of its epidermis revealed a thick cuticle layer and abundant mucocytes secreting locomotion mucus, both of which save the worm from mechanical harm during movement. When it is preyed upon, the worm can release a substantial amount of Hallachrome, a toxic anthraquinone produced by specific cells in its distal region. This pigment, with its known antimicrobial properties, likely acts as a chemical shield in case of injury. The results suggest that the ability of <i>H. parthenopeia</i> to prey on bivalves and to provide mechanical protection plus defence against pathogens rely on its ability to secrete distinct types of mucus. The interplay between highly specialized microanatomical features and complex behaviours underscores its adaptation as a predator in marine benthic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.21781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}