Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"The Potential Use of Natural Clinoptilolite Zeolite for Crude Oil Spill Removal from Sea Water","authors":"D. N. Kalbuadi, D. H. Goenadi, L. Santi, Lucky R. Nurtjahja","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.76031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.76031","url":null,"abstract":"Accidental spillage or drainage from land of crude oil to the marine environment will potentially cause serious damage to the environment and marine life. Many efforts have been focused on the use of most efficient adsorbent to remove the oil and/or oil-decomposing agent from the water. The current study was aimed at to evaluate the most abundantly-available natural zeolite dominated by clinoptilolite mineral and pronounced molecular sieve characteristics as crude oil spill removal in sea water. Bayah-originated zeolite was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, pore distribution and average size, gas sorption capacity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A laboratory experiments were conducted by reacting a 100-mesh zeolite with and without microbial enrichment to crude oil in a 250 mL sea water (3.7% NaCl and pH 6.7) jar at different oil/zeolite ratios,  i.e. 50%, 100%, 200%, and 400% (v/w) with three replicates. Observations were made on the stability of zeolite-oil mixture for one week, the weight of zeolite mixed with oil, the oil adsorbed by the zeolite, and free oil after 24-hrs settling. The results indicate that zeolite has highly potential as crude oil adsorbent and the highest oil sorption obtained at zeolite/oil ratio of 1:1 with 86.3% oil adsorbed or 0.87 mL oil per gram zeolite. Enrichment of zeolite with Bacillus subtilis improved the adsorbed oil by the mineral.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78436074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Mechanical Behaviour of Mortars Modified with Rice Husk Ash","authors":"Issiaka Sanou, Moustapha Sawadogo, M. Seynou, L. Zerbo, R. Ouedraogo","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.76025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.76025","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to study the influence of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on the mechanical strength of mortars. For this purpose, ash was produced by calcining rice husk at 680°C for 5 hours to produce reactive pozzolan. The chemical and mineralogical composition studied by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that this ash is rich in amorphous silica. The ash presents a good pozzolanic activity with a lime fixation rate of 100% after only 7 days of treatment. The addition of RHA to cement contributes to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and calcium aluminate hydrate of C3ASH6 type. The presence of RHA in the mortars improves their mechanical strength. This improvement is due to the filler effect of RHA and to formation of the CSH resulting from the pozzolanic reactivity between the amorphous silica of the RHA and the portlandite released by hydration of the cement.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84215603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the Effects of Bentonite (Nanoclay) on the Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene","authors":"Jerome Anokwu","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.76029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.76029","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effect of Bentonite (Nanoclay) on the mechanical and mor-phology properties of HDPE/Nanoclay composite pipe material was investi-gated. This led to the development of a composite material with improved me-chanical properties. The HDPE/nanoclay composites were produced using an injection moulding machine at 200?C and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The compati-bilizer used in this study was Polyethylene-graft-Maleic Anhydride. Different compositions of nanoclay reinforcements were prepared and added to HDPE resin. A particle size of 425 μm was used in proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% on weight fraction basis. All the composites samples were characterized by Zwick Roell tensile testing machine and Scanning Election Microscopy (SEM). Experimental results obtained showed improvements in the tensile strength, and modulus at the expense of elongation. The maximum tensile strength and modulus was obtained at 10% filler composition. These enhanced properties are due to the homogenous dispersion of nanoclay in HDPE matrix, which is evident from the structure that was evaluated using SEM.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76090789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-Use Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Filled Natural Rubber","authors":"Chinenye C. Ekwueme, I. Igwe, Anokwute O. Vivian","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.76030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.76030","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of incorporating pineapple leaf fibre (PLF) as a filler on the end-end properties of natural rubber vulcanizates were studied at different filler contents and particle sizes. The pineapple leaf fibre was used within filler contents, 0 to 40 phr at the following filler particle sizes, 75, 150 and 300 μm. The PLF was characterized for filler properties while carbon black (N330) served as the reference filler. The natural rubber vulcanizates were compounded on a two-roll mill. Results showed that the abrasion resistance of filled natural rubber vulcanizates was generally higher than that of the unfilled natural rubber vulcanizate at filler content, 5 phr, and for PLF (150 and 300 μm) and carbon black filled natural rubber vulcanizates, the abrasion resistance decreased within filler content, 5 to 20 phr after which it increased with filler content. CB exhibited better abrasion resistance in the vulcanizates than PLF at filler contents greater than 20 phr. The hardness of filled natural rubber vulccanizates was generally greater than that of unfilled vulcanizate and increased with increases in filler particle size at filler contents, 10 and 20 phr. The specific gravity of the rubber vulcanizates increased gradually with the increase in filler content at filler content greater than 5 phr, and increased with increases in filler particle size at any filler content considered. The swelling index of filled natural rubber vulcanizates in toluene generally decreased with increasing filler particle size at filler contents, 5, 10 and 40 phr whereas the swelling index for PLF (150 μm) filled natural rubber decreased with increases in filler content. CB filled vulcanizates absorbed the highest amount of toluene (2.5%) in the vulcanizates at filler content, 40 phr. PLF (150 and 300 μm) generally gave optimum performances in the end-use properties of the rubber vulcanizates determined within filler contents, 30 and 40 phr. The incorporation of pineapple leaf fibre into natural rubber was found to improve the end-use properties of natural rubber vulcanizates and therefore, has potential in the formulation of natural rubber products.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84383298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Construction Industry Quality Using the Seven Basic Quality Control Tools","authors":"Mohamed Abdel-Hamid, Hanaa Mohamed Abdelhaleem","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.76028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.76028","url":null,"abstract":"The organizations used quality tools to develop their processes and gain satisfaction from the customers. The main objective of this study is to develop levels of quality in the construction industry through the use of the seven basic quality control tools. Such tools are extremely crucial tools which are used worldwide in the industries for continual improvement. The seven basic quality tools are Check Sheet, Histogram, Pareto Chart, Fishbone Diagram, Control Chart, Flowchart and Scatter Diagram. They were implemented in various steps of the process in order to define the problems, measure its impacts, find out its root causes and solve these problems to ensure the production of non-defective items. The study shows how the seven basic tools of quality are very useful and effective in identifying and removal of defects from the manufacturing process. These tools are helpful in every stage of the defect removal process. This study was conducted on Cleopatra Group Company. This company succeeded to serve the public and private projects in the Egyptian construction sectors.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89325888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Zn2+-Chelated Carboxymethyl Poly(1-Vinylimidazole) for Intracellular Zn2+ Delivery","authors":"A. Endo, S. Asayama","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.75016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.75016","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc ions (Zn2+), known to be a novel intracellular second messenger related to various biological functions, have been delivered inside cells. For the intracellular Zn2+ delivery, Zn2+ has been chelated to carboxymethyl poly(1-vinylimidazole) (CM-PVIm) by mixing zinc chloride (ZnCl2) or zinc acetate (Zn(OAc)2) with CM-PVIm. The resulting Zn2+-chelated CM-PVIm, that is, Zn2+/CM-PVIm complex by mixing ZnCl2 exhibited smaller particle size below 10 nm and possessed larger amount of Zn2+ ions, as compared to the Zn2+/CM-PVIm by mixing Zn(OAc)2. The both Zn2+/CM-PVIm complexes exhibited no significant cytotoxicity, leading to intracellular Zn2+ delivery. The Zn2+/CM-PVIm by mixing ZnCl2 delivered larger amount of intracellular Zn2+ ions than that by mixing Zn(OAc)2. These results suggest that the optimal Zn2+/CM-PVIm complex is a useful tool for intracellular Zn2+ delivery to control various biological functions.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84583145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging Behaviours of 8011 Al and 8011 Al/15% SiCp Composites","authors":"V. Vembu","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.75017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.75017","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, the effect of aging on the hardness and tensile behavior of 15% SiCp/8011 Al composites has been studied. The composites were manufactured through stir casting method. Cast ingots of the composites were hot extruded at 500°C. The composite samples were solution heat-treated at 530°C for 3 h and quenched in cold water. The aging temperature was 130°C, 150°C, 170°C, 190°C, and 210°C for aging duration of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 hrs respectively. The mechanical properties measured included: tensile strength, yield strength and hardness values. The composites produced exhibited maximum mechanical properties at peak aged condition. These increases in mechanical properties during aging are attributed to the formation of coherent and uniform distribution SiC particles in the aluminum matrix composites. It was also observed that thermal modification plays an important role in retaining the ductility of composites. This result shows that a substantial improvement in mechanical properties has been achieved in the reinforced metal matrices produced after age-hardening.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88953346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion Performance of Conversion Treatments for Electrogalvanised Steel Sheet","authors":"A. Sarli, C. Elsner, L. Palomino, C. R. Tomachuk","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.75022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.75022","url":null,"abstract":"Chromate conversion treatments have been widely used due to their excellent corrosion resistance properties; however, their use is increasingly restricted because of the highly toxic chromic acid solutions required, with consequent effluent disposal and ecological problems. The removal of these toxic chemicals is considered a priority within most of the developed countries. In this work, the corrosion resistance of different alternative pretreatments applied on electrogalvanised steel sheet: 1) Cr(III) and Zr complexes layer, 2) Ce(III) layer, 3) Ce(III)/Ce(IV) double layer, 4) Cr(VI) chromating was investigated, and its results compared with those from the tests performed using bare electrogalvanized steel sheets as a substrate. These samples were exposed to aerated 0.05 mol/L NaCl or 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 solutions. The electrochemical behavior of samples was studied by electrochemical techniques. For three days of immersion in the solution test, the experimental results have shown that, compared with the Cr(VI) protective properties, the Cr(III) + Zr complex layer presented similar performance. Even though the initial corrosion resistance was offered by the Ce(III) and Ce(VI)/Ce(III) conversion coatings was relatively good, it quickly decreased as a function of the exposure time.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82933144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigation of Compressed Bentonite Plugs","authors":"T. Blach, H. Holl","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.75018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.75018","url":null,"abstract":"Bentonite plugs manufactured with and without a polymer binder were studied using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and Ultra Small Angle Neutron Scattering (USANS) techniques. We have subjected the samples to hydration by evaporating water and then applied CD4 methane at a Zero Average Con-trast (ZAC) pressure (about 48.3 MPa/7000psi) to measure the accessible and inaccessible pores and channels. The data show that introduction of moisture has an immediate effect on the smallest pores, with swelling preventing access by the methane; however the larger network appears to be little affected by the addition of the moisture. The addition of a binder to the plug creates a greater number of open pores in the micron and above size regime, indicating that the polymer is vital in creating larger channels, which aids the movement of mois-ture throughout the plug, at the expense of sealing the smallest ones. This sug-gests that the polymer binder helps in the self-healing process in the clays and makes the structure more stable. The process of plug manufacturing and drying produces a chaotic system of aggregates in the sample, which forms packed clusters 130 nm in size. Addition of moisture destroys this structure. Addition of water to the dried plug material showed that at 18 weight% a dual layer of water has formed in the montmorillonite layer of the clay, separating the montmorillonite layers by 17 A. Increase to 33 weight% of water has added an extra layer with basal spacing of 19 A. The clay hydration with vapor and directly deposited liquid appear to delaminate some of the clay affecting the fractality index at the micron sizes. Mechanical compression had a significant effect on the polymerised sample, encouraging larger water-conducting channels to form.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76194055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Marine Water on Different Types of Coarse Aggregate of Geopolymer Concrete","authors":"Shimaa Younis Megahed, Abolwafa Mohamad Elthakeb, W. Mohamed, M. Nooman, W. H. Soufy","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2019.75023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.75023","url":null,"abstract":"This research studies the impact of different types of coarse aggregate on the behavior of geopolymer concrete based on both fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in different marine environments. Aiming to solve the problems caused by the construction and demolition waste and the depletion of natural aggregates, in the present study coarse recycled aggregates is used to produce new green concrete with a fly ash-slag based geopolymer. By this examination, the research seeks to improve the quality and productivity of concrete used in construction and hydraulic projects. For this research, four mixtures containing different types of coarse aggregate in two different water environments were used. The utilized mixtures contained natural aggregate concrete (NAC) such as basalt and crushed marble. Also, recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC), which totally replaced natural aggregate, was presented in this paper such as crushed concrete and crushed ceramic. For this study, in the sieve analysis; specific and unit weights, was recorded. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were determined, using a compressive test that was conducted on the 7th, 28th, 56th and 90th days at different water environments; potable water (PW) and sea water (SW). Durability test was also performed for total absorption measurement. Results indicated that geopolymer concrete exhibits better strength in marine environments than in those of potable water. Results also showed that crushed marble (CMA) exhibits higher compressive strength and durability.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"4 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86072371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}