{"title":"Brexit: The Covid Pandemic Masking the Effects of Leaving the EU","authors":"Markéta MACKUL’AKOVÁ, Ondřej Hynek","doi":"10.25019/perspol/21.14.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25019/perspol/21.14.1","url":null,"abstract":"On 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union ended 47 years after its accession. The agreement provided for a transitional period until 31 December 2020 to renegotiate the long-term relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union (EU). Almost eleven months after the UK’s actual departure from the EU, the extent of the economic consequences of Brexit is still difficult to measure. According to European forecasts, it should cost the United Kingdom 2.2 points of GDP by the end of 2022. Trade with the continent has already declined. Exports to the EU fell by 12% between July 2018 and July 2021. The trend is similar for imports, a decrease of 13%. In both cases, the all-time low was reached last January, during the first month of Brexit, when the disorganization of customs controls culminated. The impact of Brexit is expected to increase next year. The UK ‘s GDP decline in 2020 was 9.9%, the largest decline since 1920. The fact that UK trade with non-EU countries fell by only 0.8% over the same period suggests that most of the decline was due to the impact of Brexit and not to the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":164723,"journal":{"name":"Perspective Politice","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126852617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rebalance to Asia Policy of the Obama Administration (2011–2017): Diversifying the United States Security Design in Asia-Pacific","authors":"A. Vasilache","doi":"10.25019/perspol/22.15.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25019/perspol/22.15.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164723,"journal":{"name":"Perspective Politice","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128248684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-Communist Higher Education Expansion in the European Area. The internationalization context","authors":"I. Matache","doi":"10.25019/perspol/23.16.0.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25019/perspol/23.16.0.11","url":null,"abstract":": This paper discusses the impact of globalization and internationalization on the expansion of higher education in the European space. Thus, I begin with a brief historical foray into the expansion of higher education in the twentieth century, at the end of which I try to fix some reference notions of this perspective, including key elements such as “global” or “globalization”. The usefulness of discussing these concepts supports the understanding of globalization as a gradual cognitive scale, the expansion of higher education being thus explained by the international flow of information on several levels, from global to European and national. More specifically, the fall of the communist systems in Central and Eastern Europe together with the transition to capitalism were essential steps in opening up to new opportunities and exchanges of university experience, issues that are subject to the internationalization of higher education. In this way, European internationalization would not be possible in its present form without the contribution of the Bologna process, which aims to achieve a higher education that is as inclusive and accessible as possible, factors that prove to be essential in terms of the expansion of tertiary education.","PeriodicalId":164723,"journal":{"name":"Perspective Politice","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122420627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Political Crisis in Bulgaria /2021–2023/: Internal and External Consequences","authors":"Teodora Kaleynska","doi":"10.25019/perspol/23.16.0.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25019/perspol/23.16.0.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164723,"journal":{"name":"Perspective Politice","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122865692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Digital Revolution and the Elderly – Dealingwith the Digital Divide: The Israeli Case","authors":"Avi Bitzur","doi":"10.25019/perspol/23.16.0.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25019/perspol/23.16.0.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164723,"journal":{"name":"Perspective Politice","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126753247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}