EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Review on Genetic Erosion of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"S. Tesfaye, Berhanu Sime","doi":"10.36349/easjbg.2022.v04i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2022.v04i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is a center of origin and diversity of many cultivated crops and their wild relatives including barley. The richness and range of genetic diversity in Ethiopia, particularly of landraces, is currently subject to serious genetic erosion and irreversible losses due to the changing nature of agricultural production. In this review, the most important factor possibly leading to genetic erosion is the replacement of FV’s by modern cultivars followed by weather variability. Barley, as a food and feed grain, is important to the livelihood of farmers. A number of previous studies have shown higher level of barley diversity in the highland of the country. Traditional barley variety is suffering serious genetic erosion due to displacement by introduced varieties. Knowing the causes of genetic erosion is equally important for devising conservation measures. In conclusion, the use of genetic resources will remain the best way of meeting future food needs and driving the economic and social benefits for the world’s rapidly growing human population.","PeriodicalId":164482,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134138525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spread of 𝛽-Lactamases and Extended Spectrum 𝛽-Lactamase Enzymes among Bacteria: A Threat to Effective Health Care Delivery","authors":"I. Rabiu, I. Abdullahi, Aminu Abdullahi Mahmoud","doi":"10.36349/easjbg.2022.v04i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2022.v04i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic discovery continue to play a critical role in disease containment. Misuse and overuse of these drugs are the main drivers in the development of drug resistant pathogens. The World Health Organisation has declared that Antimicrobial resistance is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity. There is the fears that if nothing is done, it might end the antibiotic era soon. In 2017 alone, over 9000 human deaths were caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the USA. The ability of bacteria to develop newer strategies to acquire and disseminate resistance, can be traced as far back to 1940s when (R-factor) plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance was observed. They become resistant via the production of 𝛽-Lactamases and ESBLs enzymes which inactivate or modify antibiotics. Extended Spectrum 𝛽-Lactamases are enzymes whose rates of hydrolysis of the extended-spectrum 𝛽-Lactam antibiotics are >10 % than that for benzylpenicillin. Some bacteria may produce multiple ß-lactamases, which may reduce the effectiveness of ß-lactam/ ß-lactamase inhibitor combinations. These enzymes are susceptible to inhibition by 𝛽-Lactam inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, tazobactam, or sulbactam but have no hydrolytic activity against cephamycins and carbapenems. The production of acquired 𝛽-Lactamase and ESBL makes the choice of antibiotic treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria very limited, these have been the major causes of treatment failures, outbreaks of both community and hospital acquired infections, surgical failures, long hospital stay and huge economic losses, which continue to claim uncountable lives, especially in Nigeria and Africa where the health system are weak. The emergence of drug resistannt strains may be minimized by maintaining high levels of the drug in the tissues to inhibit mutants, administering two drugs that do not give cross-resistance, and by limiting the use of valuable second line ‘reserve drugs’ such .....","PeriodicalId":164482,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics","volume":"324 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127571975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eucalyptus camaldulensis Woodlot Influences Soil Properties and Teff Yield on the Adjacent Croplands in Guraghe Zone, Central Ethiopia","authors":"Begashaw Mitiku, Bekele Lemma, F. Yimer","doi":"10.36349/easjbg.2022.v04i01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2022.v04i01","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia five Eucalyptus species were adopt wide area and Eucalyptus camaldulensisi more dominant in low land and middle land area and economically very important. This leads to farmers converted portion of their farmland to Eucalyptus camaldulensis woodlots. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of E. camaldulensis woodlot on the soil properties and teff (Erogrsticteff) yields on an adjacent cropland. A plot of 2m x 1.5m area was laid down inside plantation (assumed zero m), at one, three, six, nine and20 m distances away from the E. camaldulensis woodlot in to the adjacent cropland. This was replicated on three farmlands. Teff was grown on the plots and the yield, height, and biomass of teff were measured and thirty six soil samples were collected from experimental field. The soil bulk density (p<0.01), soil moisture (p<0.001), SOC (p < 0.05), avail P (p < 0.01) and avail K (p < 0.01) were significantly varied with distance. The yield and height of teff were significantly (p< 0.01) affected by distance from the woodlot. Moreover, mean soil total N at three meter, avail P from one meter to six meter, avail K after nine meter, yield and biomass of teff up to six meter were reduced. The yield reduction of teff could be attributed to the soil moisture and soil nutrient competition between the Eucalyptus woodlot and teff. In this study we had concluded that E. Camaldulensis wood lot has effect on teff production up to six- meter distance from the woodlot and adjacent crop were recommended after Six meter.","PeriodicalId":164482,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126874566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Characterization of the Indigenous Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) Populations in the Southern Guinea Savannah 0f Nigeria Using Blood Protein Markers","authors":" Ubu I Momoh, O. M. Ahemen, T. Gambo D, Ukwu O. H","doi":"10.36349/easjbg.2021.v03i02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2021.v03i02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: This study was conducted to assess allelic and genotypic frequencies at the selected blood protein [Albumin (Alb.), Haemoglobin (Hb.) and Transferrin (Tf)] loci in indigenous turkey populations in Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 42 birds, 14 birds each from Benue, Kogi and Nasarawa States via purposive sampling. The blood was analysed by electrophoresis. The genetic relationship of the population was determined by using Tools for Population Genetics Analysis (TFPGA), version 1.3. Result obtained indicated that, two co-dominant alleles (A and B) which controlled three different genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were observed for Alb and Tf while only two genotypes (AA and BB) for the Hb polymorphic loci were observed. Sexual differences in gene and genotypic frequencies of Alb, Hb and Tf of male and female turkeys showed that genotype Alb AB and allele A were prevalent in the male while genotype Alb BB and Allele B were predominant in the female turkey. However, at the haemoglobin locus, genotype Hb AA and allele A were prevalent in the male and female turkey, respectively. For tranferrin, genotype Tf AB was most predominant in the male with equal frequencies in both alleles while genotype Tf BB","PeriodicalId":164482,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114770785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterosis of Highland Maize (Zea mays L) Hybrids for Grain Yield and Yield Related Components","authors":" Shimelis Tesfaye, Berhanu Sime","doi":"10.36349/easjbg.2021.v03i02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2021.v03i02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: The knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior F1 hybrids in order to use further in future breeding programs. The objectives of this study was, therefore, to estimate heterosis and combining ability of maize inbred lines for yield and yield related traits. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the hybrids for all the traits considerd. All crosses showed significant and positive heterotic effects over mid and better parents for grain yield. None of the crosses showed significant standard heterosis in desired direction. Mid-parent heterosis of day’s maturity ranged from -5 to 13.9%, whereas that of better parent heterosis ranged from -5 to 105%. Indicating that the hybrids tend to be earlier in maturity than the parents. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and related traits indicated the possibility of increasing yield by exploiting heterotic potential of maize genotypes. The information generated by this study could be useful for researchers who need to develop high yielding maize hybrids.","PeriodicalId":164482,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124089780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variability, Heritability and Association of Quantitative Traits in Maize (Zea mays L) Genotypes: Review Paper","authors":" Mamud Aman","doi":"10.36349/easjbg.2021.v03i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2021.v03i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: Genetic variability is an important feature for plant breeding and crop improvement. The amount of variability that exists in the germplasm collections of any crop is the most important towards breeding for better varieties, particularly genetic variability for a given trait is a basic prerequisite for its improvement by systematic breeding. The success of any crop improvement program is not only depend on the amount of genetic variability present in the population but also on the extent to which it is heritable, which sets the limit of progress that can be achieved through selection. Heritability alone provides no indication of the amount of genetic improvement that would result from selection of individual genotypes. Hence knowledge about genetic advance coupled with heritability is most useful. Heritability and genetic advance should be considered simultaneously because it is not always true that high heritability will always be associated with high genetic advances. Further, efficiency of selection in any breeding program mainly depends upon the knowledge of association of traits. For effective selection, information on nature and magnitude of variation in population, association of character with yield and among themselves and the extent of environmental influence on the expression of these characters are necessary. Correlation coefficient and Path coefficient analysis are the most important tools to describe association of traits in maize breeding program.","PeriodicalId":164482,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122190517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Diallel Crosses of Highland Adapted QPM Maize Hybrids under Optimum and Low Nitrogen Conditions","authors":"Tefera Kumsa, Demissew Abakemal, Dufera Tulu, Zeleke Keimiso, H. Zeleke, Mekuanent Belay","doi":"10.36349/easjbg.2021.v03i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2021.v03i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: Eight inbred lines collected from Ambo Agriculural Research Center Highland maize sub-program and were evaluated under optimum and Low Nitrogen condition at Ambo and Haramaya University in 2018. Breeding programs have created inbred lines of maize introduced from CIMMYT; they were tested locally for their heterosis. The objective of this study was to generate information regarding the combining ability effect of selected highland adapted maize inbred lines and their crosses for further breeding and cultivar development in view of this limitation. P6 was the lines that exhibited positive and hence good combiner for gain yield in all locations and environmental condition and crosses found to be good yield potential in this study were (P1xP2), (P2xP7) and (P4xP6).","PeriodicalId":164482,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116344173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Iodine Content in Table Salt of Kitchen during the Period of Conservation","authors":"Diaby Vandjiguiba, Gnonsoro Urbain Paul, A. Yolande, K. K. Mathias, Sanogo Isiaka, Y. A. Francis, Ardjouma Dembélé","doi":"10.36349/EASJBG.2020.V02I06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJBG.2020.V02I06.002","url":null,"abstract":"1 Central laboratory for the food hygiene and Agricultural Processing Industry, LANADA, Ministry for Agriculture and the Rural Development, 04 BP 612 Abidjan 04 2 Central laboratory of Agrochemicals and Ecotoxicology (LCAE), LANADA, 04 BP 612 Abidjan 04, Côte. d'ivoire 3 Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics-Biochemical, UFR Biosciences, University FELIX Houphouët Boigny-Abidjan (Côte.d'ivoire), 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22","PeriodicalId":164482,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126775632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Ability and Standard Heterosis of Highland Maize (Zea Mays L.) Inbred Lines for Yield and Yield Related Traits","authors":"Tefera Kumsa, H. Zeleke, Demissew Abakemal","doi":"10.36349/EASJBG.2020.V02I06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJBG.2020.V02I06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: Combining ability of inbred lines is important information in maize(Zea mays.L) hybrid breeding programs to incorporate genotypes from various germplasm sources. This study was conducted with germplasm developed using double haploid technology (DH) lines. Sixty-six F1 crosses resulted from diallel crosses of 12 maize inbred lines with four standard checksArgane (AMH800), Kolba (AMH853), Jibat (AMH851) and Wenchi (AMH850) were evaluated based on partial diallel meeting fashion and its relative analysis to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for yield and yield related traits using alpha-lattice design with three replications during the 2017 cropping season at Ambo, Holeta and Kulumsa Agricultural research center of Ethiopian Institution of agricultural Reseach Institution. Analysis of variance showed that mean squares due to entries were significant for most of the traits studied, such as grain yield, thousand kennels weight, days to silking, ear per plant, plant height, ear height, husk cover, ear rot, ear aspect, plant aspect, kernel rows per row, ear length and ear diameter .Genotypes x environment interactions showed highly significant difference at (p<0.01) for most traits but significant (p<0.05) for grain yield.Mean squares due to crosses were significant (p<0.05) at two locations (Holeta and Kulumsa). Alleles at a locus can have an effect on the trait by themselves but can also affect the phenotype through interactions with other alleles the so called nonadditive effect, while when allele of a single gene (in heterozagote )combine so that their combined effects equal the sum of their individual effects called additive gene action. GCA and SCA mean squares revealed significant (p<0.05) differences for grain yield and most yield related traits in all location and across location. Inbred lines P2, P9 and P12 were good general combiners as these lines showed significant and positive GCA effects for grain yield.Among the crosses, L1xL11, L2 x L12, L4xL9 and L5xL9 manifested positive and significant SCA effects for grain yield, indicating high yielding potential of the cross combinations across location.Therefore I suggest the maize breedrs for further utilization of the crosses in developing improved maize hybrid variety for highland adapted region.","PeriodicalId":164482,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121434941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}