Journal of natural toxins最新文献_第3页

Isolation of bacteria from toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum and their effects on algae toxicity. 有毒鞭毛藻亚历山大菌的分离及其对藻类毒性的影响。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-11-01

Y H Lu, T J Chai, D F Hwang

{"title":"Isolation of bacteria from toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum and their effects on algae toxicity.","authors":"Y H Lu, T J Chai, D F Hwang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Attempts were made to isolate the bacteria from toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum T1 and to study the effect of these bacteria on the growth and toxicity of A. minutum T1. It was found that intracellular bacterial species including Pasteurella haemolytica, Pseudomonas vesicularis, and Sphingomonas sp., and extracellular bacterial species including Pasteurolla pneumotropica, Morganella wisconsensis, Flavobacterium oryzihabitans, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, and Sphingomonas sp. All of them were cultured and determined to have non-PSP-producing ability. The maximum cell number of A. minutum cultured without isolated bacteria was higher than that cultured with isolated bacteria. The total toxicity of A. minutum cultured with bacteria was similar to that of A. minutum T1 cultured without bacteria from lag phase to stationary phase, but it was lower after stationary phase. The growth of A. minutum T1 cultured without antibiotics was also better than that cultured with antibiotics. The total toxicity of A. minutum cultured without antibiotics was higher than that of A. minutum cultured with antibiotics. However, the cell toxicity of A. minutum did not decrease even if the culture medium was added with antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":16437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural toxins","volume":"9 4","pages":"409-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21949576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunological properties of Hn-33 purified from type A Clostridium botulinum. A型肉毒杆菌纯化Hn-33的免疫学特性。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-11-01

S K Sharma, B R Singh

引用次数: 0

Isolation of nerve growth factor (NGF) from human body fluids; saliva, serum and urine: comparison between cobra venom and cobra serum NGF. 从人体液中分离神经生长因子(NGF)唾液、血清和尿液:眼镜蛇毒液和眼镜蛇血清NGF的比较。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-11-01

B V Lipps

{"title":"Isolation of nerve growth factor (NGF) from human body fluids; saliva, serum and urine: comparison between cobra venom and cobra serum NGF.","authors":"B V Lipps","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Several investigators have isolated nerve growth factor (NGF) from various tissues and organs of different animals. There is no published documentation about NGF from body fluids, such as blood serum, saliva, and urine. Contrary to the unsuccessful attempts to detect or isolate NGF in serum in the past, this investigation reports the isolation of NGF from human serum, saliva, and urine. It further reports the comparison of properties between NGFs derived from cobra venom and cobra serum. NGF from serum, saliva, and urine was isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and was identified as described by Lipps (1998). The identified fractions of NGF were further purified to study the biological and immunological properties. The biological activities of NGFs from human body fluids and cobra serum on PC12 cells were miniscule in comparison to the cobra venom derived NGF. The molecular weights of NGFs from human serum, saliva, and urine were identical, 36.0 kDa. However, the molecular weights of cobra serum and cobra venom NGFs were different, 55.0 kDa and 13.5 kDa, respectively. NGF level is age dependent and varies under different conditions. Using anti-human NGF, diagnostic tests can be developed for neurological disorders. This investigation also emphasizes the replacement of invasive blood collection for serum by use of saliva and urine for clinical diagnostic use in general.","PeriodicalId":16437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural toxins","volume":"9 4","pages":"349-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21949028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new thrombin-like enzyme, flavoviridiobin from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu). 从黄毒Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu)毒液中提取的一种新的凝血酶样酶黄毒双联蛋白。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-11-01

R Tatematsu, Y Komori, T Nikai

引用次数: 0

Application of a channel biosensor for toxicity measurements in cultured Alexandrium tamarense. 通道型生物传感器在tamarense Alexandrium毒性测定中的应用。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-11-01

H O Lee, B S Cheun, J S Yoo, E Watanabe, M S Han

引用次数: 0

Properties and actions of heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. 热稳定型大肠杆菌肠毒素的性质及作用。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-08-01

K Okamoto, H Yamanaka

{"title":"Properties and actions of heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli.","authors":"K Okamoto, H Yamanaka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are classified into two groups, methanol-soluble (STI) and methanol-insoluble (STII) enterotoxins. These are distinct toxins with unique properties. Their features in common include heat-stability, low molecular weight, secretion from the bacteria, and ability to induce fluid secretion from the intestine. STI is an 18- or 19-amino acid extracellular peptide with three intramolecular disulfide bonds, which is produced by proteolytic cleavage of 72 amino acid precursor. The STI in the lumen of the intestine binds to specific protein receptors (guanylate cyclase C) located in the brush border membrane and leads to elevation of intracellular cyclic GMP level. Several factors involved in the activation of guanylate cyclase by STI have been identified. Elevation of cyclic GMP level induces intestinal fluid secretion by stimulation of chloride secretion. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, which is a chloride channel, might be involved in chloride secretion. In contrast, STII is a 48-amino acid peptide with two intramolecular disulfide bonds, which results from 71 amino acid precursor. Compared with STI, the steps that lead to intestinal fluid secretion by STII are not well established. It has been proposed that sulfatide in the brush border is a receptor for STII and that the STII bound to the receptor opens GTP-binding regulatory protein-linked calcium channels. These actions of STII induce not only stimulation of the production of secretagogues such as prostaglandin E2 and serotonin, but also activation of the calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the cells.","PeriodicalId":16437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural toxins","volume":"9 3","pages":"213-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21827635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cholera toxin and related enterotoxins: a cell biological and immunological perspective. 霍乱毒素和相关的肠毒素:细胞生物学和免疫学的观点。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-08-01

L de Haan, T R Hirst

{"title":"Cholera toxin and related enterotoxins: a cell biological and immunological perspective.","authors":"L de Haan, T R Hirst","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Cholera toxin (Ctx) from Vibrio cholerae and the closely related Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Etx) are the primary virulence factors responsible for causing cholera and traveller's diarrhea, respectively. Studies on the mode of action of these toxins on gut epithelial cells have revealed important insights into the mechanisms of toxin uptake and trafficking in eukaryotic cells. However, of perhaps even greater fascination have been the discoveries that Ctx and Etx exhibit remarkable immunological properties. When either of these toxins is administered via mucosal routes, it triggers a potent mucosal and systemic anti-toxin immune response. By contrast, local or systemic immunization with other soluble protein antigens usually stimulates only a meagre immune response, or results in a state of immunological tolerance. Even more striking are the findings that when Ctx or Etx are mixed with heterologous antigens, they function as adjuvants, leading to stimulation of mucosal responses to the admixed antigen, and the abrogation of oral tolerance. In addition, recent observations have shown that the receptor-binding component of these toxins can down-regulate inflammatory diseases associated with the induction of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. While the underlying mechanisms responsible for these remarkable properties have yet to be resolved, it is clear that the toxins' ability to bind to cell surface receptors plays an important role in their potent immunogenicity, adjuvanticity, and immunotherapeutic properties. This review provides an overview of the latest developments within the Ctx/Etx field, with a special emphasis on the cell entry mechanisms and immunomodulatory action of Ctx/Etx and their component subunits.","PeriodicalId":16437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural toxins","volume":"9 3","pages":"281-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21827639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An update on Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. 产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素的最新研究进展。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-08-01

M R Sarker, U Singh, B A McClane

引用次数: 0

Activity and role of BFT, an enterotoxin produced by Bacteroides fragilis. 脆弱拟杆菌产生的肠毒素BFT的活性和作用。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-08-01

A S Scotto d'Abusco, L Sanfilippo, M G Menozzi, A Pantosti

引用次数: 0

Enteropathogenic factors produced by vibrios other than cholera toxin. 由霍乱毒素以外的弧菌产生的肠致病性因子。

Journal of natural toxins Pub Date : 2000-08-01

S Shinoda, S Miyoshi

引用次数: 0