Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of a relapsing course in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.","authors":"Akash Virupakshaiah, Vinicius A Schoeps, Jonathan Race, Michael Waltz, Siefaddeen Sharayah, Zahra Nasr, Carson E Moseley, Scott S Zamvil, Cristina Gaudioso, Allison Schuette, Theron Charles Casper, John Rose, Eoin P Flanagan, Moses Rodriguez, Jan-Mendelt Tillema, Tanuja Chitnis, Mark P Gorman, Jennifer S Graves, Leslie A Benson, Mary Rensel, Aaron Abrams, Lauren Krupp, Timothy E Lotze, Gregory Aaen, Yolanda Wheeler, Teri Schreiner, Amy Waldman, Janet Chong, Soe Mar, Emmanuelle Waubant","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333464","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently described demyelinating disorder, and children represent about 50% of all cases. Almost half of the patients experience relapses, but very few studies have evaluated predictors of relapse risk, challenging clinical management. The study aimed to identify predictors at MOGAD onset that are associated with a relapsing course.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospectively collected data from paediatric patients with MOGAD seen by the US Network of Paediatric MS Centres were leveraged. Univariable and adjusted multivariable models were used to predict recurrent disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 326 MOGAD cases (mean age at first event 8.9 years [SD 4.3], 57% female, 77% white and 74% non-Hispanic) and 46% relapsed during a mean follow-up of 3.9 years (SD 4.1). In the adjusted multivariable model, female sex (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.36, p=0.004) and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.64, p=0.005) were associated with a higher risk of relapsing MOGAD. Maintenance treatment initiated before a second event with rituximab (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.92, p=0.037) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.88, p=0.026) was associated with lower risk of a second event in multivariable analyses. Conversely, maintenance steroids were associated with a higher estimated relapse risk (HR 1.76, 95% CI 0.90 to 3.45, p=0.097).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sex and ethnicity are associated with relapsing MOGAD. Use of rituximab or IVIG therapy shortly after onset is associated with a lower risk of the second event. Preventive treatment after a first event could be considered for those with a higher relapse risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visuospatial dysfunction predicts dementia-first phenoconversion in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder.","authors":"Jing Wang, Bei Huang, Li Zhou, Shi Tang, Hongliang Feng, Joey W Y Chan, Steven W H Chau, Jihui Zhang, Shirley X Li, Vincent Mok, Yun Kwok Wing, Yaping Liu","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333865","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is known as a prodrome of α-synucleinopathies, the prediction for its future phenoconversion to parkinsonism-first or dementia-first subtype remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate whether visuospatial dysfunction predicts dementia-first phenoconversion in iRBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with iRBD and control subjects were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Baseline neuropsychological assessment included the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF), Colour Trails test (CTT), Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test and Digit Span test. The anterior and posterior subscores of MoCA as well as their modified versions were explored. A composite score derived from ROCF and CTT was also explored. Regular follow-up was conducted to determine the phenoconversion status of iRBD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 175 iRBD patients and 98 controls. During a mean follow-up of 5.1 years, 25.7% of patients experienced phenoconversion. Most of the neuropsychological tests could differentiate dementia-first but not parkinsonism-first convertors from non-convertors. The modified posterior subscore of MoCA, by integrating the Alternating Trail Making and Clock Drawing components into original the posterior subscore, which mainly reflects visuospatial function, was the strongest predictor for dementia-first phenoconversion (adjusted HR 5.48, 95% CI 1.67 to 17.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Visuospatial dysfunction, as reflected mainly by the modified posterior subscore of MoCA, is a predictive factor for dementia-first phenoconversion in iRBD, suggesting its potential for being a biomarker for clinical prognostic prediction and potential neuroprotective trials aiming to delay or prevent dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel therapies in CIDP.","authors":"Devan Mair, Heba Madi, Filip Eftimov, Michael P Lunn, Stephen Keddie","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-334165","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-334165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a heterogeneous but clinically well-described disease within circumscribed parameters. It is immunologically mediated through several poorly understood mechanisms. First-line therapies with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange are each effective in about two-thirds of patients. These treatments are seldom associated with complete resolution or cure, and often pose considerable practical, financial and medical implications.Our understanding of many of the key pathological processes in autoimmune diseases is expanding, and novel targeted therapeutics are being developed with promise in several autoimmune neurological disorders.This narrative review looks first at detailing key pathogenic mechanisms of disease in CIDP, followed by an in-depth description of potential novel therapies and the current evidence of their application in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSF sphingolipids are correlated with neuroinflammatory cytokines and differentiate neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Lisa Shi, Laura Ghezzi, Chiara Fenoglio, Anna Margherita Pietroboni, Daniela Galimberti, Francesca Pace, Todd A Hardy, Laura Piccio, Anthony S Don","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333774","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a need for biomarkers of disease progression and therapeutic response in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipids that differentiate MS from other neuroinflammatory conditions and correlate with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, gadolinium-enhancing lesions or inflammatory mediators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lipids and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were quantified with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and multiplex ELISA, respectively, in CSF from people with untreated MS, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), other inflammatory neurological diseases and non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND). Analytes were compared between groups using analysis of variance, and correlations were assessed with Pearson's analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five sphingolipids and four lysophosphatidylcholines were significantly higher in NMOSD compared with MS and NIND cases, whereas no lipids differed significantly between MS and NIND. A combination of three sphingolipids differentiated NMOSD from MS with the area under the curve of 0.92 in random forest models. Ninety-four lipids, including those that differentiated NMOSD from MS, were positively correlated with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and 37 lipids were positively correlated with CSF protein in two independent MS cohorts. EDSS was inversely correlated with cholesterol ester CE(16:0) in both MS cohorts. In contrast, MIF and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 were positively associated with EDSS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CSF sphingolipids are positively correlated with markers of neuroinflammation and differentiate NMOSD from MS. The inverse correlation between EDSS and CE(16:0) levels may reflect poor clearance of cholesterol released during myelin break-down and warrants further investigation as a biomarker of therapeutic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"54-67"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium valproate is associated with cortical thinning of disease-specific areas in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.","authors":"Bernardo Crespo Pimentel, Giorgi Kuchukhidze, Fenglai Xiao, Lorenzo Caciagli, Julia Höfler, Lucas Rainer, Martin Kronbichler, Christian Vollmar, John S Duncan, Eugen Trinka, Matthias Koepp, Britta Wandschneider","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333703","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is associated with cortical thinning of the motor areas. The relative contribution of antiseizure medication to cortical thickness is unknown. We aimed to investigate how valproate influences the cortical morphology of JME.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, individuals with JME with and without valproate, with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with valproate and controls were selected through propensity score matching. Participants underwent T1-weighted brain imaging and vertex-wise calculation of cortical thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We matched 36 individuals with JME on valproate with 36 individuals with JME without valproate, 36 controls and 19 individuals with TLE on valproate. JME on valproate showed thinning of the precentral gyri (left and right, p<0.001) compared with controls and thinning of the left precentral gyrus when compared with JME not on valproate (p<0.01) or to TLE on valproate (p<0.001). Valproate dose correlated negatively with the thickness of the precentral gyri, postcentral gyri and superior frontal gyrus in JME (left and right p<0.0001), but not in TLE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Valproate was associated with JME-specific and dose-dependent thinning of the cortical motor regions. This suggests that valproate is a key modulator of cortical morphology in JME, an effect that may underlie its high efficacy in this syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis prediction and immunotherapy optimisation for cryptogenic new-onset refractory status epilepticus.","authors":"Yoonhyuk Jang, Soo Hyun Ahn, Kyung-Il Park, Bum-Sup Jang, Han Sang Lee, Jae-Han Bae, Yoonkyung Lee, Jun-Sang Sunwoo, Jin-Sun Jun, Keun Tae Kim, Su Yee Mon, Ji Hye You, Tae-Joon Kim, Hyunsuk Shin, Dohyun Han, Yong Won Cho, Divyanshu Dubey, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee, Soon-Tae Lee","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-334285","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-334285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryptogenic new-onset refractory status epilepticus (cNORSE) currently lacks comprehensive knowledge regarding its clinical dynamics, prognostic factors and treatment guidance. Here we present the longitudinal clinical profiles, predictive factors for outcomes and the optimal duration of immunotherapy in patients with cNORSE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective secondary endpoint analysis investigated patients with cNORSE identified from a prospective autoimmune encephalitis cohort at a national referral centre in Korea. The main outcomes included longitudinal functional scales, seizure frequency and the number of antiseizure medications. Measures encompassed NORSE-related clinical parameters such as the duration of unconsciousness, immunotherapy profiles, cytokine/chemokine analysis, and serial MRI scans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 74 patients with cNORSE were finally analysed (mean age: 38.0±18.2; 36 (48.6%) male). All patients received first-line immunotherapy, and 91.9% (68/74) received second-line immunotherapy. A total of 83.8% (62/74) regained consciousness within a median duration of 30 days (14-56), and 50% (31/62) achieved good outcome (mRS ≤2) at 2 years. Poor 1-year outcomes (mRS ≥3) were predicted by the presence of mesial temporal lobe (mTL) and extra-mTL lesions at 3-month MRI, and prolonged unconsciousness (≥60 days). Those with mTL atrophy exhibited a higher seizure burden post-NORSE. The optimal duration of immunotherapy appeared to be between 18 weeks and 1-year post-NORSE onset.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elucidates longitudinal clinical dynamics, functional outcomes, prognostic factors and immunotherapy response in patients with cNORSE. These findings might contribute to a more standardised understanding and clinical decision-making for cNORSE.</p>","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-ever seizure and eligibility for commercial motor vehicle driving.","authors":"Nicholas Lawn, Judy Lee, John Dunne","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333684","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After a first-ever seizure, 6 months of seizure freedom is usually required before returning to driving a private motor vehicle, after which the annual risk of seizure recurrence has fallen to ≤20%. Stricter criteria apply for commercial driver's licence (CDL) holders, and a longer period of seizure freedom sufficient for the annual risk of recurrence to be <2% is recommended. However, CDL guidelines are based on little data with few studies having long-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1714 patients with first-ever seizures were prospectively studied. Seizure recurrence was evaluated using survival analysis. The annual conditional risk of seizure recurrence was calculated for patients with first-ever unprovoked and acute symptomatic seizures, and according to the presence or absence of clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG) and neuroimaging risk factors for recurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The annual risk of recurrence for unprovoked first seizures did not fall below 2% until after 9 years of seizure freedom. The annual risk after 5 years of seizure freedom was still 3.9% (95% CI 1.8% to 6.1%) including for those without epileptiform abnormalities on EEG and with normal imaging. For acute symptomatic first seizures, the annual recurrence risk was 4.5% (95% CI 2.3% to 6.7%) after 1 year and fell below 2% only after 4 years of seizure freedom.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For unprovoked and acute symptomatic first-ever seizure and CDL, a higher-than-expected annual seizure risk persists beyond the currently recommended seizure-free periods, even in those without risk factors for recurrence. Our data can inform decisions regarding a return to driving for CDL holders after first-ever seizure.</p>","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statin use and long-term risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage: the MUCH-Italy.","authors":"Alessandro Pezzini, Barbara Tarantino, Maria Luisa Zedde, Simona Marcheselli, Giorgio Silvestrelli, Alfonso Ciccone, Maria Luisa Delodovici, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, Simone Vidale, Maurizio Paciaroni, Cristiano Azzini, Marina Padroni, Massimo Gamba, Mauro Magoni, Massimo Del Sette, Rossana Tassi, Ivo Giuseppe de Franco, Anna Cavallini, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Manuel Cappellari, Elisa Giorli, Giacomo Giacalone, Corrado Lodigiani, Mara Zenorini, Francesco Valletta, Rosario Pascarella, Giorgia Abrignani, Paola Castellini, Antonio Genovese, Lilia Latte, Maria Claudia Trapasso, Ilaria Grisendi, Federica Assenza, Manuela Napoli, Claudio Moratti, Sofia Beccattini, Maurizio Acampa, Franco Valzania, Mario Grassi, Davide Gentilini","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333396","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whether statin use after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) increases the risk of recurrent ICH is uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the setting of the Multicentric Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy we followed up a cohort of 30-day ICH survivors, consecutively admitted from January 2002 to July 2014, to assess whether the use of statins after the acute event is associated with recurrent cerebral bleeding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1623 patients (mean age, 73.9±10.3 years; males, 55.9%) qualified for the analysis. After a median follow-up of 40.5 months (25th to 75th percentile, 67.7) statin use was not associated with increased risk of recurrent ICH either in the whole study group (adjusted HR, 0.99; 95% CI 0.64 to 1.53) or in the subgroups defined by haematoma location (deep ICH, adjusted HR, 0.74; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.57; lobar ICH, adjusted HR, 1.09; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.90), intensity of statins (low-moderate intensity statins, adjusted HR, 0.93; 95% CI 0.58 to 1.49; high-intensity statins, adjusted HR, 1.48; 95% CI 0.66 to 3.31) and use of statins before the index event (adjusted HR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.38 to 1.17).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Statin use appears to be unrelated to the risk of ICH recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"95-99"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of outcome in cNORSE: hope for tomorrow.","authors":"Laura Mantoan Ritter","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-334475","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-334475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermediate <i>HTT</i> CAG repeats worsen disease severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Maurizio Grassano, Antonio Canosa, Sandra D'Alfonso, Lucia Corrado, Giorgia Brodini, Emanuele Koumantakis, Paolo Cugnasco, Umberto Manera, Rosario Vasta, Francesca Palumbo, Letizia Mazzini, Salvatore Gallone, Cristina Moglia, Ramita Dewan, Ruth Chia, Jinhui Ding, Clifton Dalgard, Raphael J Gibbs, Sonja Scholz, Andrea Calvo, Bryan Traynor, Adriano Chio","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333998","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2024-333998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"100-102"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}