Journal of Modern Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Endoscopic criteria for early differential diagnosis of gastritis-like form of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and gastric cancer: A prospective study","authors":"Valeria V. Lozovaia, O. Malikhova, A. O. Tumanyan, O. Gusarova","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202363","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To reveal and study basic endoscopic differential-significant criteria characterizing gastric-like form of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) from adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the stomach. \u0000Materials and methods. In the prospective study, based of Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period from 2019 to June 2023, 106 patients with gastritic-like forms of primary NHL, adenocarcinoma and SRCC of the stomach were analyzed. Complex endoscopic study included examination in the modes of white light, magnification, narrow-band imaging (NBI, BLI, LCI) was done. \u0000Results. All patients were divided into three groups: MALT gastric lymphoma (38 patients, 35.8%), gastric adenocarcinoma (33 patients, 31.1%), and SRCC (35 patients, 33.1%). At MALT-lymphoma the tumor was localized in the antrum of the stomach (52.6%),adenocarcinoma and SRCC – in the body (45.5 and 60%). In the tumor structure in MALT-lymphoma of the stomach in 100% of cases multiple point areas of microdepressions and multicenter character of the lesion were determined. At adenocarcinoma – depressed area in the central part of tumor (45.5%), at SRCC – extended areas of microdepressions (51.4%) and multicentric character of lesions. At MALT-lymphoma the pit pattern in 63.2% is of \"balloon\" type, vascular – of tree-like type (84.2%). In adenocarcinoma the vascular pattern was of the loop-type (42.4%), in SRCC – of the corkscrew-type (74.3%). Demarcation line was observed only in adenocarcinoma (100%). At endosonographic study at MALT-lymphoma the tumor was coming from deep layers of mucous coat (100%), changes of regional lymph nodes (LN) were absent, at adenocarcinoma – from mucous membrane (100%), LN were not changed, at SRCC – submucous spread of tumor (100%), changes in LN (40%). \u0000Conclusion. Complex endoscopic examination is necessary to improve the quality of endoscopic examination of malignant gastric-like tumors, to determine the depth of invasion and spread of the tumor process, to assess the regional lymph drainage.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"482 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and toxicity of cabozantinib monotherapy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a Russian multicenter observational study","authors":"M. Volkova, A. Kalpinskiy, K. Menshikov, L. V. Gorbuleva, A. Sultanbaev, O. Evsyukova, Varazdat R. Meltonian, S. Mishugin, Mikhail R. Maturov, A. Olshanskaya, Dmitrii Iu. Shemetov, T. Sannikova, M. V. Makhnutina, Marina A. Filipieva, Elena A. Gaijsina, E. Ovchinnikova, Ovsep A. Mailian, B. Alekseev, V. Matveev","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202262","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the safety and to analyze an influence of cabozantinib monotherapy toxicity on treatment efficacy in unselected Russian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). \u0000Materials and methods. Medical data of 92 patients with verified mRCC were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 56 (1979) years, most of them - 60 (65.2%) were of male gender. Twenty five (27.2%) persons had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS). At the time of cabozantinib monotherapy start 5 (5.4%) patients had favorable, 54 (58.7%) intermediate, and 33 (35.9%) unfavorable prognosis by International Metastatic Renal Cancer Database Consortium (IMDC) model. Eighty-three (90.2%) patients were pretreated, including 76 (82.6%) patients who previously received anti-angiogenic agents. All patients were administered with cabozantinib monotherapy (60 mg/day); dose adjustment was performed according to the instruction. \u0000Results. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 81 (88.0%) of 92 patients; 30 (32.6%) AEs were grade 34. Toxicity-related dose reduction of cabozantinib was required in 28 (30.4%), treatment interruption in 15 (16.3%), and discontinuation in 2 (2.2%) patients. The most common AEs were hypertension (69 patients, 75.0%), asthenia (47 patients, 51.1%), diarrhea (43 patients, 46.7%), and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (43 patients, 46.7%). The most common severe AEs were: arterial hypertension (17 patients, 18.5%), diarrhea (6 patients, 6.5%), and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (2 patients, 2.2%). The most frequent laboratory abnormalities during therapy were elevated serum transaminases (33 patients, 35.9%), anemia (13 patients, 14.1%), and thrombocytopenia (10 patients, 10.9%). No previously unreported AEs or laboratory abnormalities were observed. There was a significant increase in progression-free survival (hazard ratio 2.5; 95% confidence interval 1.05.9; p=0.046) and overall survival (hazard ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 1.28.3; p0.025) in patients with treatment-related arterial hypertension. \u0000Conclusion. The observational study confirmed the acceptable safety profile of cabozantinib in the first and subsequent lines of treatment in mRCC patients. No new safety signals were identified. Treatment-related arterial hypertension may be a favorable predictor of survival.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84296444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: accurate diagnosis as a key to successful therapy. A review","authors":"L. Babicheva, I. Poddubnaya","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202237","url":null,"abstract":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common variant of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and accounts for about 1/3 of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Western countries and about 40% of B-cell tumors worldwide. Correct diagnosis of clinically distinct subgroups of aggressive mature B-cell lymphomas is crucial for the choice of adequate treatment. Currently, the identification of DLBCL subtype depends on a combination of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic/molecular features. The classification covers the most common unspecified variant of DLBCL, also referred to as \"not otherwise specified\" (NOS), and a number of other rare forms. Over the past two decades, DLBCL NOS which accounts for more than 80% of all cases, has been the subject of a growing number of molecular studies that have identified prognostic factors that are being actively introduced into real-world clinical practice. Only the integration of morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of DLBCL will lead to the achievement of the long-term goal of curing the majority of patients with minimal or no toxic manifestations with the aid of personalized healthcare.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81652218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates in urologic oncology guidelines: renal cell carcinoma. A review","authors":"M. Volkova, D. Nosov, B. Alekseev","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202104","url":null,"abstract":"The results of several completed studies have led to a change in approaches to treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and are reflected in the clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Russia and the practical guidelines of the Russian Society of Clinical Oncology (RUSSCO). The article presents the key points of these updates.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"346 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72437521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary resectable pancreatic cancer: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"I. Khatkov, N. N. Semenov, R. Izrailov, M. Efanov, K. Dalgatov, L. G. Zhukova","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202295","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Currently available data on the efficacy and indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary resectable pancreatic cancer are contradictory and not clearly defined. \u0000Aim. To conduct a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and primary surgical treatment followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary resectable pancreatic cancer. \u0000Materials and methods. In our study, the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was retrospectively evaluated in 45 patients and in 153 patients with primary surgical treatment and subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy. \u0000Results. With a median follow-up of 41.7 months. Both, recurrence free survival in the group of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical treatment (n=33; 73%) and in the group with surgical treatment and subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy (13.9 and 19.5 months; p=0.35) and overall survival (28.4 months vs 33.7 months; p=0.29) were no different. The CA level of 19.9500 IU/ml in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was observed in 20 (44.4%) patients. At the same time, surgical treatment was performed only in 11 (55%) patients. At the same time, at the CA 19.9 level 500 IU/ml, at the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical treatment was not performed in only 3 (12%) patients (p=0.005). \u0000Conclusion. The long-term results of treatment of patients with primary resectable pancreatic cancer, whose first stage was neoadjuvant chemotherapy, practically do not differ from the group whose treatment began with surgery. Treatment of patients with an initially high (500 IU/ml) level of CA 19.9 is preferable to start with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who may have doubts about the likelihood of adjuvant chemotherapy (general condition, social adaptation, place of residence), it is also preferable to start treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It is necessary to change the algorithm of examination of patients, especially those with a level of CA 19.9500 IU/ml, to exclude a greater prevalence, for example, performing diagnostic laparoscopy to exclude metastases in the peritoneum.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88954461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrelation of HLA-I and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules with clinical and morphological signs of breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"S. Chulkova, E. Sholokhova, I. Poddubnaya, I. Stilidi, D. A. Burov, N. Tupitsyn","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202082","url":null,"abstract":"Background. For a long time, interest in the HLA peptide complex is unabated, the clinical significance of which in cancer is still the subject of intense debate. Through the presentation of HLA antigens, tumor cells become available for recognition and destruction by effector cells of the immune system. A detailed analysis of the expression status of HLA molecules by breast cancer cells is of both scientific and important practical value. It can provide additional information about the immune system to determine a further strategy for treating breast cancer. \u0000Aim. To evaluate the frequency of expression of HLA-I and class II molecules by breast cancer cells and to determine its relationship with the morphological and clinical characteristics of the tumor. \u0000Materials and methods. This study included 82 patients with breast cancer who received treatment at the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. Immunophenotyping of the primary tumor was performed by the immunohistochemical method (immunofluorescent staining) on cryostat sections. The reaction was evaluated using a ZEISS luminescent microscope (AXIOSKOP, Germany). The frequency of expression of HLA-I and class II molecules was studied depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics of breast cancer. \u0000Results. It was found that the frequency of expression of HLA I and II class molecules by breast cancer cells differed. HLA class I antigens are preserved in almost half of the cases 54.5%, while HLA class II antigens are preserved in 22.0%. Associations of molecules of the major histocompatibility complex with clinical and morphological signs of breast cancer were revealed. The frequency of HLA-DR negative cases increases in the stage advanсed (p=0.029). The frequency of monomorphic expression of HLA class II with T1 tumor was 50% versus 0% at T4 tumor (p=0.032). Estrogen receptor-negative tumors in most cases did not express HLA-II class (85.2% vs 64%; p=0.034). No connection with other clinical and morphological features of the tumor has been established. \u0000Conclusion. In most cases of breast cancer, the expression of HLA class II molecules is lost, while the expression of HLA class I is preserved in half of the cases. Monomorphic expression of HLA class II is characteristic of the early stage of breast cancer development and predominantly of receptor-positive tumors.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89551208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional support for primary patients with esophageal cancer (analytical review)","authors":"O. Obukhova, I. Kurmukov, O. B. Abu-Khaidar","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202274","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the feasibility and safety of nutritional support in primary esophageal cancer, an analysis of publications on the topic in the medical databases e-Library, PubMed, Medline was performed. Based on the data obtained, it is shown how anorexia-cachexia syndrome is diagnosed in patients with primary esophageal cancer, which transforms into sarcopenia. Nutritional support provided in the perioperative period improves the immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment. When conducting systemic antitumor treatment, nutritional support is considered as an integral component of complex therapy, allowing to achieve the best results at all stages of the treatment process, as well as after its completion. The drug of choice is enteral nutrition with a high protein and energy content.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80016543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation induced skin reactions in primary cutaneous lymphoma patients: A review","authors":"N. V. Ilyin, Y. Vinogradova, D. V. Zaslavskiy, Maria I. Maria","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202213","url":null,"abstract":"This review highlights the issue of radiation-induced skin reactions (RISR), emphasizes the high frequency of RISR in patients with cutaneous lymphomas undergoing radiation therapy, and analyzes numerous pathological processes that occur in the skin as a result of ionizing radiation exposure. The review systematically examines external and internal factors influencing the development of RISR, compares diagnostic methods, discusses preventive measures and treatments for radiation dermatitis, and describes the mechanisms of action for drugs used in RISR prophylaxis and treatment. RISR remains a significant problem in radiation therapy, characterized by a high frequency, a wide range of clinical manifestations, and an impact on patients quality of life. The mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of RISR are considered.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82663403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of surgical treatment of hemangioma of the spleen. A clinical case","authors":"A. Chekini, D. Novikov, Timur M. Avturkhanov, R.A. Mkrtumyan, Anna O. Novikova","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.2.202300","url":null,"abstract":"Focal mass lesions of the spleen are considered rare. The mass lesions of the spleen usually include malignant and benign tumors, true, false, and parasitic cysts, abscesses, hematomas, and spleen infarctions. Hemangiomas are considered the most common benign neoplasms. Abscesses or spleen infarctions have severe symptoms, pronounced laboratory test changes, disturb the patient and force him to seek help. In contrast, small benign and sometimes malignant neoplasms are asymptomatic for a long time and often are incidental findings. A 38-year-old patient with splenomegaly was admitted to the thoracic surgery center of the Private healthcare institution, Central Clinical Hospital \"RZD-Medicine\". Abdominal computed tomography showed an enlarged spleen. The blood tests were within the reference values. Given the large size of the spleen, the need to exclude marginal zone lymphoma, clinical presentation, and the risk of spleen rupture, a splenectomy was performed.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79919991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates in urologic oncology guidelines: urothelial carcinoma. A review","authors":"M. Volkova, B. Alekseev, O. Gladkov","doi":"10.26442//18151434.2023.2.202105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442//18151434.2023.2.202105","url":null,"abstract":"Guidelines for drug therapy of urothelial cancer (UC) have had several significant updates since new data from clinical studies became available and due to updates of labels for certain drugs approved for this indication in the Russian Federation. Opinions of expert panels developing clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Russia and practical guidelines of the Russian Society of Clinical Oncology (RUSSCO) were divided over several positions. The article presents the key points of these updates.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76796700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}