Journal of Modern Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and economic benefits of parenteral iron carboxymaltosate in patients with gynecological cancers: A retrospective observational study","authors":"V. Saevets, A. Shamanova","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202442","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Timely diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in cancer patients affect the quality of life and the effectiveness of anti-tumor treatment. However, choosing a method for correcting anemia is imperative to achieve maximum efficiency and safety with the least financial costs. \u0000Aim. To evaluate postoperative methods for treating iron deficiency anemia in patients with gynecological cancers based on a comparative analysis of the clinical and economic outcomes of intravenous iron carboxymaltosate and blood transfusions. \u0000Materials and methods. A study of 125 cases of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system with a history of iron deficiency anemia was conducted. Study Group 1 included 85 patients with malignancies receiving 500–1000 mg of iron carboxymaltosate (ICM) intravenously; Group 2 included 40 patients with transfusion of packed red cells (PRC). Clinical and economic outcomes of methods for anemia treatment were analyzed. \u0000Results. In Group 1, the maximum increase in hemoglobin level was observed from Week 2 of ICM treatment (median increase 1.3 g/dL) peaking by Week 9–10 (median increase 2.3 g/dL). In Group 2 the maximum increase in hemoglobin level was noted at Week 1 after PRC transfusion (median increase 2.1 g/dL), with a gradually decreasing hemoglobin level for 3 weeks after that. No side effects of ICM treatment were reported. In 7 (17.5%) patients, a pyrogenic reaction (hyperthermia) was reported after a blood transfusion. The median time from surgery to the beginning of anti-tumor treatment (radiation therapy, chemotherapy) in Group 1 was 19 days [17; 25] vs. 26 days [22; 30] in Group 2 (p=0.0021). \u0000Conclusion. High-dose ICM therapy for iron deficiency anemia in patients with gynecological malignancies is cost-effective and shows a long-term clinical effect.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"1117 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of nurulimab+prolgolimab with continued prolgolimab therapy compared to prolgolimab alone as first-line therapy in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma: final results of the phase II OBERTON clinical study","authors":"I. Samoylenko, Lev V. Demidov, Fedor V. Moiseenko, Mikhail V. Dvorkin, Svetlana A. Demidova, S. Protsenko, D. Stroyakovskiy, V.V. Kozlov, S. Odintsova, Dmitry V. Kirtbaya, Denis A. Tantsyrev, Anastasia S. Mochalova, R. V. Orlova, G. Mukhametshina, N. Fadeeva, Evgeny A. Fomin, Yana S. Chapko, Anna V. Tarasova, Nikolay B. Ermakov, Alexander K. Shemerovskiy, Vera A. Vaschenko, Valery M. Chistyakov, A. Zinkina-Orikhan, Yu N Lin'kova, Fedor B. Kryukov, Irina V. Sorokina, Anna A. Siliutina","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202463","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In an era of breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, CheckMate 067 studies declared the combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors a new standard of care for patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). A significant limitation of the widespread use of the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab in routine clinical practice is the high risk of severe immune-mediated adverse events. Prolgolimab and nurulimab are a combination of fixed doses of original monoclonal antibodies (manufactured by JSC \"BIOCAD,\" Russia) to the PD-1 receptor (prolgolimab) and the CTLA-4 receptor (nurulimab) (3:1 ratio). This paper presents the results of an international, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative, randomized, phase II OBERTON clinical study to investigate the efficacy and safety of nurulimab + prolgolimab combination therapy with continued prolgolimab therapy compared to prolgolimab alone as first-line therapy in patients with unresectable melanoma (uRM) or MM (NCT03913923). \u0000Materials and methods. The study included patients with uRM or MM who were not previously treated for metastatic disease. The patients were randomized into two groups (1:1). Patients in group 1 were treated with a nurulimab (1 mg/kg) and prolgolimab (3 mg/kg) combination at a dose of 0.2 mL/kg (equivalent to 1 mg/kg of nurulimab and 3 mg/kg of prolgolimab) once every 3 weeks during the first 4 blinded infusions. Patients in group 2 received prolgolimab monotherapy at a dose of 3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks during the first 4 blinded infusions. Starting from infusion 5, patients in both groups received open prolgolimab 1 mg/kg once every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival (PFS). The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT05732805 and is currently ongoing, but recruitment of new patients has been completed. \u0000Results. One hundred seventeen patients were randomized and received at least one dose of the study therapy. At a median follow-up of 16.79 months, the median PFS was 12.2 (4.9; not achieved) months in the nurulimab + prolgolimab group and 2.8 (1.5; 4.7) months in the prolgolimab monotherapy group (95% confidence interval 0.36-0.90, hazard ratio 0.57). PFS at 24 months was 41% in the nurulimab + prolgolimab group and 25.4% in the prolgolimab monotherapy group. In both groups, the therapy was well tolerated. Grade 3-4 immune-mediated adverse events were reported in 15.5% of patients who received nurulimab + prolgolimab, compared with 1.7% of those who received prolgolimab alone. The most frequent grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events in both treatment groups were increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and asthenia. Overall, the safety profile was favorable, as expected for the class of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-CTLA-4, and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies. \u0000Discussion. The results demonstrate a favorable safety profile in both the nurulimab + prolgolimab combination","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of the integrin profile of the primary tumor to metastasis to regional lymph nodes in breast cancer","authors":"M. Zavyalova, Gleb A. Kuznecov, Evgeniya S. Grigoryeva, L. Tashireva, D. S. Pismenny, V. Perelmuter","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202411","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Breast cancer ranks first in the structure of cancer morbidity and mortality. Involvement of a large number of regional lymph nodes is considered a poor prognostic outcome. The mechanisms of development of lymphogenous metastasis in general and common in particular are not fully understood. Integrins are involved in the metastatic process by mediating tumor cell invasion and adhesion to vascular endothelium. \u0000Aim. To study the role of integrins in lymphogenous metastasis. \u0000Materials and methods. The study included 72 patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type who underwent surgical treatment on the basis of the cancer research institute national research medical center. The average age reached 51.2 years. In accordance with the indications and morphological data, the patients underwent antitumor treatment. The tissue of the primary tumor obtained by trepanbiopsy. Histological and immunohistochemical examination was carried out according to the standard method. In primary tumor cells, the presence or absence of cytoplasmic or membrane/cytoplasmic colocalization of CD61 (Integrin beta 3), CD104 (Integrin beta 4), CD51 (Integrin alpha-V) expression was assessed. When statistically processing the results, Fisher's test and one-way regression analysis were used. \u0000Results. In the N3 group, the frequency of cytoplasmic expression of CD 61 was higher at the trend level (40.9 and 18%; p=0.074). In the group of patients with N3, positive cytoplasmic expression of CD104 (37.5 and 15.0%; p=0.029) and membrane and cytoplasmic colocalization (52.6 and 15.1%; p=0.004) were more often detected. In the group with N1 and N2, membrane and cytoplasmic colocalization of CD104 expression was less common (15.8 and 54.7%; p=0.006). When studying the expression frequency of CD51 integrin, no significant differences were found depending on the severity of lymphogenous metastasis. \u0000Conclusion. Expression of CD104 in primary tumor cells is strongly associated with widespread lymphogenous metastasis. Studies of the role of integrins in the development of lymphogenous metastasis are promising for predicting the prevalence of this process in the preoperative period and for searching for methods of influencing the tumor.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colon cancer-induced sarcopenia: clinical and radiological correlations","authors":"V. Lyadov, D. Fedorinov, M. Lyadova, Ekaterina A. Khristenko, T. S. Boldyreva, V. N. Galkin","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202447","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The course of colon cancer (CC) is burdened in many patients with elderly and senile age, the presence of severe comorbidities, and complications of the malignancy. The complex treatment for advanced colon tumors also requires the search for predictors appropriate for routine clinical practice. \u0000Aim. To study the prevalence of sarcopenia (SP) in CC and assess the relationship of SP with the immediate treatment outcomes. \u0000Materials and methods. A retro-prospective assessment of cachexia and SP according to clinical and radiological criteria and their relationship to postoperative complications was performed in 679 patients. The mean age was 65±10.7 years. Group 1 included 181 patients who received drug therapy for common types of CC. Group 2 included 498 patients who underwent elective colon resections for cancer. The presence of SP was determined by threshold values for skeletal muscle area at the LIII level, averaged to the patient's height squared. To do this, the data from abdominal computed tomography performed for 1 month or less before the start of antitumor treatment were analyzed. The threshold criteria of Prado, Martin, and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) were compared. \u0000Results. The SP prevalence was 64% according to the Prado criteria for stages I–II, 66% for stage III, and 73.4% for stage IV; according to the Martin criteria, 63.1%, 62.3%, and 68%, respectively, and according to the EWGSOP2 criteria 22.7%, 26.9%, and 32%, respectively. In general, SP was noted according to the Prado criteria in 70.2% of men and 61.4% of women, according to the Martin criteria in 55.8% of men and 71.9% of women, and according to the EWGSOP2 criteria in 27% of men and 22.9% of women. Sarcopenic obesity was identified in 10.1% of patients. In group 1, there was a statistically significant correlation (p0.001) between the presence of SP and poor overall survival of patients, with the Martin criteria showing the most significant correlation. In group 2, an equally strong correlation between the presence of SP according to the Prado criteria and postoperative mortality was found. \u0000Conclusion. In CC, SP is detected in more than half of patients before the start of antitumor treatment, being an unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival and a predictor of death after surgical treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment of SP can improve the CC therapy outcome.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138584972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News in immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma: prolgolimab in clinical practice (authors' experience)","authors":"Liana V. Oganesyan, N. Karnaukhov, Polina S. Feoktistova","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202382","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of skin melanoma is growing globally and in Russia. Also, the proportion of patients with advanced skin melanoma prevails. Introduction into clinical practice of a novel group of immunological drugs (anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1) for metastatic melanoma increased the time to disease progression and patients' life expectancy. Prolgolimab is a PD-1 inhibitor, a new domestic drug that is effective and safe in treating metastatic melanoma. The article presents authors' experience with prolgolimab. When used in the first-line treatment of metastatic melanoma, this drug achieved long-term stabilization of the disease. The drug showed good tolerability, including in patients with severe comorbidity.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: strokes to the epidemiological portrait. A review","authors":"I. Poddubnaya, L. Babicheva, E. A. Bariakh","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202402","url":null,"abstract":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous orphan lymphoproliferative disease with an aggressive course, which accounts for 30–40% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Approximately 3,000 new cases of DLBCL are diagnosed annually in Russia. The trend towards a steady increase in DLBCL incidence worldwide and the rapidly changing treatment landscape with the introduction of innovative options require the updating of epidemiological data. Despite a deeper understanding of the lymphomagenesis and molecular heterogeneity of DLBCL, the R-CHOP regimen remains the first-line standard of care for the vast majority (74%) of patients in Russia and worldwide. The effectiveness of this approach varies greatly and depends on several clinical, biological, and genetic factors. Currently, the most effective and simple prognostic model is the International Prognostic Index (IPI), according to which approximately 20% of patients are at intermediate/high risk of early progression (IPI3-5) and require therapy modification. After the first-line standard immunochemotherapy, 60–70% of DLBCL patients achieve long-term remission with the potential for cure. However, the occurrence of relapse or refractory disease in the remaining 40% of patients is associated with an abysmal prognosis with a median overall survival of about 6 months, which tends to decrease with each subsequent line, warranting an urgent need for new innovative treatments for patients with relapsed DLBCL.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"250 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial treatment for adults with advanced kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma)","authors":"","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202449","url":null,"abstract":"This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: Aldin A, Besiroglu B, Adams A, Monsef I, Piechotta V, Tomlinson E, Hornbach C, Dressen N, Goldkuhle M, Maisch P, Dahm P, Heidenreich A, Skoetz N. First-line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD013798. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013798.pub2","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"54 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of psychological interventions in women diagnosed and under treatment for non-metastatic breast cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202450","url":null,"abstract":"This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: Jassim GA, Doherty S, Whitford DL, Khashan AS. Psychological interventions for women with non-metastatic breast cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD008729. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008729.pub3.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"1098 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esophageal anastomosis: experience of open surgery and modern possibilities of video endoscopic technologies. A review","authors":"S. Nered","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202299","url":null,"abstract":"The weakest link in laparoscopic gastrectomy is the esophageal anastomosis, the reliability of which, despite the large number of proposed techniques, remains insufficient. The article presents modern methods of intracorporeal esophageal anastomosis, assesses their advantages and disadvantages. Almost all techniques use a single-layered, mostly mechanical, suture. The probability of maintaining the tightness of a single-layered esophageal anastomosis in case of its healing by secondary tension is extremely small. The experience of open surgery has shown that the placement of the terminal esophagus and the first layer of sutures of anastomosis in a serous-muscular sheath, which is formed from the wall of the intestine or stomach using invagination or wrapping methods, provides a greater likelihood of maintaining the tightness of the anastomosis in any type of healing. Expanding indications for the use of these methods in open surgery and developing a technique for intracorporeal esophageal anastomosis with covering the first layer of sutures of anastomosis with the wall of the anastomosed organ seems to be a promising direction that can significantly reduce the incidence of anastomotic leak both in open and laparoscopic surgery.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138584924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane (CD8⁺PD-1⁺ and CD4+PD-1⁺) and soluble (sPD-1 and sPD-L1) forms of immune checkpoints in melanoma, breast cancer, and oral mucosal cancer patients: A observational study","authors":"T. Zabotina, A. I. Chertkova, A. A. Borunova, Nikolay E. Kushlinskii, E. S. Gershtein, E. N. Zakharova, E. Shoua, V. T. Tsiklauri, I. Samoylenko, M. V. Khoroshilov, Zaira G. Kadagidze","doi":"10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202443","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays an important role in tumor evasion from immunological surveillance. In addition to the membrane forms of PD-1 and PD-L1, there are soluble variants: sPD-1 and sPD-L1. Both membrane and soluble forms have immunoregulatory properties and can affect the function and number of different immune cell populations. \u0000Aim. To study the relationship between the initial level of CD8⁺PD-1⁺ and CD4+PD-1⁺ lymphocytes and soluble forms of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 with the percentage of the main effector and regulatory populations of peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. \u0000Materials and methods. The study included melanoma, breast cancer and the oral mucosa cancer patients. The percentage of cell populations of PB lymphocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry before treatment. The concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 proteins were studied in blood serum using enzyme immunoassay. \u0000Results. The relationship of the level of CD8⁺PD-1⁺ cells with certain populations of CD8-lymphocytes in PB and tumor tissue was found. In the PB of melanoma patients with CD8⁺CD11b⁺CD28⁺ and CD8⁺CD11b⁻CD28⁻ T cells, in breast cancer patients with a population of CD8⁺CD11b⁺CD28⁺ lymphocytes. In the tumor tissue of all patients there was a positive correlation with a population of regulatory CD8⁺CD11b⁻CD28⁻ T cells. The immunoregulatory properties of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were confirmed. Both sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were positively correlated with the number of suppressor CD8⁺CD11b⁻CD28⁻ T cells and negatively with the level of CD8 lymphocytes, CD8⁺CD11b⁺CD28⁺ cytotoxic/memory T cells, B cells and activated CD25 lymphocytes. \u0000Conclusion. The results of the study can make a certain contribution to the study of the prognostic significance of membrane and soluble forms of PD-1 and PD-L1, taking into account the peculiarities of their relationship with suppressor and effector populations of lymphocytes of systemic and local immunity.","PeriodicalId":16401,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Oncology","volume":"5 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138584950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}