Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access最新文献_第2页

Omega -3 and its anti-inflammatory properties – the key to fight inflammation effectively 欧米茄-3及其抗炎特性——有效对抗炎症的关键

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00548

Balachandar Jc, Jayachandran M, I. Ahamed

引用次数: 2

Effect of the obese phenotype on expression of hepatic T4–5’ deiodinase activity, T3 generation and thyroidal mediated actions in congenic LA/Ntul//–cprats 肥胖表型对先天性LA/Ntul// -cprats中肝脏T4-5 '脱碘酶活性表达、T3生成和甲状腺介导作用的影响

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00546

O. Tulp

{"title":"Effect of the obese phenotype on expression of hepatic T4–5’ deiodinase activity, T3 generation and thyroidal mediated actions in congenic LA/Ntul//–cprats","authors":"O. Tulp","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00546","url":null,"abstract":"Parameters of thyroidal responses to diet and environment have long been shown to be impaired in the obese phenotype of the LA/Ntul//–cp rat. To characterize the effect of expression of the obese phenotype on activity of maximum T4–5’ deiodinase (T4–DI) activity on adiposity and aspects of metabolism, groups of lean and obese littermates were subjected to measures of resting metabolic rate (RMR, VO2) at thermal neutrality (30°C) after a brief fast, followed by dose response Norepinephrine (NE) stimulation. Hepatic T4–DI activity represents a major source of hormonally active T3 in plasma and is readily delivered to peripheral tissues. At 16 weeks of age animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, blood was collected, and liver tissue was dissected for measures of serum levels of T3 and T4, and measures of maximal tissue dithiolthreitol (DTT)–stimulated T4–DI activity determined. The retroperitoneal and dorsal white adipose (WAT) depots were also dissected to estimate the magnitude of adiposity present upon sacrifice in each phenotype. Measures of RMR and the VO2 response to NE were greater in lean than obese phenotype, and indicators of BW and adiposity were much greater in obese than lean (p=<0.01). Measures of serum T3 were greater in lean than obese, but T4 was similar in both phenotypes. Measures of the rate of hepatic T4 DI activity were greater in lean than obese (p=<0.05), and the T1/2 for T4 disappearance were also prolonged in the obese phenotype. These results are consistent with other studies of impaired nonshivering thermogenesis in this strain, and suggest that decreased activity of hepatic T4–5’ deiodinase activity may be a contributing factor in the impaired capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis and excess fat accretion in the obese phenotype of this strain.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128272433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A theoretical exploratory analysis on the risk of dysbiosis in individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases, using the DYS/FQM questionnaire 使用DYS/FQM问卷对炎症性肠病患者生态失调风险进行理论探索性分析

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00545

引用次数: 1

Autoimmune and septic vasculitis in the gastrointestinal tract – A comparative postmortem study of 38 rheumatoid arthritis patients 胃肠道自身免疫性和脓毒性血管炎——38例类风湿关节炎患者的尸检比较研究

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00544

M. Bély, A. Apathy

{"title":"Autoimmune and septic vasculitis in the gastrointestinal tract – A comparative postmortem study of 38 rheumatoid arthritis patients","authors":"M. Bély, A. Apathy","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00544","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Systemic vasculitis of autoimmune origin (AV) is a basic manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Different (acute, subacute, subchronic and chronic) stages of AV existing side by side in the same tissue sections demonstrate the relapsing nature of autoimmune vasculitis corresponding to the actual clinical activity of RA. Septic infection is one of the most serious complications of RA and can be accompanied with systemic septic vasculitis of recurrent nature (SV). Differentiation between AV and SV is of crucial importance because of different consequences and treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the histological differences between AV and SV in blood vessels of the gastrointestinal (G-I) tract. Patients and methods: Gastrointestinal tissue samples of 33 RA patients with systemic vasculitis of autoimmune origin and 5 patients with systemic vasculitis of septic origin were analyzed histologically. Results: RA patients of both genders were affected by autoimmune or septic vasculitis at any time of the disease. Relapsing autoimmune vasculitis involved in different (nonspecific, fibrinoid necrotic or granulomatous) forms blood vessels of all sizes. Recurrent septic vasculitis involved arteries of all sizes in a nonspecific and fibrinoid necrotic form; the veins were intact. Granulomatous involvement of the veins was characteristic only for autoimmune vasculitis. Discussion and conclusion: Recognition and histological differential diagnosis of AV and SV are great challenges in surgical pathology especially in small biopsy specimens. The presence of a granulomatous type of vasculitis and involvement of the veins confirms histologically the autoimmune origin of this complication, while the lack of these supports a septic origin.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117240749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contribution of the immune response to stroke provides promising directions for future stroke immunotherapies 免疫反应对中风的贡献为未来的中风免疫治疗提供了有希望的方向

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00543

Manal ME Ahmed Manal ME Ahmed

{"title":"Contribution of the immune response to stroke provides promising directions for future stroke immunotherapies","authors":"Manal ME Ahmed Manal ME Ahmed","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00543","url":null,"abstract":"In the entire world, stroke is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Tissue plasminogen activator is the sole FDA-approved drug for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke at the moment. Despite the intensive search for new treatments, hundreds of drugs targeting various pathophysiological processes have failed clinical trials. The pathogenesis of risk factors, neurotoxicity, tissue remodelling, and healing are all stages of stroke that are impacted by the immune system. The brain and immune system communicate in both directions, and infection following a stroke is the main cause of patient mortality due to the immunosuppression it causes. While clinical sequelae like dementia may now potentially be described in terms of immunity, more recent research also suggests that the gut microbiota plays a role in the immunological response to stroke. Despite research indicating both harmful and positive actions, the precise roles of innate and adaptive components are still not well understood. If immunity and inflammation are neuroprotective or neurotoxic, time is a critical factor in determining this. In addition, it is evident that many suggested treatments are influenced by the local inflammatory environment. The most promising potential stroke immunotherapies are highlighted here as this review dissects the various elements of the immune response to stroke.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129535149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of multiplex PCR in the management of acute infectious diarrhea in a hospital setting – a single center retrospective study 多重PCR在医院急性感染性腹泻管理中的作用——单中心回顾性研究

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00542

Stephan Hellmig Stephan Hellmig, Kai Schindewolf, Andre Bode

{"title":"Role of multiplex PCR in the management of acute infectious diarrhea in a hospital setting – a single center retrospective study","authors":"Stephan Hellmig Stephan Hellmig, Kai Schindewolf, Andre Bode","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00542","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim Isolation measures in patients with acute diarrhea produce enormous costs of materials and personnel. Aim of this retrospective study was to evalute the percentage of unnecessary isolations and the impact of multiplex PCR stool testing on isolation days before and after introduction into clinical practice. Methods: Between July 2020 and July 2022 in total 2373 stool specimens of patients with acute diarrhea and a course no longer than 14 days were analyzed using BioFire® FilmArray® Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel. Number of isolation beds per day were compared before and after the introduction of Multiplex PCR testing. Results: In 65% of all specimen examined no pathogen was detected. Single-room isolation was a necessary in only 22% of all cases. Isolation days on the gastroenterological ward decreased from 635 in 2019 to 384 in 2020, a reduction of 39,5%. Conclusion: In acute infectious diarrhea Multiplex PCR is a use full tool to rapidly identify the causative agent and exclude the necessity of isolation in the majority of cases. In spite of all medical and economical advantages Multiplex PCR testing has not been established widely so far.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129281621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Helicobacter pylori infection suppresses anti-cancer immunotherapy 幽门螺杆菌感染抑制抗癌免疫治疗

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00541

Konovich Ea

引用次数: 0

Environmental toxicants impact on liver physiology and function 环境毒物对肝脏生理和功能的影响

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00540

Pir Mohammad Ishfaq, I. Mishra

引用次数: 1

The role of biologics in the pathogenesis and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis 生物制剂在嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎发病机制和治疗中的作用

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00539

N. Syabbalo

{"title":"The role of biologics in the pathogenesis and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis","authors":"N. Syabbalo","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00539","url":null,"abstract":"Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder characterized by inflammation, and intraepithelial infiltration of eosinophils in the esophageal epithelium. It is associated with unbearable symptoms, such as dysphagia, and bolus impaction which affect the nutritional status, and quality of life of the patients. It is diagnosed from a thorough medical history, and confirmed by endoscopy and esophageal biopsy. Traditionally, it has been treated with elimination diet, proton pump inhibitors, and swallowed topical corticosteroids. However, several of the patients with EoE are refractory to the treatment. Eosinophilic esophagitis like eosinophilic asthma is a T helper type 2 lymphocyte (Th2)-mediated allergic disease. During an allergic inflammation Th2 cells secrete cytokines, such as interleukin-5 (IL-5). IL-4, and IL-13 which play a key role in the pathogenesis of EoE. Th2 cytokines promote eosinophilopoiesis, differentiation, proliferation, maturation and activation of eosinophils. Activated eosinophils liberate several cytotoxic cationic proteins, and reactive oxygen species which cause epithelial injury, inflammation, and remodeling, which later progresses to esophageal fibrosis. Dupilumab (dupixent®)is a monoclonal antibody which target the IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) which signals for both IL-4 and IL-13. Dupilumab is the only biologic which is effective, and approved for the treatment of EoE in adults and children 12 years and older. Treatment with dupixent® has been shown to improve dysphagia, dilate and relax the gullet, and allow patients to enjoy their cherished dish. Biologics such as dupilumab should be administered early in patients with EoE in order to prevent the menacing complications of the disease, such as esophageal stricture, and esophageal perforation, which necessitate surgical esophageal dilatation, and repair.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"2001 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125735449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bleeding giant Meckel diverticulum, masquerading as abdominal tuberculosis 巨大梅克尔憩室出血，伪装成腹部肺结核

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00538

Nalinikanta Ghosh Nalinikanta Ghosh, Somanath Malag, shish Singh shish Singh, D. Rahul, R. Saxena

引用次数: 0

Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology: Open Access最新文献

Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access最新文献