{"title":"Alternative for Renewable Energy","authors":"Muhammad Osama, Najam Waseem, Emran Ullah","doi":"10.52700/jn.v2i2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jn.v2i2.40","url":null,"abstract":"Importance of renewable energy resources has increased since the discussion on climate change has evolved from a lesser-known fact to a global issue. Heavy traffic across the globe has increased abruptly. Utilization of the energy generated by the interference of wheels of a moving vehicle and a speed breaker. A roller conveyor would serve as a part of the road that is embedded as a speed breaker. Millions of cars pass through the national highways if we are to implement the system or the project which is under consideration by means of the “Power generation by using the speed breakers”. The apparatus would consist of a roller conveyor attached to a full-fledged mechanical gear operational on the rack and pinion mechanism. The product design is assembled to acquire less space and provide more useful energy. The product design is feasible and can be implemented across the globe anywhere on the highways. The whole concept is based upon the electromechanical principles of physics mainly. Keywords: Renewable energy, electromagnetism, electrical power, energy demands, speed breakers.","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91045003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of annealing time and gas flow rate on optical and magnetic properties of (Al,Co) co-doped ZnO nanoparticles by varying Al concentration","authors":"S. Qaseem, M. Naeem, M. Ikram, Rubab Zahra","doi":"10.52700/JN.V2I1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/JN.V2I1.25","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Al, a trivalent substitution was investigated in Co doped ZnO with regards to the role of additional carriers in n-type magnetic semiconductors. Nanoparticle samples of Zn1?xCo0.04AlxO with different Al compositions (x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020) were annealed at 600 oC for different time (5 hours and 8 hours) and different gas flow rates (25 sccm and 50 sccm). All nanoparticles attained Wurtzite hexagonal structure in a stable form after annealing in forming gas. The effect of annealing time and gas pressure were investigated. Magnetization measurements revealed that air annealed samples displayed paramagnetic properties. Nevertheless, after annealing in forming gas, magnetic moments are stabilized and follow a monotonic trend. Diffuse reflectivity measurements revealed the incorporation of Co2+ ions into the Wurtzite hexagonal lattice. The optical band-gap was found to be increasing with increasing Al concentration of up to 0.01, followed by a decrease with further increase in Al concentration","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79753447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ahmad, Maryam Yasmin, Uzaira Ahmad, S. H. Bukhari, U. Nissar, J. A. Khan, H. Abbas
{"title":"Structural, optical, and electrical properties of alkaline earth doped La2-xAxFeMnO6 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) double perovskites","authors":"J. Ahmad, Maryam Yasmin, Uzaira Ahmad, S. H. Bukhari, U. Nissar, J. A. Khan, H. Abbas","doi":"10.52700/JN.V2I1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/JN.V2I1.31","url":null,"abstract":"The polycrystalline double perovskites La2-xAxFeMnO6 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; x = 0.0, 0.4) were synthesized through citrate sol-gel auto-combustion technique. The structural, optical, and electrical properties were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at room temperature, while electrical and dielectric measurements were evaluated at temperature ranges from 303 to 423 K. The XRD analysis through Rietveld refinement suggests the single phase orthorhombic (Pnma) symmetry for all the synthesized samples. The infrared reflectivity (IR) spectra were obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. The spectra were fitted by Lorentz oscillator model, to observe the optical phonon modes. The activation energies were calculated by DC resistivity measurements. According to the resistivity measurement the samples shows the semiconducting nature. The temperature dependent dielectric constant and tangent-loss with varying frequency are measured and discussed.","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81407890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Batool, R. Shafique, N. Akhtar, T. Yaqoob, M. Jabeen, A. Mehmood, R. Jabeen
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of Zinc-Doped Copper Chromites by sol gel method","authors":"K. Batool, R. Shafique, N. Akhtar, T. Yaqoob, M. Jabeen, A. Mehmood, R. Jabeen","doi":"10.52700/JN.V2I1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/JN.V2I1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Various preparation and application methods of copper chromites catalyst have recently been extensively discussed. According to all discussions, copper chromites is a versatile catalyst that not only catalyses many processes of national programmed and commercial importance, all of which are related to defense and space research, but also finds a lot of application in the most concerned worldwide, such as environmental pollution control. Copper chromites catalysts have many useful applications in the production of drugs, clean energy, and agro chemicals. Different synthesis methods are presented to prepare doped Zinc Copper chromites, demonstrating a clear understanding of the dependence of catalytic activity. This sample was created using a simple, eco-friendly sol gel method and characterized using various techniques such as EDS, SEM, UV, Raman spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence. Several parameters influence sample techniques. This sample was sintered in a furnace at 750°C for 4 hours. Zinc was successfully doped in copper chromites and emerged completely, according to EDS.","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86240171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Reduced Dimensionality on the Magnetic and Transport Properties of Ca Doped Colossal Magnetoresistive Nanoparticles","authors":"S. Qaseem, M. Naeem, M. Ikram, Nimra Niamat","doi":"10.52700/JN.V2I1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/JN.V2I1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic and electrical measurements of different nanosize Ca doped colossal magnetoresistive La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 are reported. The nanoparticles are synthesized with the modified citrate rout at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed three dominant peaks 23.040, 40.5170 .47.170, 58.660 which confirms the perovskite-like structure. The average crystallite size the nanoparticles are found to be 20 to 32nm. All the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic ordering close to the phase transition temperatures. The size dependent magnetic and electrical transport properties are explored at different fields and temperature. Saturation magnetization is found to decrease with decreasing particle diameter. It is found that the particle size can tune the trend of coercive field. Coercive field first increases from 78 to 210 Oe and then decreases to 174 Oe. The electrical transition temperature is found to be 158 K for 20nm particle. Oxygen deficiency in such system generally reduces Mn4+ to Mn3+ to keep the charge neutrality of the structure and hence it destroys the conduction path ways to mobile electrons, at least in long range, and thus insulating behavior becomes more prominent in the larger temperature range. The trend at lower temperature attribute to the coulomb blockade.","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86172591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Particulate Matter as a Giant Fraction of Fossil Fuel in Urbanized Areas","authors":"S. Ilyas, Ather Hassan","doi":"10.52700/JN.V2I1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/JN.V2I1.32","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuel injects particulate matter into a clean environment which has diverse effects on the biosphere. It is the cry of the masses which stimulates investigation of the local ambient environment for Particulate Matter (PM) and its sources. The purpose has been achieved by using versatile techniques such as Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI™) for collection, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry for characterization by Size Mass Concentration, and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy techniques were utilized to identify and quantify different PM in the study area. The urban territories (different locations of Okara) were found contaminated with coarse, fine, and ultra-fine Particulate matter because of local industries and vehicular emissions. Coarse particles (PM10) of size 3.2 µm and 10 µm, fine particles (PM2.5) and Ultra-fine particles (0.056 µm) were quantified around 8 ?g/m3, 10 ?g/m3 and 25 ?g/m3 respectively. The obtained results could be linked with the widespread use of low-quality fossil fuels and the increased number of vehicles. The ultimate solution to the prevailing scenario can be in hand by switching over to renewable energies such as solar, hydrogen, and wind.","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82773994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Umer, Iqra Naz, Muhammad Miqdad Khan, Muhammad Shahryar
{"title":"Predictive Analysis for the Detection of Covid-19 with Chest X-Ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Muhammad Umer, Iqra Naz, Muhammad Miqdad Khan, Muhammad Shahryar","doi":"10.52700/jn.v1i2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jn.v1i2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence comes up with a lot of ease and advancements in almost all sectors of living. No one of us can deny its contributions in the medical field. Disease detection is one of the greatest achievements of Machine Learning. During the pandemic of COVID-19, medical emergency and less of experts has affected the health sector a lot. Detection of Covid-19 has become much more important than its cure to protect others from the virus. Detection of Covid-19 with our model is much easier through the x-ray images. The model using Convolutional Neural Network has trained on our self-made algorithm which was named to be Lungs X Ray Neural Networks (LxN) providing much more accurate than any other model available. It can process multiple datasets in a batch and our model is generalized very well with an accuracy of 98.8 % on validation and 98.0% on test set. The dataset for solving this problem was obtained from the open-source ieee8023 GitHub Repository, constantly updating with the images around the globe, containing a combo of both corona and non-corona cases. The result obtained from the model is y ? {1, 0} indicating Corona presence or absence respectively. Lungs X Ray Neural Networks (LxN) model is not only specialized on corona data but can be fine-tuned on any other lung images like pneumonia. Thus LxN has significant role in the research area of AI in case of medicine.","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80590625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Islam, Mahwish Batool Kazmi, R. Jabeen, M. Saeed
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Bioactive Potential of Medicinal Plants Extracts and their Respective Nanoparticles","authors":"A. Islam, Mahwish Batool Kazmi, R. Jabeen, M. Saeed","doi":"10.52700/jn.v1i2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jn.v1i2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles are used in each department of wisdom like medicine, engineering and all other areas and still attracting the scientist to invent new ideas and make new invention for their own profit, because of their small sizes. New school of thoughts proved that they also have antimicrobial properties. Among various metal nanoparticles, Silver nanoparticles earned a special interest among researchers. These are prepared by some chemical ways with the help of some reducing agents which the passage of time become responsible for different multihued biological risk due to their specific toxicity, Procreate the subdued relate to manifest environment amicable process. There are many biological application that are used to brim the vacant i.e Natural way of synthesis of biological entities extracted from agricultural waste unveil the pretentiousness across other scientific methods. The agricultural waste endure super regulated convention to make it beneficial for the synthesis of nanoparticles. These bestow blog disclose the bumper variety of plants apply toward fast and unistep fashion to prepare the nanoparticles by green synthesis. Which exhibit antimicrobial activities against microbes.","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85507327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese Chromites Spinel by using Sol-gel Method","authors":"Afsin Gungor, Ali Ozhan","doi":"10.52700/jn.v1i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jn.v1i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper we reports the synthesis of spinel Maganese Chromites (MnCr2O4) Nano-Crystalline by sol gel method. The sample was calcined at different temperature like 750?C and 950?C for good results. Ethylene glycol which is used to control the agglomeration of Nano-particles. By powder x-ray diffraction combine average particle size of Nano-particles was determined which shows that crystal size increases from 19nm to more when we increase the sintered temperature. SEM shows that results are in good agreements. From PL spectra the band gap energy was calculated which is almost 4.03 eV at 750?C but it can decreases when we increase the temperature like 950?C is 3.89 eV. Raman results showed that wavelength is maximum like 1306cm-1 and 1465cm-1.","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87491799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mujahid, H. M. Khan, Zartasha Sarwar, K. Ali, Mohammad Shoib, I. Sadiq, Yongbing Xu, Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Nadeem, Tahira Akhtar, Rashida Anjum, Innam ur Rehmana
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminium and Cobalt substituted W type Hexagonal Ferrites","authors":"M. Mujahid, H. M. Khan, Zartasha Sarwar, K. Ali, Mohammad Shoib, I. Sadiq, Yongbing Xu, Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Nadeem, Tahira Akhtar, Rashida Anjum, Innam ur Rehmana","doi":"10.52700/jn.v1i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jn.v1i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Our work utilized sol-gel auto combustion method for M-type ferrites synthesis with hexagonal orientation having chemical composition Ca (1-X) AlXCo2Fe16O22. Annealing of the samples was performed for 8 hours at 1200oC. Structural properties and grain morphology of the synthesized samples included X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforming infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy techniques and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD analysis verified that all samples exhibited single-phase crystalline hexagonal w-type structure at a temperature range of 1200oC without impurity level. The approximate grain size from SEM images is within the range of 76-139 nm, which confirms nanocrystal line structure of hexagonal samples. The spectral analysis of the FT-IR showed that the band of absorption ranged from 450 cm-1 to 650 cm-1. FTIR spectra of prepared samples disclosed proof of positive formation of hex ferrites. The presence of metal oxygen bonding at octahedral site and tetrahedral site indicates that all manufactured samples show hexagonal ferrites w-type hexagonal ferrites are ideal for application with high frequency applications, such as microwave systems.","PeriodicalId":16381,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NANOSCOPE (JN)","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87350081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}