Journal of Nepal Health Research Council最新文献

{"title":"Cutaneous Larva migrans: A Case Series of a Skin-related Neglected Tropical Diseases from Nepal.","authors":"Shraddha Shrestha, Shashi Hirachan, Niraj Parajuli","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous larva migrans is a tropical dermatosis acquired through the helminthic infection. It is caused by penetration of animal hookworm larva in patient with history of walking barefoot on soil or beaches or with history of travel to tropical areas. It usually presents clinically as a pruritic serpiginous lesion with a trailing. Here, we report three cases who presented as asymptomatic to pruritic thread like serpiginous lesion on cutaneous examination. Cutaneous larva migrans was diagnosed clinically and proper treatment was done with complete regression of manifestations within a week. Although the condition is self-limiting, it is an under-diagnosed entity leading to delay in treatment and exacerbation of clinical manifestations including rare pulmonary manifestation called Loefflers syndrome. Keywords: Creeping eruption; ivermectin; larva migrans; skin-NTDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"651-653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude Towards Human Papilloma Virus and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine.","authors":"Sandesh Poudel, Snigdha Rai, Shree Prasad Adhikari, Sheela Dhakal, Nisha Rai, Preetam Chandra Upadhyaya, Pushkal Shah","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human papilloma virus is the leading cause of cervical cancer with Human papilloma virus 16 and 18 being the commonest variants. The primary prevention by vaccination against HPV is finally gaining its momentum. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards Human papilloma virus and Human papilloma virus vaccine and highlighted on the setback of their inadequate knowledge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a community based cross sectional study done among 120 women who attended cervical cancer screening camp at satellite clinic of Paropakar Maternity and Women`s Hospital at Bhaisepati of Kathmandu district. The interview was done one on one with a preformed questionnaire. Data was primarily entered in an individual form and analysis was done using SPSS version 23 program and was depicted in tables, diagrams and chart.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the women was 41.8±9.9 with majority belonging to age group 41-50 years (47.16%), 88 (74%) women were multiparous,59 (49%) were uneducated and 50 (33%) were previously screened for cervical cancer. Among 27 (22%) of the women who had heard about HPV and knew that it causes cervical cancer, most of them have heard from social media while 110(91.6%) did not know about its vaccine and its availability while 100% of the participants had positive attitude towards receiving the information and keen on vaccinating their daughters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowledge and awareness of Human Papilloma Virus and its vaccine still remains low among the women in our society. However, there was high acceptance of HPV vaccine, indicating potentially high uptake rates in these communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"622-626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Approval in Nepal: Barriers or Facilitators?","authors":"Namita Ghimire, Sony Pandey, Pramod Joshi, Ramesh Kant Adhikari","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Any research involving human participants requires review and approval from an authorized research ethics committee to safeguard participant's rights, dignity and welfare while ensuring the scientific validity of the research. Ethical approval is mandatory before initiating or ecruiting study participants. It is also a prerequisite for publishing research findings in scientific journals contributing to ensuring the quality of scientific knowledge. The ethical review process focuses on the assessment of potential risks to the participants as well as the research team focusing on how such risks are identified, minimized and managed. This paper provides an overview of the Nepal Health Research Council's ethical review and approval process for both national and international researchers intending to conduct health research in Nepal. Despite this, the Nepalese ethics committee and researcher face several challenges, including limited awareness of responsible conduct of research, limited training opportunities, unclear clinical trial guidelines, bureaucratic hurdles, and frequent staff turnover in research governance. This paper highlights these challenges and aims to support both researchers and the Ethics Committee in promoting the responsible conduct of health research in Nepal. Keywords: Ethical issues; ethical review and approval; Nepal and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"647-650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension and its Associated Factors in a Middle-Aged Population.","authors":"Tulsi Ram Bhandari, Shishir Paudel, Anisha Chalise, Jenny Ojha, Grish Paudel, Bhushan Khatiwada, Uday Narayan Yadav","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing these complications. However, many people lack awareness regarding their blood pressure. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in rural communities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 525 middle-aged (35-60 years) residents of the Rupa Rural Municipality, Nepal, from August to December 2020. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the factors associated with hypertension at a 5% level of significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than half (50.9%) of the respondents had normal to elevated systolic pressure, while only one-third (33.9%) had normal to elevated diastolic pressure. Only 47.4% of the hypertensive participants were aware of their hypertensive condition. Being a male (aOR: 1.903; 95% CI: 1.184-3.030), in middle age of 45-55 years (aOR: 2.002; 95% CI: 1.152-3.478), having basic education (aOR: 2.014; 95% CI:1.174-3.455), currently consuming alcohol (aOR: 1.923; 95% CI: 1.095-3.375), and being overweight/ obese (aOR: 1.899; 95% CI: 1.262-2.859) were identified as significant factors associated with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The studys findings emphasize the urgency of interventions to improve awareness of hypertension and its management to improve health outcomes. Targeted interventions will have an opportunity to reduce the burden of hypertension which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among the middle-aged population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"582-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Medical Student Syndrome among Medical Students of Nepal.","authors":"Samata Nepal, Alok Atreya, Swasti Bhandari, Laxmi Prasad Sapkota, Ritesh G Menezes, Laxman Gnawali, Kishor Adhikari","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical student syndrome (MSS) entails the development of symptoms of the same disease as the one being studied in medical students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Medical student syndrome among medical students in Nepal and identify associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Lumbini Medical College Palpa, Nepal on medical students. Google form-based questionnaire was made, and the link was distributed to the students. A cut-off score was derived for Medical student syndrome. Students whose scores exceeded this threshold were categorized as having experienced Medical student syndrome. The responses received from the consenting students were downloaded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to SPSS v 26 and analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of Medical student syndrome was 17.8%. There was no significant difference in Medical student syndrome scores between genders (p = 0.801). However, year of study significantly influenced Medical student syndrome scores (p = 0.001, η² = 0.069), with final year students reporting higher scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This cross-sectional study revealed a significant prevalence of Medical Student Syndrome among medical students in Nepal, with nearly 18% reporting symptoms of the condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"616-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Care Practice among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases.","authors":"Kalpana Sharma, Hem Kumari Subba, Sunita Poudyal, Shital Adhikari","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.4937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.4937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-management behaviour is crucial for halting the progression of the disease and preventing exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Hence, this study aimed to assess self-care practice among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases attending at a teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study was carried out among 106 patients who were diagnosed to have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and attending at respiratory and critical care medicine department of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 106 samples for the study. Structured interview schedule and observation checklist were used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 23 for window using descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The finding of this study revealed that 50.0% of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases had high and 50.0% had low self-care practice. Only 5.7% were using inhaler correctly whereas 94.3% of patients were using inhaler incorrectly, Furthermore, marital status, ethnicity and level of depression were found to be the significant factors associated with self-care practice of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Half of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases have low self-care practice whereas almost all are using inhaler incorrectly. Hence, self-management intervention program is needed for the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases to enhance their knowledge and skill on self-care practice including inhaler use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"527-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Risk Factors and Perinatal Outcome of Fetal Growth Restriction.","authors":"Sanyukta Rajbhandary, Suvana Maskey","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide, Fetal growth restriction is a leading cause of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and morbidity. Several maternal factors influence fetal growth and increases the risk of fetal growth restriction. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors and perinatal outcome of fetal growth restriction at Tribhuvan University teaching hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Tribhuvan University teaching hospital. A total of 140 Pregnant women at > 28 weeks period of gestation clinically diagnosed as FGR and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23. The association between various risk factors and FGR was studied using the binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 140 FGR fetuses, 27.9 % (39) belonged to the <10th percentile (Mild Fetal growth restriction) and 72.1%(101) belonged to<5th percentile (Severe Fetal growth restriction). Maternal age more than 35 years was found to be statistically significant as a risk factor in the severe Fetal growth restriction group. Among the maternal co-morbidities, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was found to be the most common co-morbidity followed by heart disease and thyroid disorders. The Fetal growth restriction neonates requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay was 42 (30%) and the median neonatal intensive care unit stay was 4 days. The fetal morbidities associated with fetal growth restriction were prematurity,respiratory distress syndrome(RDS), sepsis, meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS) and neonatal jaundice (NNJ). Among the 140 FGR babies, 138 were live born and there were 2 neonatal deaths (NND).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study ,advanced maternal age is found to be a significant risk factor for Fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension is the most common comorbidity associated with Fetal growth restriction. Therefore, identification of such women, their regular antenatal checkups, fetal surveillance and timely intervention are crucial for better perinatal outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"567-573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of Eye Donation among University Students.","authors":"Shailesh Mani Pokharel, Nabin Lamichhane, Sushil Regmi","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds: </strong>Eye donation is an act of donating, one's eyes, mostly the cornea after his/her death. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates every 5 second, someone goes blind. There are currently about 45 million blind people in the world which increases by 1 to 2 million every year. The study aimed to identify and explore the awareness of eye donation among university students in Morang, Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on Undergraduate Students of Purbanchal University School of Health Sciences a constituent college of Purbanchal University situated in Sundarharaicha Municipality of Morang District of Nepal. Population proportionate simple random sampling technique was applied to allocate the sample size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the total of 177 respondents, 22.0% are from the Pharmacy faculty, 22.6% from Public Health, and 55.4% from Nursing. Out of the total respondents, 98.9% were aware of eye donation, while only 1.1% had no awareness. About 86.9%, of the respondents correctly identified the cornea as a donatable part. However, a smaller percentage mentioned the retina (4.0%), eye ball (6.9%), and lens (2.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of the study on awareness of eye donation suggest the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance understanding the parts of eye for donation and avoiding the misconceptions about various aspects of eye donation among Health Sciences students.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"543-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms.","authors":"Sandeep Bohara, Amit Bahadur Pradhanang, Gopal Sedain, Mohan Raj Sharma","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.4986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.4986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms account for 3% to 7% of intracranial aneurysms. They have increased risk of premature rupture during surgery and tend to have a higher morbidity. We aim to determine the clinical characteristics, management strategies and outcomes of patients with these aneurysms who underwent microsurgical clipping at a major university hospital in Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of patients with distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms who underwent microsurgical clipping between 2012-2022. Demographic data and clinical-radiological factors like Hunt and Hess grade, aneurysm location, and modified Rankin scale score at three, six, and 12 months were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26 aneurysms were microsurgically clipped in 20 patients in ten years. Most patients presented with Hunt and Hess grade II. Of the 26 aneurysms, 16 (62%) were in A3 segment. Six patients had associated anterior communicating artery aneurysm, two patients had middle cerebral artery aneurysm and two patients had associated arteriovenous malformation. Sixteen patients (80%) had a favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤2) at 12 months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aneurysms in the distal anterior cerebral artery locations are a challenging subset of aneurysms to treat. The majority of the patients had aneurysms in A3 segment and 80% patients had a favourable outcome at 12 months follow up period.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"537-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Video-assisted Distraction Therapy on Childrens Pain Perceptions during Peripheral Venous Cannulation.","authors":"Menuka Bhandari, Munawatee Rai, Puja Gartaula","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.4900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.4900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Relief of pain is a basic need and right of all children; effective pain management requires health professionals to be able to apply several interventions to achieve optimal results. The current study aimed to discover the Effectiveness of Video-assisted Distraction Therapy on Children's Pain Perceptions during Peripheral Venous Cannulation in Pediatric Wards of Biratnagar, Nepal.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Pediatric Wards of different hospitals in Biratnagar. Data collection was done from Feb 27, 2023, to April 28, 2023. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting the desired sample size. Data was collected through an interview questionnaire and a standard observational checklist, the FLACC pain rating scale. The experimental group received video-assisted distraction therapy as an intervention, while the control group received routine intravenous care from the nurses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is a significant difference between the pain perception score in the experimental and control group during peripheral venous cannulation (p= <0.001) during and after two minutes of cannulation. Similarly, the level of pain was also different in both groups, 42.5% of children in the experimental group perceived moderate pain, 37.5% perceived mild pain and 20% reported severe pain whereas 92.5% of respondents perceived severe pain and only 7.5% perceived moderate pain during peripheral venous cannulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Video-assisted Distraction Therapy was very efficient at distracting children from their pain during intravenous cannulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 3","pages":"519-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}