Journal of Movement Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Perspectives.","authors":"Hae-Won Shin, Zoltan Mari","doi":"10.14802/jmd.26168","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.26168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), has been investigated as an adjunctive therapeutic approach for neurological and psychiatric disorders. In Parkinson's disease (PD), NIBS is of particular interest because several motor and nonmotor symptoms remain insufficiently controlled by pharmacological or surgical treatments. This review summarizes the mechanisms and clinical applications of NIBS in PD, with emphasis on cortical excitability, synaptic plasticity, and network oscillations. These physiological effects may contribute to therapeutic benefit, although clinical responses vary according to stimulation parameters, disease stage, and concurrent task or rehabilitation context. Among NIBS modalities, rTMS has the most consistent clinical evidence, particularly for improving motor symptoms, gait disturbance, depression, and selected cognitive outcomes when applied to the motor cortex, supplementary motor area, or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. tDCS has shown limited and inconsistent efficacy as a monotherapy for motor symptoms but may have potential benefits for cognitive and mood-related outcomes, especially when combined with physical rehabilitation or cognitive training. tACS remains at an earlier stage of clinical investigation, with preliminary evidence suggesting that frequency-specific stimulation may modulate abnormal oscillatory activity and improve selected motor outcomes, such as tremor or motor stability. Safety, tolerability, and biomarker-guided personalization are important considerations for clinical translation. Further studies are needed to standardize stimulation protocols, assess long-term efficacy, and identify predictors of treatment response. Overall, NIBS represents a generally safe and noninvasive approach that may complement existing treatments for PD. This review summarizes the current evidence and future directions for NIBS-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"249-260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downbeat Nystagmus and Slow Orthostatic Tremor: Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of PNPLA6-Related Disorders.","authors":"Madathum Kuzhiyil Farsana, Vikram V Holla, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal","doi":"10.14802/jmd.26013","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.26013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"327-329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attentional or Non-Tactile Sensory Tricks in Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia: A Phenomenological Observation.","authors":"Tara Khoeini, Gholam Ali Shahidi, Mohammad Rohani","doi":"10.14802/jmd.26034","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.26034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"346-348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosis After Weight Loss During Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa Therapy.","authors":"Laura Hartmann, Klaus Seppi, Lukas Gattermeyer-Kell, Petra Katschnig-Winter, Daniela Kern, Mariella Kögl, Elisabeth Sokol, Christian Enzinger, Petra Schwingenschuh","doi":"10.14802/jmd.26058","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.26058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"349-352"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Cognitive Function in Complex Gait Patterns.","authors":"Seong-Beom Koh","doi":"10.14802/jmd.26192","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.26192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":"19 3","pages":"247-248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myoclonus and Gaze Palsy in Childhood-Onset SQSTM1-Related Neurodegeneration.","authors":"Jacky Ganguly, Sayoni Roychowdhury, Rohit Keshav, Debayan Dutta, Soumava Mukherjee, Purba Basu, Hrishikesh Kumar","doi":"10.14802/jmd.26164","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.26164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"363-364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Significance of Thyroid 123I- Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine Uptake in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Sang-Won Yoo, Dong-Woo Ryu, Yoonsang Oh, Seunggyun Ha, Joong-Seok Kim","doi":"10.14802/jmd.26046","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.26046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The thyroid gland receives sympathetic innervation. 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) is a noradrenaline analog taken up by adrenergic nerve terminals. Although thyroid uptake can be detected on 123I-MIBG scintigraphy, its quantitative value is poorly understood. This study examined the clinical relevance of thyroid 123I-MIBG uptake in Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 233 de novo patients were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort and underwent 123I-MIBG scintigraphy. Early and late heart-to-mediastinum ratios (HMRs) and early thyroid-to-mediastinum ratios (TMRs) were calculated. Baseline TMRs were estimated using a mixed model after verifying the empirical linear decline over time. Observed and model-implied uptake ratios were analyzed in relation to adrenergic blood pressure (BP) control, motor and nonmotor burdens, and quality of life (QoL). Baseline thyroid uptake was further assessed for its influence on longitudinal disease progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were assessed for early PD (mean age, 68.7±8.7 years; median disease duration, 1.0 years). The mean follow-up was 57.3±22.1 months. A lower baseline HMR correlated with greater changes in orthostatic BP, greater autonomic symptom burden, and worse motor and nonmotor functions and QoL. Overall, the TMR was not significantly correlated; however, it was associated with a greater occurrence of supine hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, and nondipper or nocturnal hypertension. Thyroid uptake did not influence longitudinal changes in motor, nonmotor, cognitive, or QoL measures, although higher uptake tended to be associated with slower cognitive decline and better QoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thyroid 123I-MIBG uptake did not predict disease progression but may indicate early blood pressure dysregulation and could reflect nonmotor vulnerability in PD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel GNAO1 Variant Associated With Variable and Mild Phenotypes in a Spanish Family.","authors":"Manuel Delgado-Alvarado, Miryam Carecchio, Esther Onecha, María Rivera-Sánchez, Jon Infante, Javier Riancho","doi":"10.14802/jmd.26110","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.26110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"360-362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Impairment Alters Cortical Adaptation and Gait Regulation During Obstacle Walking in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Evidence From Temporal fNIRS and Gait Dynamics.","authors":"Pei-Ling Wong, Yea-Ru Yang, Chen-Wei Hung, Nai-Chen Yeh, Shih-Jung Cheng, Ray-Yau Wang","doi":"10.14802/jmd.25346","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.25346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obstacle crossing during walking poses a major risk of falling among individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly those with cognitive impairment. Although cognitive decline worsens gait, its specific effects on gait performance and cortical activation during obstacle walking remain unclear. The dynamic interaction between brain activity and gait across different walking phases is especially understudied in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) compared with those without cognitive impairment (PD-non-MCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen PD-non-MCI and fifteen PD-MCI participants performed obstacle walking, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and premotor cortex (PMC). Gait parameters (speed, cadence, stride length, and stride time) and obstacle crossing metrics (crossing speed, stride length, stride time, and step width) were analyzed across early (5-20 s) and late (20-40 s) phases. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine group, phase, and interaction effects. Brain-gait associations were assessed using Spearman's correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PD-MCI participants exhibited poorer obstacle walking performance than PD-non-MCI participants, but no significant phase-related behavioral change was observed. Both groups showed higher PFC, SMA, and PMC activation during the early phase, reflecting greater neural engagement at task onset. However, SMA and PMC activation decreased more steeply across phases in the PD-MCI group. In PD-MCI patients, obstacle walking performance correlated negatively with early-phase PMC and late-phase PFC activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PD-MCI participants had poorer gait and greater cortical activation, indicating increased neural effort and reduced efficiency. These.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>highlight altered brain-gait coupling in PD-MCI patients and emphasize the need for interventions that increase neural efficiency during complex walking.</p>","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"284-294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Amnesia Light and Brief Assessment (ALBA) and Door PICture Naming and Immediate Recall (PICNIR) Brief Tests for Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Kateřina Stolaríková, Aleš Bartoš, Kateřina Menšíková, Helena Kisvetrová, Jana Zapletalová, Sandra Kurčová, Raymond Rosales, Petr Kaňovský","doi":"10.14802/jmd.25271","DOIUrl":"10.14802/jmd.25271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using two brief tests, the Amnesia Light and Brief Assessment (ALBA) and the door version of the PICture Naming and Immediate Recall (door PICNIR), in 6-8 minutes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ALBA, the door PICNIR, and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) were administered to 124 participants, equally divided into patients with PD and sociodemographically matched normal controls (NC). The PD group was divided into those with normal cognitive function (PD-CN) and those with MCI (PD-MCI) using neuropsychological tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cognitive impairment in the PD group was mild, with significantly lower ACE-III scores than in the NC group (91 vs. 96 points). Despite these subtle deficits, gesture recall in the ALBA group was significantly lower even in the PD-CN group than in the NC group. Patients with PD-MCI had other significant deficits according to the ALBA and door PICNIR tests. In the PD group, the gesture recall in the ALBA and correctly recalled pictures in the door PICNIR correlated with the results of the verbal fluency and trail-making tests, followed by the memory tests and all the ACE-III scores except the visuospatial score. In contrast, correctly recalled sentence words in the ALBA correlated with the memory and language scores in the ACE-III test and memory test scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Subtle cognitive changes in patients with PD can be detected through gesture recall tests, even in those with normal cognition. The ALBA and PICNIR tests are effective in identifying MCI in patients with PD and provide a brief and valid assessment of cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":16372,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Movement Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"261-274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146180319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}