Journal of multiple sclerosis最新文献_第10页

Multiple Sclerosis and Gene Polymorphisms: are we Groping in the Dark? 多发性硬化症和基因多态性:我们是在黑暗中摸索吗?

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000162

E. Haq

引用次数: 2

Immune Tolerance Induction against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Using A New PLP-B7AP Conjugate that Simultaneously Targets B7/CD28 Costimulatory Signal and TCR/MHC-II Signal. 利用同时针对 B7/CD28 Costimulatory 信号和 TCR/MHC-II 信号的新型 PLP-B7AP 共轭物诱导免疫耐受，对抗实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎 (EAE)

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000131

Ahmed H Badawi, Paul Kiptoo, Teruna J Siahaan

{"title":"Immune Tolerance Induction against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Using A New PLP-B7AP Conjugate that Simultaneously Targets B7/CD28 Costimulatory Signal and TCR/MHC-II Signal.","authors":"Ahmed H Badawi, Paul Kiptoo, Teruna J Siahaan","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000131","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000131","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the current therapies used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) are either ineffective or have adverse side effects. As such, there is a need to develop better therapies that specifically target myelin-specific aberrant immune cells involved in CNS inflammation without compromising the general immune system. In the present study, we developed a new bifunctional peptide inhibitor (BPI) that is effective and specific. Our BPI (PLP-B7AP) is composed of an antigenic peptide from myelin proteolipid protein (PLP139-151) and a B7 antisense peptide (B7AP) derived from CD28 receptor. The main hypothesis is that PLP-B7AP simultaneously targets MHC-II and B7-costimulatory molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC) and possibly alters the differentiation of naïve T cells from inflammatory to regulatory phenotypes. Results showed that PLP-B7AP was very effective in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) compared to various controls in a mouse model. PLP-B7AP was effective when administered both before and after disease induction. Secreted cytokines from splenocytes isolated during periods of high disease severity and remission indicated that PLP-B7AP treatment induced an increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, analysis of cortical brain tissue sections showed that PLP-B7AP treated mice had significantly lower demyelination compared to the control group. All these taken together indicate that the T cell receptor (TCR) and the CD28 receptor can be targeted simultaneously to improve efficacy and specificity of potential MS therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33979634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Pathology of the Internal Jugular Vein in Multiple Sclerosis 多发性硬化症颈内静脉的病理

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000160

M. Pedriali, P. Zamboni

{"title":"The Pathology of the Internal Jugular Vein in Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"M. Pedriali, P. Zamboni","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000In the last years it has been described a condition named Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI), frequently but not exclusively associated to Multiple Sclerosis (MS), which generated a strong scientific controversy about the epidemiological prevalence and the possible role in the complex, multi-factorial MS ethio-pathogenesis. However, CCSVI description also stimulated a considerable research activity on the extracranial veins. Among the fields of interest, the pathology of the Internal Jugular Veins (IJVs) was deeply investigated by some groups, so improving our knowledge in an underestimated field of MS research. Currently, the available papers clearly show the presence of abnormalities in the IJV wall of MS patient’s respect to control tissue. In the tunica intima a significant derangement and loss of the endothelial cells have been described. Interestingly scanning electronic microscopy showed absence of endothelium in the defective jugular valves. In the adventitia it has been described an inverted ratio between type I and type III collagen, with prevalence of the latter. Finally, in the adventitia layer it has been found the presence of calcifications arranged around the vena venarum. Assessment of immune cells in the three IJV layers did not demonstrate increased infiltration. Current studies do not clarify the origin of the pathology of the IJV in patients with MS. Congenital, infectious, or even post thrombotic ethiology have been advocated. Finally, the review summarizes studies which link the CCSVI pathophysiology to the complex MS pathogenesis, and particularly to the impact of restricted brain outflow on the cerebral spinal fluid dynamics and cerebral perfusion.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78310313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

A Cohort Study of Cognitive Impairment in Patients of Multiple Sclerosis 多发性硬化患者认知功能障碍的队列研究

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-11-29 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000161

Rumpaul Rima

{"title":"A Cohort Study of Cognitive Impairment in Patients of Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Rumpaul Rima","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Introduction:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease which disrupts the ability of nervous system to communicate, resulting in a wide range of signs and symptoms including physical, cognitive and psychiatric. Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the quality of life of patients with MS. Remission of cognitive symptoms is uncommon, and cognitive decline may indicate progressive disease despite stable physical symptoms. Methods: \u0000A total of 30 patients of MS diagnosed by modified Mc Donald criterion 2010 had undergone MACFINS battery of Cognitive testing twice, first at the time of initial recruitement and then after a period of 6 months. \u0000Results: No significant cognitive decline was observed in patients after a mean follow up of 11 months. There was mild but not significant impairment in EDSS. There appears a strong direct correlation between all neuropsychological tests and physical disability. Most significant correlation of EDSS is seen with PASAT (P=0.002), BVMT1(P= 0.008), BVMT2(P=0.007), COWAT(P=0.0002) and Stroop B(P=0.009). \u0000Conclusion: Cognitive deterioration occurs probably insidiously and inconsistently in patients with MS. EDSS has significant direct correlation with cognitive impairment in these patients. A larger sample size study is required to conclusively establish cognitive performance in MS patients.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81469752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Useless Hand Syndrome and Astereognosis in Multiple Sclerosis 多发性硬化症的残手综合征与立体诊断

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-11-20 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000159

B. Okuda

{"title":"Useless Hand Syndrome and Astereognosis in Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"B. Okuda","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Useless hand syndrome (UHS) by Oppenheim, comprising clumsiness of complex finger movements and loss of manual dexterity, arises from cervical cord lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) [1]. From Oppenheim’s report, UHS has been attributed to impaired proprioception, resembling the nature of sensory ataxia [1,2]. In fact, T2 MRI showed high cervical lesions (C2-C4), consistently involving the posterior cord at the C3 to C4 level, in all of our patients with MS and UHS. However, I do not necessarily support the above-mentioned mechanism underlying UHS, because UHS was not associated with disturbance of deep sensations in some cases. As reported previously, UHS might be attributable to astereognosis rather than sensory ataxia, suggesting a disorder of sensorimotor integration [3]. While posterior cord lesions cause both of UHS and sensory ataxia, the underlying mechanism appears to differ, at least in part. In this regard, concurrent sensory disturbances may be helpful in elucidating the underlying mechanism of UHS. In all of our patients, stereognosis was most severely disturbed, whereas disturbance of other combined sensations such as two-point discrimination and graphesthesia ranged from severe to moderate. Combined sense was not necessarily impaired in parallel with deep sense.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78989068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple Sclerosis and Work: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Perspective of Persons with Early Stage MS 多发性硬化症与工作:早期多发性硬化症患者视角的解释性现象学分析

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-10-31 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000158

A. Capelle, L. Visser, Frans Vosman

{"title":"Multiple Sclerosis and Work: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Perspective of Persons with Early Stage MS","authors":"A. Capelle, L. Visser, Frans Vosman","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Objective:This study explores the lived experience in their working lives of people with early stage multiple sclerosis (MS). \u0000Method: Ten people at various stages in their careers (applying, employed, recently retired) who had been diagnosed with early stage MS were interviewed in open, in depth interviews. Transcriptions were analysed following a phenomenological approach. \u0000Results: Six themes were found: the tiresome process of adjustment, inventing ways to do your work, feeling hurt about how others see your illness avoiding applying for jobs, embracing retirement, and mourning over lost work. Instead of relating these findings to mainstream theories that presuppose rather than investigate subjectivity (coping, selfmanagement, skills), we generalize these findings by relating them to the psychodynamic model of work of Christophe Dejours. This model is a clinical theory that offers an account of the relations between subjectivity, work, and action. \u0000Conclusion: Current models of management and vocational rehabilitation maintain individual/group and body/mind dichotomies that don’t exist in the lived experience of work and rehabilitation of people with MS. It is recommended that professionals offering supervision or vocational services to employees with early stage MS or other chronic conditions relativize these models while offering professional help, and that they revitalize the art of listening as an act of inclusion and acknowledgement.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84170830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Short Commentary for “Features of anti-aquaporin 4 Antibody-Seronegative Thai Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A Comparison with Seropositive Cases” 《抗水通道蛋白4抗体血清阴性的泰国视神经脊髓炎患者的特点:与血清阳性病例的比较》

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000157

N. Prayoonwiwat, S. Siritho

{"title":"Short Commentary for “Features of anti-aquaporin 4 Antibody-Seronegative Thai Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A Comparison with Seropositive Cases”","authors":"N. Prayoonwiwat, S. Siritho","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright: © 2015 Prayoonwiwat N, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory CNS syndrome distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) in their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings [1]. According to the recent international consensus on diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) 2015, the new criteria combine “definite NMO” and “NMOSD” into one term “NMOSD”. NMOSD was stratified further by serologic testing into NMOSD with or without presence of AQP4-antibody together with the 6 core clinical symptoms including clinical syndromes or MRI findings associated with optic nerve, spinal cord, area postrema, other brainstem, diencephalic, or cerebral manifestations. More stringent clinical criteria with MRI findings compatible with those seen in NMOSD are required for a diagnosis of seronegative NMOSD [2].","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82840082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Switzerland and the United States:What can be Learned from our Differences? 瑞士和美国多发性硬化症的治疗:从我们的差异中可以学到什么?

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-10-22 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000E107

Elisabeth B. Lucassen

引用次数: 1

Introduction of Planaria as a New Model for Multiple Sclerosis Research:Evidence from Behavioural Differences in Cuprizone Treated PlanariaExposed to Patterned Magnetic Fields 引入涡虫作为多发性硬化症研究的新模型:来自暴露于图案磁场的铜处理涡虫行为差异的证据

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-10-19 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000156

Mekers Wft, M. Nj, Persinger Ma

{"title":"Introduction of Planaria as a New Model for Multiple Sclerosis Research:Evidence from Behavioural Differences in Cuprizone Treated PlanariaExposed to Patterned Magnetic Fields","authors":"Mekers Wft, M. Nj, Persinger Ma","doi":"10.4172/2376-0389.1000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0389.1000156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000There has been a substantial history of correlative associations between subtle changes in geomagnetic intensity and the prevalence of multiple sclerosis. Several experiments have shown that rats in which experimental allergic encephalomyelitis had been induced respond to naturally-patterned weak magnetic fields. Exposures of only 6 min once per hour during the scotophase to a ~ 50 nT, 7 Hz magnetic field whose amplitude modulations simulated a sudden geomagnetic storm commencement markedly reduced both the behavioural symptoms and mononuclear cell infiltrations. In the present study planarian were exposed for only 6 min per day for three days to this same field pattern and intensities but with or without the presence of the demyelinating agent cuprizone. Behavioural analysis indicated a strong interaction after one day of exposure between cuprizone and field conditions for the numbers of “head whips” and an indicator of “unusual behaviours.” The 6 min exposures to the patterned magnetic field on the second and third days eliminated the effects of cuprizone upon the numbers of head whips and related anomalous behaviours. General activity was not affected. The specificity of the simultaneous exposure to the magnetic field and cuprizone for normalizing the planaria is consistent with the results of rodent studies involving one model of multiple sclerosis and suggests that this paradigm might be useful for examining the potential mechanisms for the correlation between prevalence of MS and geomagnetic variables.","PeriodicalId":16369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multiple sclerosis","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89729923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Imperfect but Imperative 多发性硬化症的动物模型:不完善但势在必行

Journal of multiple sclerosis Pub Date : 2015-10-19 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000e106

R. Aharoni

引用次数: 1