Journal of Molecular Evolution最新文献

Caspase Domain Duplication During the Evolution of Caspase-16. Caspase-16进化过程中的Caspase结构域复制。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10252-w

Leopold Eckhart, Attila Placido Sachslehner, Julia Steinbinder, Heinz Fischer

{"title":"Caspase Domain Duplication During the Evolution of Caspase-16.","authors":"Leopold Eckhart, Attila Placido Sachslehner, Julia Steinbinder, Heinz Fischer","doi":"10.1007/s00239-025-10252-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-025-10252-w","url":null,"abstract":"Caspases are cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases which have critical functions in programmed cell death and inflammation. Their catalytic activity depends on a catalytic dyad of cysteine and histidine within a characteristic protein fold, the so-called caspase domain. Here, we investigated the evolution of caspase-16 (CASP16), an enigmatic member of the caspase family, for which only a partial human gene had been reported previously. The presence of CASP16 orthologs in placental mammals, marsupials and monotremes suggests that caspase-16 originated prior to the divergence of the main phylogenetic clades of mammals. Caspase-16 proteins of various species contain a carboxy-terminal caspase domain and an amino-terminal prodomain predicted to fold into a caspase domain-like structure, which is a unique feature among caspases known so far. Comparative sequence analysis indicates that the prodomain of caspase-16 has evolved by the duplication of exons encoding the caspase domain, whereby the catalytic site was lost in the amino-terminal domain and conserved in the carboxy-terminal domain of caspase-16. The murine and human orthologs of CASP16 contain frameshift mutations and therefore represent pseudogenes (CASP16P). CASP16 of the chimpanzee displays more than 98% nucleotide sequence identity with the human CASP16P gene but, like CASP16 genes of other primates, has an intact protein coding sequence. We conclude that caspase-16 structurally differs from other mammalian caspases, and the pseudogenization of CASP16 distinguishes humans from their phylogenetically closest relatives.","PeriodicalId":16366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic AT Bias Coupled with Amino Acid Metabolism Modulates Codon Usage. 基因组AT偏差与氨基酸代谢耦合调节密码子使用。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10251-x

Lucio Aliperti Car, Ignacio E Sánchez

{"title":"Genomic AT Bias Coupled with Amino Acid Metabolism Modulates Codon Usage.","authors":"Lucio Aliperti Car, Ignacio E Sánchez","doi":"10.1007/s00239-025-10251-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-025-10251-x","url":null,"abstract":"Encoding of protein-coding sequences in a genome through evolution leads to characteristic proportions of codons and amino acids. Here, we present a simplified maximum entropy model that groups together codons with the same GC (guanine + cytosine) content and coding for the same amino acid and accounts for the stoichiometry of genetic elements in over 50000 genomes with seven interpretable parameters. Our model includes both the cost of a codon given a genomic GC content and the metabolic cost of the corresponding amino acid. Both costs are essential for accurate prediction of codon and amino acid abundances. The best implementation of the model includes a universal equilibrium value for the genomic GC content below 50%, as suggested by the literature. It also splits the twenty amino acids in two groups forming strong (bases C and G) or weak (bases A and U) Watson Crick base pairs with the anticodon, differing in the strength of GC-dependent selection. The entropy-cost trade-off suggests that each organism has sorted out the genome encoding problem given a value for its genomic GC content. The empirical boundaries to this trade-off suggest minimal values for the amino acid and codon entropies, which may limit the GC content of natural genomes.","PeriodicalId":16366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary and Structural Assessment of the Human Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein (SFRP) Family. 人类分泌卷曲相关蛋白（SFRP）家族的进化和结构评估。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10249-5

Ladan Mafakher, Elham Rismani, Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi

{"title":"Evolutionary and Structural Assessment of the Human Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein (SFRP) Family.","authors":"Ladan Mafakher, Elham Rismani, Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi","doi":"10.1007/s00239-025-10249-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-025-10249-5","url":null,"abstract":"It has been observed that five members of Secreted Frizzled-Related proteins act as antagonists for the Wnt signaling pathway in humans. These glycoproteins have two functional domains: the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and the netrin-related domain (NTR), with a completely conserved disulfide bond in the CRD domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this protein family can be divided into two subgroups, SFRP1/SFRP2/SFRP5 versus SFRP3/SFRP4. The SFRP3/SFRP4 group was found to be more closely related to the sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis, which is believed to represent the ancient origin of SFRPs. The model evaluation demonstrated high-quality conformational homology modeling in the predicted Human SFRP models compared to the Sizzled crystal structure of Xenopus laevis. The molecular dynamic simulation illustrated that SFRP1 and SFRP2 exhibit the most stable structures during 100 ns of simulation. Multiple sequence alignment and conservation analysis of Human SFRPs showed that the CRD domain of SFRPs is more conserved than the NTR domain. The docking result indicated that SFRP3 has the highest binding affinity to Wnt3, while SFRP1 and SFRP5 have the lowest. Despite the lower affinity of SFRP1/SFRP5 for Wnt3, a higher positive charge in their NTR domains leads to an increase in their local concentration near the secreting cells and an enhancement in the antagonistic activity. In contrast, SFRP3/SFRP4 can act as an antagonist in distant cells due to less positive regions in their NTR domain and weakly binding to the heparin of the intercellular matrix.","PeriodicalId":16366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Abundance of Viroid-Like RNA Obelisk-S.s in Streptococcus sanguinis SK36 May Suffice for Evolutionary Persistence. 类病毒RNA丰度的研究。血链球菌SK36可能足以维持进化持久性。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10250-y

Rohan Maddamsetti, Lingchong You

{"title":"The Abundance of Viroid-Like RNA Obelisk-S.s in Streptococcus sanguinis SK36 May Suffice for Evolutionary Persistence.","authors":"Rohan Maddamsetti, Lingchong You","doi":"10.1007/s00239-025-10250-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-025-10250-y","url":null,"abstract":"A new class of viroid-like RNAs, called Obelisks, was recently reported by Zheludev et al. (Cell 187:6521-6536.e6518, 2024). They found thousands of Obelisk sequences globally and identified a specific 1137 nt Obelisk, called Obelisk-S.s, in monoculture transcriptomes of Streptococcus sanguinis SK36, a commensal bacterium of the human oral microbiome. Here, we confirm that Obelisk-S.s is highly abundant in SK36, despite its absence from the SK36 genome (i.e., as DNA). In 11 out of 17 monoculture SK36 RNA-seq datasets examined, Obelisk-S.s is more abundant than any mRNA. Given its relative abundance, we hypothesized that multiple Obelisk-S.s variants could coexist within SK36. We found three Obelisk-S.s mutations at 5-10% allele frequency in some samples: a R162R synonymous mutation in one set of replicate transcriptomes, and an I48I synonymous mutation and an intergenic mutation in another set of replicate transcriptomes. A simple mathematical model shows how high Obelisk abundance can transiently stabilize intracellular Obelisk populations, and how extreme Obelisk abundances may stabilize intracellular Obelisk populations indefinitely. Evolution experiments with SK36 could test this theory and could shed light on how Obelisks function and evolve within their microbial hosts.","PeriodicalId":16366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Substitution-Mutation Rate Ratio (c/µ) As Molecular Adaptation Test Beyond Ka/Ks: A SARS-COV-2 Case Study. 取代-突变率比（c/µ）作为超越Ka/Ks的分子适应测试：SARS-COV-2案例研究

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10248-6

Chun Wu, Nicholas J Paradis, Khushi Jain

{"title":"Substitution-Mutation Rate Ratio (c/µ) As Molecular Adaptation Test Beyond Ka/Ks: A SARS-COV-2 Case Study.","authors":"Chun Wu, Nicholas J Paradis, Khushi Jain","doi":"10.1007/s00239-025-10248-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-025-10248-6","url":null,"abstract":"The Ka/Ks ratio test, which assesses nonsynonymous versus synonymous substitution rates in Translated Region (TR) of a genome, is widely used to quantify fitness changes due to mutations but its critical limits are to be addressed. Ka/Ks can categorize the total fitness change as neutral (Ka/Ks = 1), beneficial (Ka/Ks > 1), or deleterious (Ka/Ks < 1), only if synonymous mutations are neutral. Otherwise, Ka/Ks only provides the fitness change due to protein sequence change. This neutrality assumption also renders this test inapplicable to sites in non-protein-coding UnTranslated Region (UTR). Our previous work introduced a substitution-mutation rate ratio (c/µ) per nucleotide site test (c: substitution rate in UTR/TR or a mean value of Ka and Ks in TR; and µ: mutation rate) as a generalized alternative to detect selection pressure, offering a broader application without forementioned presumptions. This paper derives a general equation linking c/µ with weighted Ks/µ and Ka/µ (c/µ = Ps*(Ks/μ) + Pa*(Ka/μ), Ps and Pa: proportions of synonymous and nonsynonymous sites under a mutation model and a codon table), demonstrating that Ka/Ks infers the same fitness change as c/µ does only if synonymous mutations are neutral (i.e. Ks/µ = 1). Otherwise, Ka/Ks might provide a different assignment from the c/µ test. Indeed, our comparative analysis of the c/µ and Ka/Ks tests across 25 proteins of SARS-COV-2 using three independent genomic sequence datasets shows that Ka/Ks inaccurately reports the type of fitness change for 7 proteins. Our findings advocate for the c/µ test to complement traditional Ka/Ks test to detect the selection pressure at a nucleotide site in a genome.","PeriodicalId":16366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ancient Host-Virus Gene Transfer Hints at a Diverse Pre-LECA Virosphere. 古代宿主-病毒基因转移暗示了多样化的前leca病毒圈。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10246-8

Sangita Karki, Zachary K Barth, Frank O Aylward

{"title":"Ancient Host-Virus Gene Transfer Hints at a Diverse Pre-LECA Virosphere.","authors":"Sangita Karki, Zachary K Barth, Frank O Aylward","doi":"10.1007/s00239-025-10246-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-025-10246-8","url":null,"abstract":"The details surrounding the early evolution of eukaryotes and their viruses are largely unknown. Several key enzymes involved in DNA synthesis and transcription are shared between eukaryotes and large DNA viruses in the phylum Nucleocytoviricota, but the evolutionary relationships between these genes remain unclear. In particular, previous studies of eukaryotic DNA and RNA polymerases often show deep-branching clades of eukaryotes and viruses indicative of ancient gene exchange. Here, we performed updated phylogenetic analysis of eukaryotic and viral family B DNA polymerases, multimeric RNA polymerases, and mRNA-capping enzymes to explore their evolutionary relationships. Our results show that viral enzymes form clades that are typically adjacent to eukaryotes, suggesting that they originate prior to the emergence of the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA). The machinery for viral DNA replication, transcription, and mRNA capping are all key processes needed for the maintenance of virus factories, which are complex structures formed by many nucleocytoviruses during infection, indicating that viruses capable of making these structures are ancient. These findings hint at a diverse and complex pre-LECA virosphere and indicate that large DNA viruses may encode proteins that are relics of extinct proto-eukaryotic lineages.","PeriodicalId":16366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ancestor and Evolution of the Giant Muscle Protein Connectin/Titin. 巨肌蛋白连接蛋白/连接蛋白的起源和进化。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10247-7

Akira Hanashima, Yuu Usui, Ken Hashimoto, Satoshi Mohri

{"title":"The Ancestor and Evolution of the Giant Muscle Protein Connectin/Titin.","authors":"Akira Hanashima, Yuu Usui, Ken Hashimoto, Satoshi Mohri","doi":"10.1007/s00239-025-10247-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-025-10247-7","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of connectin, also called titin, a muscular spring and the largest protein in living organisms, is critical in metazoan evolution as it enables striated muscle-based locomotion. However, its evolutionary history remains unclear. Here, we investigated the evolutionary process using genomic analysis and deduced the ancestor of connectin. The region between the HOX and WNT clusters in the human genome, where the connectin gene (CON (TTN)) is located, was quadrupled by two rounds of whole-genome duplication (WGD) in the ancestor of jawed vertebrates. However, connectin ohnologs were deleted before the advent of jawed vertebrates, resulting in a single connectin gene. Additionally, one of the connectin ohnologs created by the third round of teleost WGD disappeared, while the other was duplicated on the same chromosome. We also discovered that the connectin and connectin family genes consistently underwent local duplication on the same chromosome, though the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Using synteny analysis, we identified KALRN and its ohnolog TRIO as putative ancestral paralogs of the connectin gene. TRIO/KALRN has a connected structure of SESTD1-CCDC141-CON (TTN), and its synteny is conserved in the Drosophila genome. Furthermore, we confirmed that this connected structure, termed 'connectitin,' (connected-connectin/titin) is conserved in cnidarians and placozoans. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that it diverged from TRIO/KALRN prior to the emergence of these animals, suggesting that metazoan muscle may have a single origin. These findings enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes of striated muscles in the animal kingdom.","PeriodicalId":16366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

De Novo Creation of Two Novel Spliceosomal Introns of RECG1 by Intronization of Formerly Exonic Sequences in Orchidaceae. 通过对兰科植物原外显子序列的内含子重组，重新生成两个新的RECG1剪接体内含子。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10242-y

Yuan-Yuan Xie, Bin Wen, Ming-Zhu Bai, Yan-Yan Guo

{"title":"De Novo Creation of Two Novel Spliceosomal Introns of RECG1 by Intronization of Formerly Exonic Sequences in Orchidaceae.","authors":"Yuan-Yuan Xie, Bin Wen, Ming-Zhu Bai, Yan-Yan Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00239-025-10242-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00239-025-10242-y","url":null,"abstract":"Spliceosomal introns are a key characteristic of eukaryotic genes. However, the origins and mechanisms of new spliceosomal introns remain elusive, and definitive case studies documenting intron creation are still limited. This study examined the RECG1 genes of 49 land plants, including 21 orchids and 28 non-orchid species. Sequence comparison revealed that the fourth intron of Gastrodia and Platanthera (Orchidaceae) is a newly gained spliceosomal intron, originating from the intronization of former exonic sequences. This intronization event was accompanied by the creation of novel recognizable GT/AG splice sites. In contrast, other orchid species lack the corresponding splice sites in the counterpart regions. Moreover, the secondary and tertiary protein structures implied that the intronization events do not affect the protein function. Given the diverse trophic modes of the two genera, we infer that relaxed selection may have contributed to the fluidity of gene structures. This study provides a typical example of de novo lineage-specific intron creation via intronization in orchids supported by multiple lines of evidence, and the two intronization events occurred independently in the same gene. This research enhances our understanding of gene evolution in orchids and provides valuable insights that may assist the annotation of structurally complex genes.","PeriodicalId":16366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"267-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Ultimate Question for Functional A-to-I mRNA Editing: Why Not a Genomic G? 功能性a -to- i mRNA编辑的终极问题：为什么不是基因组G？

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10238-8

Qiuhua Xie, Yuange Duan

引用次数: 0

Comparative Analysis of Drosophila Bam and Bgcn Sequences and Predicted Protein Structural Evolution. 果蝇Bam和Bgcn序列的比较分析及预测蛋白质结构进化。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-025-10245-9

Luke R Arnce, Jaclyn E Bubnell, Charles F Aquadro

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Drosophila Bam and Bgcn Sequences and Predicted Protein Structural Evolution.","authors":"Luke R Arnce, Jaclyn E Bubnell, Charles F Aquadro","doi":"10.1007/s00239-025-10245-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00239-025-10245-9","url":null,"abstract":"The protein encoded by the Drosophila melanogaster gene bag of marbles (bam) plays an essential role in early gametogenesis by complexing with the gene product of benign gonial cell neoplasm (bgcn) to promote germline stem cell daughter differentiation in males and females. Here, we compared the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold Multimer predicted structures of Bam protein and the Bam:Bgcn protein complex between D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. yakuba, where bam is necessary in gametogenesis to that in D. teissieri, where it is not. Despite significant sequence divergence, we find very little evidence of significant structural differences in high confidence regions of the structures across the four species. This suggests that Bam structure is unlikely to be a direct cause of its functional differences between species and that Bam may simply not be integrated in an essential manner for GSC differentiation in D. teissieri. Patterns of positive selection and significant amino acid diversification across species is consistent with the Selection, Pleiotropy, and Compensation (SPC) model, where detected selection at bam is consistent with adaptive change in one major trait followed by positively selected compensatory changes for pleiotropic effects (in this case perhaps preserving structure). In the case of bam, we suggest that the major trait could be genetic interaction with the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia pipientis. Following up on detected signals of positive selection and comparative structural analysis could provide insight into the distribution of a primary adaptive change versus compensatory changes following a primary change.","PeriodicalId":16366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"278-291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0