{"title":"Stone: The Stone Abandoned by the Builder Becomes the Cornerstone - The Self-appearance of the Stone Reborn as a Diamond -","authors":"Sunhee Gug","doi":"10.12964/jsst.23004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.23004","url":null,"abstract":"When intact, rocks can represent harmony and unity with oneself, but if shattered, they can symbolize death, extinction, and psychological weakness. Yet, the pain that a rock endures to be transformed holds numerous possibilities for change. Through perseverance over time, being eroded by wind and water, and tempered by high pressure and heat, the transformed rock becomes a pearl or diamond that embodies a sublime and exquisite beauty. This transformation can represent the ultimate integration of consciousness and unconsciousness. The existence of a rock that just rolls around on the street can symbolize trauma in our lives. Similarly, the stones shown in a client's box can represent more profound meanings, such as overcoming inferiority and finding confidence, or the beauty and struggles of motherhood. These symbols can serve as a reminder that the process of overcoming inner wounds can be painful and difficult. However, by facing our traumas and persevering through the journey, we can discover our true selves, transforming our pain into a source of growth and strength.","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121804926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikyung Jang, A. Schore, Se-hwa Lee, Y. Lee, So-myung Kim, Mee-ra Kowen
{"title":"fNIRS Hyperscanning of Right-brain Synchronization between Therapist-client in Sandplay Therapy","authors":"Mikyung Jang, A. Schore, Se-hwa Lee, Y. Lee, So-myung Kim, Mee-ra Kowen","doi":"10.12964/jsst.23002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.23002","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated inter-right brain synchrony between therapist and client in Sandplay therapy, using hyperscanning technique based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). fNIRS is a non-intrusive method that measures changes in oxyhemoglobin the cerebral blood. A total of seven therapist-client pairs-i.e., 14 participants-wore fNIRS devices on their heads and engaged in two sessions of Sandplay therapy, with each session lasting for 30 minutes. The study observed synchronization in the right and left prefrontal cortices of both therapists and clients in all seven pairs, during every session. Interestingly enough, synchronization occurred not only while the pairs engaged in verbal communication about the completed sandpicture but also during the non-verbal process of clients' creating sandpictures. The outcome of the study hence suggests neurobiological fundamentals for the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client, which is also called the therapeutic resonance, relational mutual regression, therapeutic alliance, and mother-child unity.","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130088297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Observing the Therapeutic Relationship in Sandplay Therapy","authors":"M. Stein","doi":"10.12964/jsst.23001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.23001","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright c2023, Korean Society for Sandplay Therapy. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 상징과모래놀이치료, 제14권 제1호 Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy 2023, 4, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1-8. doi https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.23001","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"22 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129119568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Sandplay Therapy on the Degree of Overdependence, Impulsiveness, and Interpersonal Problems of Smartphone Overdependent College Students","authors":"Yun-Seo Jo, Sung-Duk Park","doi":"10.12964/jsst.23003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.23003","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of Sandplay therapy on smartphone overdependence, impulsiveness, and interpersonal problems in college students. A survey was conducted on 359 four-year college students, and 10 smartphone overdependent students were selected for both the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of Sandplay therapy. Results showed that Sandplay therapy reduced the degree of overdependence, impulsiveness, and interpersonal problems in smartphone overdependent college students. Qualitative analysis identified common themes such as “being left alone,” “a side of myself I want to hide,” and “struggling to escape.” This study highlights the potential of Sandplay therapy as a treatment program for smartphone overdependence in college students. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128955849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Life Experiences of Wives Suffering from Marital Conflicts: A Narrative Inquiry using Sandtray Images","authors":"S. Kwak, M. Seo","doi":"10.12964/jsst.22008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.22008","url":null,"abstract":"This study used narrative inquiry to understand the experiences of three wives who were suffering from marital conflicts. We collected data in the form of stories of life experiences of the participants and the images which they expressed in their sandtrays. Data collection involved interviews with each of the three participants over four 60-minute sessions. Narrative analysis of the data revealed the following meanings of marital conflict: ‘scabs picked over and over’ as the appearance of marital conflict; ‘glacial-interglacial cycles’ as the cycle of marital conflict; ‘seesaw not showing where it is tilted’ as the degree of marital conflict; and ‘walking up the spiral stairs slowly but constantly, at least until today’ as the trajectory of marital conflict. Based on the results of this study, it is proposed to develop an efficient counseling intervention strategy for wives suffering from marital conflict.","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116760197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Michael Fordham’s Theories of Human Development: An Analytical Psychology Perspective","authors":"C. Driver","doi":"10.12964/jsst.22006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.22006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the work of Dr. Michael Fordham, Child Psychiatrist and Jungian Analyst, and his theories of human development. Starting with a brief overview of Jung’s concept of the self the paper considers how Fordham recognised that the processes of individuation occur from birth and describes how he introduced the idea of a primary self which fuels development through processes of deintegration and reintegration. This paper considers these processes in detail and how they can lead, in optimal circumstances, to ego development, the development of mind in relation to self and individuation. A brief example is given of the dynamics of deintegration and reintegration between an infant and their mother/caregiver. Links between Fordham’s ideas and the development of feeling toned complexes are explored and a brief overview is given of how neglect, abuse and trauma can impede the processes of deintegration and reintegration and lead to splitting and defences of the self. A clinical example is provided to illustrate the impact of neglect on infant development and how therapy can enable further processes of deintegration, reintegration and individuation. Overall this paper considers Fordham’s concept of the primary self and the processes of deintegration and reintegration and examines how these dynamics enable the gradual expression and integration of aspects of the self, the development of mind in relation to self and others, and individuation.","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122975301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Sand Play Therapy in Adults","authors":"Haeju Koh, Jin-Seo Ha","doi":"10.12964/jsst.22009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.22009","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to investigate the total effect size of the domestic adult sandplay therapy, the effect size according to treatment variables such as the total number of sessions, the number of sessions per session, and the dependent variables such as psychological variable group, social variable group, and physiological variable group. To this end, 19 related academic journals and master's and doctorate thesis were selected from 2000 to 2020, and a total of 166 effect sizes were calculated. As a result of the study, the overall average effect size was.749, which was the medium effect size and was statistically significant. As a result of the analysis of the effects according to the treatment variables of the effect size per the total number of sessions was found to be most effective in the 12-session program, and the effect size in line with the number of sessions per week, was described as a medium effect size for both one session and two sessions, but the difference in the effect size was not statistically significant. In terms of the effect size for hours per session, 60 minutes was the most effective. As a result of analyzing the effect of the dependent variables, the effect size of the psychological variables was found to be the most effective. This study proved its effectiveness by conducting a meta-analysis study on sandplay therapy for adults in Korea, and it is meaningful that treatment variables and the dependent variables should be considered when constructing sandplay for adults It is also meaningful in that it provided practical data on the need and development of sandplay therapy to improve mental health and sociality, and physiological changes of adults at psychological counseling and treatment sites.","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130317551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dog: A Companion on the Journey to Independence Beyond Attachment Trauma","authors":"Misung Yoo","doi":"10.12964/jsst.22007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.22007","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘Animal symbol’ symbolizes the primitive and instinctive nature of human beings, and has been psychologically important since ancient times. Among many animals, dogs, in particular, were originally wolves, but were the first to be domesticated by humans. It is an animal that people attach to and regard as a family member because it is absolutely obedient to and dependent on humans when they perceive humans as the leader. However, in most countries, the dog is an animal that has been recognized not only as a loyal, home-keeper, but also as a guide between the dead and the underworld and as a human companion. The reason is that although dogs have been domesticated and become new animals, they still have the instinctive characteristics of wolves. Infants in the early stages of their lives also have a time when they rely entirely on their mothers, similar to the characteristics of domesticated dogs. However, when a healthy attachment is formed, the baby is psychologically separated from the mother and self-development begins toward independence. However, if psychological independence is not achieved for some reason, similar to a domesticated dog, they become completely dependent on their mother and are swallowed up by their maternal mother, and they may become stuck in childhood dependence, causing difficulties in interpersonal relationships. In this case, our reason, guided by the instinctive energy of our inner dog, begins a healing journey towards independence. In this paper, among the many symbols of dogs, the dog as a symbol of loyalty, the dog as a healing animal, the dog as a guide to the unconscious, and the dog as a symbol of instinct and intuition were examined. In addition, the symbolic meaning of the dog discussed above was confirmed through the case where a high school client who was psychologically dependent on his mother while having sandplay therapy started a healing journey by using a dog symbolically to achieve attachment and independence.","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"66 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132782796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Art-based Research on Group Sandplay Therapy for Myanmar Refugee Children Staying in Malaysia","authors":"Y. Lee, Se-hwa Lee, Mikyung Jang, Yelin Choi","doi":"10.12964/jsst.22005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.22005","url":null,"abstract":"This study is based on the group sandplay therapy that we provided to Burmese Chin children living in Malaysia as ethnic and religious refugees and our analysis of the themes in the children’s sandboxes using an art-based research method. All the participants were Burmese Chin refugee children aged 10 to 13 years old, attending an international refugee school in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. Participation was voluntary, with written consent from legal guardians. The sample chosen for the study comprised 12 children, with six males in one group and six females in the other group. Altogether, the children took part in five sandplay sessions, which lasted 120 minutes each. During these sessions, all the participants expressed individual the sandtray and then gathered to share and talk about the scenes they had made in the sand. After each session, it construed the children’s sand scenes, imaginative stories and symbolic image from an analytical psychology perspective and categorized the contents by common themes. As a result, six themes emerged: the loss of a place of life, abandoned children, bystanders, safety bases, and liberation/resettlement. Through the sandplay therapy, the refugee children could express their trauma in a safe, supportive environment. Sandplay provided these children with an opportunity to identify their trauma, independently overcome that trauma, and grow.","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123157604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jungian Arts-Based Research: What it is, Why do it, and How","authors":"S. Rowland","doi":"10.12964/jsst.22001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.22001","url":null,"abstract":"Jungian arts-based research (JABR) is opening the therapy room to the whole world. Even more, it is a way of making knowledge using creativity, the imagination, and the unknown psyche or the unconscious, with the wisdom of centuries materialized in art traditions. For here the sandplay is converted into art practice, whether that practice be writing novels or poetry, painting, sculpture, filmmaking, photography, internet games, garden design, music-making or more. Instead of keeping the space sealed off for therapist and patient to be alone, the sandplay of JABR is connected to society, nature, and the cosmos by materializing the psyche in dialogue with art and history. Synchronicities arise and archetypes are summoned into being through art-making that is deliberately poised to invite in the deep psyche. More depth can be generated through Jungian practices such as active imagination and amplification. Indeed, I will figure JABR as a three-stage process consisting of one, preparation with psychic and art matter, two, process inviting in spontaneity and the unknown, and three, reflection using the completed artwork. That artwork works, assumes a place in society independent of the artist. JABR art takes on the valence of Jung’s autonomous psychic image, only here with the material being to exist for centuries, to speak to different cultures, to generate multiple meanings and fixing none. Here JABR unites therapy with knowing and being. It is formational, in gathering what matters in the artist and the work, informational in finding out what is hidden to the conscious psyche, and transformational in offering to the scholar-therapist-artist plus the audience, new ways of being.","PeriodicalId":163516,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123145289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}