Journal of Geochemical Exploration最新文献

{"title":"Exploring groundwater quality and subsurface characteristics using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) in the Basantar watershed of J&K India","authors":"Ajay Kumar Taloor ,&nbsp;Shailesh Bhatnagar ,&nbsp;Savita ,&nbsp;Ravi Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, 36 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) sites test have conducted in the Basantar watershed with maximum current electrode separation of 300 m to detect groundwater prospects. The integration of VES results and lithology data reveals valuable information about groundwater potential zones in various sites. In order to substantiate the results, VES were conducted in finer grid pattern. The data acquisition was conducted using the Terrameter SAS 300C. In certain locations, non-collinear spacing and surface moisture affected the reliability of the observed apparent resistivity values, resulting in irregular VES curves. After applying smoothing techniques, the interpretation of the VES curves became feasible. The results indicated a strong correlation between the resistivity data and lithological information, identifying VES points 6, 9, 10, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, and 33 as the most suitable sites for groundwater extraction. Further, fifty groundwater samples have been analyzed for hydrochemical analysis shows that hydrochemistry is dominated by the alkaline earth and weak acids. The Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) shows that 97 % of groundwater samples found in the insignificant pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unbiased and augmentation-free self-supervised graph contrastive learning for detecting mineralization-related geochemical anomalies","authors":"Zhaorui Yang,&nbsp;Yongliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graph contrastive learning (GCL) provides a self-supervised learning technique, which utilizes the node (sample) features, neighborhood information of node pairs and sparse label information to build a self-supervised model for identifying mineralization-related geochemical anomalies. However, using the GCL algorithm to construct a self-supervised model needs to augment graph-structured data by changing the features or views between nodes, which can result in the loss of some key neighborhood information in the original graph-structured data. Unbiased and augmentation-free self-supervised graph contrastive learning (USAF-GCL) is a novel GCL learning technique that does not need to augment graph-structured data when building a self-supervised model. Thus, it is more reliable than the GCL algorithm in detecting high-dimensional geochemical anomalies through self-supervised node representation of graph-structured data. To show the superiority of the USAF-GCL technique in the detection of mineralization-related geochemical anomalies, a USAF-GCL model and a GCL model were built on the geochemical data set of the 1:200,000 stream sediment survey covered the Baishan area, Jilin Province, China. A comparison between the USAF-GCL model and the GCL model shows that the former is obviously superior to the latter in the detection of mineralization-related geochemical anomalies. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the USAF-GCL model overwhelmingly dominates the ROC curve of the GCL model, the area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of the USAF-GCL and GCL models are 0.9545 and 0.8601, respectively. The precision recall (PR) curve of the USAF-GCL model dominates that of the GCL model. The area under the PR curves (AUPRCs) of the USAF-GCL and GCL models are 0.9312 and 0.026, respectively. F1 scores of the USAF-GCL and GCL models are 0.7360 and 0.0672, respectively. These statistical results indicate that the USAF-GCL model is much better than the GCL model in identifying mineralized anomaly samples from the geochemical exploration data set. The anomaly areas detected by the USAF-GCL model occupy only 17.1 % of the entire exploration area, identifying 100 % of the known polymetallic deposits; while those identified by the GCL model occupy 25 % of the entire area, identifying only 93 % of the known polymetallic deposits. Geologically, the mineralization-related anomalies identified by the USAF-GCL model are strongly consistent with the polymetallic metallogenic characteristics in the exploration area. Therefore, the USAF-GCL technique is a reliable and powerful tool for the detection of mineralization-related geochemical anomalies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking water quality in the Malaysian indigenous community of Pos Kemar (Perak): Pollution, risks, and household practices","authors":"Sarva Mangala Praveena ,&nbsp;Nurul Shafiqah Sukri ,&nbsp;Aini Saadah Mohd Soad ,&nbsp;Samuel Abiodun Kehinde","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to clean water continues to be a major obstacle for indigenous communities in remote areas. The objective of this study is to evaluate the extent of pollution in the drinking water of the indigenous tribe community of Pos Kemar (Malaysia), specifically examining the issue of microbiological contamination and the resulting health hazards. Drinking water samples were collected from 108 households and analysed for physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and microbial contamination, particularly <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>. In addition, a questionnaire study was carried out to investigate behaviour related to water handling, hygiene, and reported health complaints. The results indicated that although the majority of physicochemical and heavy metal levels were within the Malaysian Drinking Water Quality Standards, the presence of microbiological contamination, namely <em>E. coli</em>, greatly beyond the safely acceptable thresholds in all samples. According to a simplified Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment, all samples exceeded the World Health Organization health-based target for pathogenic <em>E. coli</em>, indicating a significant health risk from <em>E. coli</em> infection. The study further revealed that effective water treatment, such as boiling, substantially decreased levels of pollution. Nevertheless, deficiencies in water management protocols and sanitation were identified, which greatly contributed to the high occurrence of waterborne illnesses. Specifically, 31 % of the population reported experiencing health symptoms related to inadequate water quality, such as diarrhea and skin infections. The results emphasize the immediate requirement for enhanced water treatment measures and public health approaches to reduce the hazards of waterborne illnesses in indigenous populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching behavior and mechanism of Cu and Cd in acid paddy soil under acid mine drainage","authors":"Yan Pan ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Qimo Liu ,&nbsp;Mengyu Fu ,&nbsp;Guining Lu ,&nbsp;Zhi Dang ,&nbsp;Chengfang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal pollution seriously affects soil quality, especially in paddy soils that have been polluted for a long time by acid mine drainage (AMD). However, the underlying mechanisms of the complicated AMD flooding processes in paddy soil remain poorly understood. In this study, the leaching behaviors and speciation distribution mechanisms of Cu and Cd were investigated by batch and in-situ leaching experiments under simulated AMD irrigation conditions. The results suggested that continuous AMD flooding for 180 days caused a decrease in pH and Eh until these values stabilized, at day 84 and day 70, respectively. Between pH 4.5 and 6.5, more Cu than Cd was adsorbed which was consistent with the findings of the surface complexation model (SCM). The maximum adsorption capacities of the soil was 264.84 mg/kg towards Cu and 125.96 mg/kg towards Cd. Tessier's five-step extraction showed that most adsorbed Cd was present in exchangeable fraction (F1) and carbonate-bound fraction (F2) at different depths and time points, while Cu was mainly found in Fe/Mn-bound fraction (F3) and organic-bound fraction (F4). Correlation analysis showed that migration of Cu and Cd was most susceptible to the influence of pH, Eh, and Fe. In all assessed layers of the column, Cu was retained to a greater extent than Cd. The leaching of AMD significantly increased the mobility of soil Cd. The presented data improves our understanding of the impact of long-term exposure and leaching on the mobility of heavy metals in contaminated paddy soils and assist in developing appropriate management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Pulang polymetallic mineralization system in Yunnan Province, China: Insights from in situ trace element and S isotope analyses of pyrite","authors":"Xiao-Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Zi-Chao Tang ,&nbsp;Ming-Guo Deng ,&nbsp;Wen-Chang Li ,&nbsp;Jing-Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Yan Su ,&nbsp;Zhi-Peng Li ,&nbsp;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Pulang deposit in the “Sanjiang” area of Yunan Province hosts ~4.8 × 10⁶ tons of Cu and abundant associated metals such as Mo, Au, Ag, Pb and Zn, constituting a polymetallic porphyry system. Nevertheless, the multistage and multispace mineralization processes of these metals and the associated physicochemical evolution controlling their precipitation are still unclear. In this study, pyrite was selected from different stages and ore blocks to conduct in situ trace element, mapping (LA–ICP–MS) and S isotope analyses, to address the above issues.</div><div>The results indicate systematic variations in trace element distributions within the pyrite at Pulang, which are correlated with mineralization types (Mo, Cu, Pb<img>Zn), alteration types (potassic, phyllic, prophylitic), and spatial locations (South, North, East Pulang). These patterns reflect integrated fluctuations in fluid temperature, oxygen fugacity (fO₂), pH, and salinity during fluid evolution processes including boiling, mixing, overprinting, and fluid–rock interactions. Mapping images reveal at least three hydrothermal events in the Cu mineralization stage: event 1 (Co–Ni–Se enrichment), event 2 (Co<img>As enrichment), and event 3 (Cu–Ag–Sb–Au–Pb–Zn–Bi–Mo enrichment), with the latter exhibiting a genetic linkage to the precipitation of both Cu and Mo. The Pb<img>Zn stage records two superimposed hydrothermal events: an early Co–Sb–Te–Ni–Au-enriched event 1, overprinted by a later Cu–As–Mo–Ag–Pb–Bi–dominant hydrothermal pulse (event 2) associated with Pb and Zn precipitation. The presence of trace elements and fluctuanting δ³⁴S values (−2.64 to 4.16 ‰) indicate that the successive precipitation of Mo and Cu in South Pulang was triggered by the efficient cooling of fluids, whereas the precipitation of Cu in East Pulang was associated with decreases in both temperature and fO₂, as a result of fluid–rock interactions during the eastward migration of fluid. In contrast, in North Pulang, the decreasing Se/Ge, Co/Ni and Co/As ratios imply that the significant involvement of meteoric water during the northward migration of fluid was also responsible for the precipitation of Cu, Pb and Zn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals' release behavior in antimony tailings dump and its response to different rainfall conditions","authors":"Weixiao Chen ,&nbsp;Pu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhimin Xu ,&nbsp;Ying Luo ,&nbsp;Yingdan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yidan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the influence of natural rainfall, heavy metals (HMs) in Qinglong antimony tailings are easily released into surface or underground runoff, posing a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, an independently designed rainfall simulation device was used to study the effects of tailings leachate and carbonate rocks on the release behavior and mechanism of HMs under rainfall activities (different rainfall intensities and intermittent rainfall). X-ray diffraction shows that the characteristic minerals of tailings are quartz, gypsum, kaolinite, pyrite, fluorite and calcite, and the main antimony mineral is stibnite. The simulated rainfall shows that lower intensities result in decreased pH, increased EC, higher heavy metal concentrations, and cumulative release amounts positively correlated with rainfall intensity, but has little effect on the leaching mechanism of HMs. The release of Sb is mainly a diffusion mechanism, and the leaching of As, Fe, and Mn is mainly controlled by surface leaching. Intermittent rainfall leaching significantly promoted the release of Sb and As, changing the release control mechanism and increasing concentrations by 109.2 μg/L and 16.6 μg/L, respectively. Carbonate rocks can effectively inhibit release of HMs from tailings while elevating Sb/As/Fe valence states and inducing Sb-As-Fe-Mn release correlations. The kinetic release mathematical model reflects that the release process of HMs is controlled by multiple factors. This work has deepened the understanding of heavy metal leaching under various rainfall conditions and provided a useful reference for managing open-pit tailings in karst mountainous areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reduction process contributes to the generation of subduction-related Langmuri Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in the East Kunlun Orogen, Northern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Xu Zhao ,&nbsp;Wanting Li ,&nbsp;Wenjun Li ,&nbsp;Chongwen Xu ,&nbsp;Hua Li ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Yanning Wang ,&nbsp;Lebing Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ore-genesis of the subduction-related Cu-Ni sulfide deposits has not been well studied. This article focuses on the Langmuri Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in the East Kunlun Orogen (EKO) by studying the symbiotic ore-bearing olivine pyroxenite and ore-free gabbro. Twenty-seven Cu-Ni sulfide orebodies were defined in these ultramafic and mafic rocks in past years with Ni average grades up to 1.5 % and Cu average grades up to 0.18 %. The ore mineralization comprises sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite, and pyrrhotite) and oxides (chromite and magnetite). Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the Langmuri mafic-ultramafic rocks have similar emplacement ages (449.9 ± 3.9 Ma for the olivine pyroxenite, 450.8 ± 1.8 Ma for the gabbro), and they were generated during the northward subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. These rocks were sourced from partial melting of a continuously enriched lithosphere mantle resulting from interaction with slab-derived fluids. The ore-bearing olivine pyroxenite had a basaltic parental magma. It underwent accumulation of olivine and minor chromite and crustal contamination during magmatic evolution, while the ore-free mafic rocks underwent fractional crystallization of olivine and chromite and the crustal contamination was insignificant. The oxidation state of the ore-bearing olivine pyroxenite at QFM-1 to QFM is lower than the values for normal arc magma and the ore-free gabbro, which should be associated with the crustal contamination. Based on these clues, we inferred that fractional crystallization of olivine and minor chromite occurred in a deep magmatic chamber, and these minerals accumulated locally to form olivine-rich ultramafic rocks. The magma that underwent fractional crystallization of these minerals is the parental magma for the ore-free gabbro, while the magma with accumulation of these minerals is heavier and transported more slowly, which makes it undergo significant crustal contamination during magmatic rising. The crustal contamination reduced the magma, resulting in the sulfur saturation in magma and the generation of Cu-Ni sulfide orebodies in the Late Ordovician subduction setting at EKO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fundamentals of rare earth element ion adsorption clay deposits: A mineral systems approach for exploration","authors":"Samantha C. Russo ,&nbsp;Ignacio González-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Helen A. Cocker ,&nbsp;Alex J. McCoy-West","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exponential growth of demand for ‘green-technologies’ requires significantly increased production of critical elements, including rare earth elements (REE). Some of the most significant (and largest) REE deposits are associated with carbonatites. However, carbonatites are predominantly light-(L)REE-enriched, which has implications for meeting global heavy-(H)REE demand. As a result, REE ion adsorption clay deposits (IACD), which are examples of intense weathering, have sparked international interest as a HREE source (~80 % of global HREE are sourced from IACD). Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive review of REE IACD to understand their constraints, global distribution, and main features while applying a mineral systems approach.</div><div>The REE source for IACD, although typically granitic, is more diverse than traditionally thought, with the weathering of local igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks and external fluids (e.g., hydrothermal fluids and basinal brines) and lithologies (e.g., transport of weathering constituents rather than an in-situ source) supplying the REE required for IACD formation. Following the weathering of REE-rich source material, REE are liberated and mobilised in the weathering profile through pH-dependent complexation with ligands (e.g., F⁻, CO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻) or as hydrated REE species. The nature of the source (e.g., relative LREE- or HREE-enrichment) and fluids within the weathering profile (e.g., pH and ligand concentrations) control REE fractionation and relative LREE and HREE enrichment of a IACD. Once mobilised, REE are adsorbed out of solution and enriched onto clay minerals (e.g., kaolinite and halloysite), a process strongly controlled by pH and the physicochemical characteristics of the clays present, with REE adsorption most favourable under circumneutral conditions. To preserve REE enrichment (and IACD formation) through clay adsorption, a low erosional setting is required. Climates with excessive rainfall (e.g., tropical humid climates) may be problematic for REE IACD preservation through geological time, where excessive rainfall results in clay dissolution and saprolite collapse. The conceptual model provided in this study develops a framework that will be built upon in the coming years as our knowledge of these deposit types and global exploration continues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis and factors controlling tungsten mineralization of Late Mesozoic granites from Xianxia intrusion and Zhuxiling tungsten deposit in Jiangnan tungsten belt, China","authors":"Likai Ge,&nbsp;Jun Yan,&nbsp;Qiaoqin Xie,&nbsp;Sujuan Zhou,&nbsp;Liu Yang,&nbsp;Quanzhong Li,&nbsp;Jiancheng Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, most tungsten deposits are closely and genetically related to granitic rocks, but only a small amount of granite can produce tungsten deposits. So far, there are still a topic of ongoing discussion about the controlling factors of ore-bearing granite formation. To investigate their controlling factors of the ore-forming granites, an inclusive research of zircon geochronology, apatite in-situ geochemistry, whole-rock major-trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes was carried out for the Xianxia barren and Zhuxiling ore-forming intrusions in Jiangnan tungsten belt, China. Zircon U<img>Pb dating results show that Xianxia (133.8–140.1 Ma) and Zhuxiling (139.5–143.3 Ma) intrusions were emplaced in the Early Cretaceous. The Xianxia and Zhuxiling samples (SiO₂ = 62.04–70.40 wt%) predominantly are high-K calc-alkaline, weakly peraluminous monzogranite and syenogranite, exhibiting an affinity of weakly fractionated I-type granite, characterized by enrichment in LREEs, Rb, Th, and U, and negative anomalies in Eu (δEu = 0.68–0.90), Nb, P, and Ti. They also have relatively high Sr contents (247–549 ppm) and Sr/Y ratios (19.45–39.50), negative whole-rock εNd(t) values (−6.4 ∼ −5.0), high radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions, as well as high log<em>f</em>O₂ values (−22.03 to −11.35). The chemical and isotopic characteristics show that the Xianxia and Zhuxiling intrusions were likely derived from the mixing of Neoproterozoic crustal components with a little influx of mantle-derived magma. Compared with Xianxia samples (Kd ap-melt OH-F = 0.0047 (avg.) and Kdap-melt OH-Cl = 0.0912 (avg.) in apatite), Zhuxiling samples have higher halogen partitioning coefficient (Kd ap-melt OH-F = 0.0089 (avg.) and Kdap-melt OH-Cl = 0.1034 (avg.) in apatite), Sr and water contents (0.4762 wt% and 3.37 wt% of apatite and zircon), suggesting that it is more conducive to tungsten enrichment. A comprehensive discriminant analysis highlights that tungsten mineralization in weakly fractionated I-type granites is influenced by high-Sr content magma, increased alkalinity, elevated water and fluorine content, and active fluid dynamics. The results offer valuable insights into the conditions necessary for tungsten deposits in less evolved granitic systems, with broader implications for exploration strategies in similar geological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redistribution of minor and trace elements in ore minerals in metamorphosed VMS deposits, Rävliden North, Skellefte district, Sweden","authors":"Jonathan Rincon ,&nbsp;Nils Jansson ,&nbsp;Helen Thomas ,&nbsp;Majka Christiane Kaiser ,&nbsp;Mac Fjellerad Persson ,&nbsp;Amir Morteza Azim Zadeh ,&nbsp;Yousef Ghorbani ,&nbsp;Christina Wanhainen","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Rävliden North volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, in northern Sweden underwent polyphase deformation and greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism during the Svecokarelian orogeny. This caused remobilisation and recrystallisation of ore minerals, whose composition was analysed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite chemistry mirrors zonation of undeformed VMS deposits. Chalcopyrite-rich mineralisation contains higher Cu, Co, In, and lower Mn concentrations than sphalerite-rich mineralisation. Besides galena, Ag occurs in sulfosalts, tellurides, antimonides, and amalgams, which possibly formed through exsolutions from α-galena in <em>syn</em>- to post-tectonic structures. LA-ICP-MS imaging shows Ag-rich minerals in early syngenetic pyrite, in contrast to syn-metamorphic pyrite, indicating remobilisation during deformation. Despite sampling effects accounted for through linear mixed effects (LME) modelling, the results indicate that <em>syn</em>-metamorphic recrystallisation and remobilisation did not lead to substantial compositional changes in ore minerals. Instead, these processes partitioned Ga between sphalerite and chalcopyrite and enriched Ag, Cd, and Sb in minerals associated with younger parageneses. Zeolite-bearing veins in the hanging wall host sphalerite with the highest Ga, Ge, Cu, and Sb contents and galena with the lowest Bi, Te, and Tl contents. An origin potentially linked to far-field effects of the opening of the Iapetus Ocean or waning Timanian orogeny is discussed based on similarities to other vein- and breccia-hosted Zn<img>Pb deposits in Northern Sweden. This study provides the first multiple-mineral in-situ trace element dataset for a VMS deposit in the Skellefte district, enhances understanding of element redistribution during metamorphism, and identifies remobilised elements potentially vectoring mineralisation at depth. Moreover, this study enables tracing of penalty and by-product elements in downstream beneficiation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}