Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis最新文献

{"title":"Advances in Dyslipidaemia Treatments: Focusing on ApoC3 and ANGPTL3 Inhibitors.","authors":"Brian Tomlinson, Qian-Yan Wu, Yi-Ming Zhong, Yan-Hong Li","doi":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.2","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibit lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase and may influence the secretion and uptake of various lipoproteins. Genetic studies show that depletion of these proteins is associated with improved lipid profiles and reduced cardiovascular events so it was anticipated that drugs which mimic the effects of loss-of-function mutations would be useful lipid treatments. ANGPTL3 inhibitors were initially developed as a treatment for severe hypertriglyceridaemia including familial chylomicronaemia syndrome (FCS), which is usually not adequately controlled with currently available drugs. However, it was found ANGPTL3 inhibitors were also effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and they were studied in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). Evinacumab targets ANGPTL3 and reduced LDL-C by about 50% in patients with homozygous FH and it has been approved for that indication. The antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) vupanorsen targeting ANGPTL3 was less effective in reducing LDL-C in patients with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and its development has been discontinued but the small interfering RNA (siRNA) ARO-ANG3 is being investigated in Phase 2 studies. ApoC3 can be inhibited by the ASO volanesorsen, which reduced triglycerides by >70% in patients with FCS and it was approved for FCS in Europe but not in the United States because of concerns about thrombocytopaenia. Olezarsen is an N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated ASO targeting apoC3 which appears as effective as volanesorsen without the risk of thrombocytopaenia and is undergoing Phase 3 trials. ARO-APOC3 is an siRNA targeting apoC3 that is currently being investigated in Phase 3 studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13 1","pages":"2-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Appreciation to Our Reviewers in the Past Year 2023.","authors":"Hyun Kang","doi":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putative Pathogenic Variants of <i>ABCG5</i> and <i>ABCG8</i> of Sitosterolemia in Patients With Hyper-Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterolemia.","authors":"Nobuko Kojima, Hayato Tada, Akihiro Nomura, Soichiro Usui, Kenji Sakata, Kenshi Hayashi, Atsushi Nohara, Akihiro Inazu, Masa-Aki Kawashiri, Masayuki Takamura","doi":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.53","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by the deleterious variants of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 (<i>ABCG5</i>) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8 (<i>ABCG8</i>). There are only few data on the pathogenicity of <i>ABCG5</i> and <i>ABCG8</i>. This study aimed to propose a scheme for determining variant pathogenicity and to catalog the putative pathogenic variants in sitosterolemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 377 consecutive Japanese patients with hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (mean age: 46.5±19.8 years, with 192 men) who have targeted-sequenced data on <i>ABCG5</i> or <i>ABCG8</i> (among 21 Mendelian lipid genes for any dyslipidemias) and serum sitosterol levels at Kanazawa University Hospital from 2016 to 2021. Serum sitosterol levels were divided by 0.79 in patients treated with ezetimibe, accounting for the average reduction with this drug. <i>ABCG5</i> or <i>ABCG8</i> variants were defined as putative pathogenic if associated with serum sitosterol levels ≥5 µg/mL or homozygous if associated with serum sitosterol levels ≥10 µg/mL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three <i>ABCG5</i> or <i>ABCG8</i> variants (16 missense, 2 nonsense, 2 frameshift, 2 deletion, and 1 splice mutation) were identified. Based on our definition, 11 putative pathogenic variants (median sitosterol level: 10.1 [6.5-17.1] µg/mL) were found in 36 individuals and 12 benign variants (median sitosterol: 3.5 [2.5-4.1] µg/mL) in 14 individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The scheme proposed for assessing the pathogenicity of genetic variations (<i>ABCG5</i> and <i>ABCG8</i>) is useful. Using this scheme, 11 putative pathogenic, and 12 benign variants in <i>ABCG5</i> or <i>ABCG</i> were classified.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kye-Yeung Park, Sangmo Hong, Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park","doi":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.82","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.82","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13 1","pages":"82-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statins Ticagrelor and Rhabdomyolysis: A Coincidence or a Drug Interaction?","authors":"Ramesh Patel, Jai Bharat Sharma, Saraswati Rajput","doi":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.61","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Statins play a key role in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for both primary and secondary prevention. However, their increasing usage has correspondingly led to a higher incidence of adverse effects, with muscle symptoms being the most common. An intriguing drug interaction exists between ticagrelor and high-intensity statins, which may exacerbate the adverse effects of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis, leading to significant consequences. This study was conducted to examine the profile of patients who have experienced statin-induced rhabdomyolysis while undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational study that included 1,862 patients who underwent PTCA at our institute over the course of 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a 1-year period, we encountered four patients who were being treated with high-intensity statin therapy following acute coronary syndrome. These patients presented with muscle weakness and kidney injury. A notable commonality among all patients was the co-prescription of ticagrelor. Two patients died, while the other 2 were successfully managed through hydration, electrolyte balance, dialysis, and alternative lipid management drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The concomitant use of ticagrelor and high-intensity statins should be carefully considered due to the additional risk of rhabdomyolysis and kidney injury. Future pharmacokinetic studies are needed to establish a causal relationship and predict potential drug interactions, which, if not avoided, could be fatal.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis</i> Update 2024.","authors":"Hyun Kang","doi":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.86","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13 1","pages":"86-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of COVID-19 Vaccination for Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Upcoming Endemic Era.","authors":"Kye Hun Kim","doi":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.21","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 vaccination has played a pivotal role in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic by providing a powerful tool to curb the spread of the virus, reduce severe illness and hospitalizations, and ultimately save lives and facilitate a return to normal daily routines. As COVID-19 vaccination has become more widespread and more individuals have recovered from the infection, COVID-19 has entered an endemic disease phase. This phase is characterized by a less severe and more stable pattern of infection within certain regions, similar to the predictability of seasonal influenza. In this endemic era, COVID-19 vaccines may appear to be less important, and many people are reluctant to receive COVID-19 vaccination for various reasons, including the fear of adverse events. However, COVID-19 remains a major public health problem, in that the incidence rate of new COVID-19 infections is still high and the morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations are substantial. Therefore, the role of COVID-19 vaccines in protecting high-risk individuals is crucial, and ongoing research and surveillance are imperative to refine vaccination recommendations in the ever-changing landscape of the COVID-19 endemic era. This review explores the role of COVID-19 vaccination in the upcoming COVID-19 endemic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Statin Discontinuation in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.","authors":"Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park","doi":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.41","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with statin discontinuation in Korea, using a nationwide database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 1,308,390 patients treated with statin for the first time in their life between 2016 and 2017 using the Korean National Health Information Database. The patients participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program within two years before taking statin. Patients with statin discontinuation were defined as those who were not prescribed statin between 365 days and 730 days after the initial statin prescription.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of statin discontinuation was 39.44%. Patients with statin discontinuation were younger, had lower body mass index (BMI), included a higher number of smokers and drinkers, did not exercise regularly, with fewer cases of hypertension and diabetes mellitus than those without statin discontinuation (<i>p</i><0.001). Compared with patients aged 20-29 years, the risk of statin discontinuation showed a U-shaped relationship with age (odds ratios [ORs]: 0.619 in 30-39 years; 0.454 in 40-49 years; 0.345 in 50-59 years; 0.307 in 60-69 years; 0.324 in 70-79 years; and 0.415 in ≥80 years). In addition, increased BMI was associated with decreased risk of statin discontinuation (ORs: 0.969 with 25.0-29.9 kg/m², and 0.890 with ≥30.0 kg/m²). Patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus were at a lower risk of statin discontinuation (OR: 0.414 for hypertension; 0.416 for diabetes mellitus).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of patients with statin discontinuation in Korea was 39.44% at 1 to 2 years after initial statin treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13 1","pages":"41-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scavenger Receptor BI Deficiency in Mice Is Associated With Plasma Ceramide and Sphingomyelin Accumulation and a Reduced Cholesteryl Ester Fatty Acid Length and Unsaturation Degree.","authors":"Menno Hoekstra, Zhengzheng Zhang, Peter W Lindenburg, Miranda Van Eck","doi":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.69","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is primarily known for its role in the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters (CEs) from high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Here we investigated whether SR-BI deficiency is associated with other potentially relevant changes in the plasma lipidome than the established effect of HDL-cholesterol elevation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to measure lipid species in plasma from female wild-type and SR-BI knockout mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SR-BI deficiency was associated with a reduction in the average CE fatty acid length (-2%; <i>p</i><0.001) and degree of CE fatty acid unsaturation (-18%; <i>p</i><0.001) due to a relative shift from longer, polyunsaturated CE species CE (20:4), CE (20:5), and CE (22:6) towards the mono-unsaturated CE (18:1) species. Sphingomyelin (SM) levels were 64% higher (<i>p</i><0.001) in SR-BI knockout mice without a parallel change in (lyso)phosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations, resulting in an increase in the SM/LPC ratio from 0.102±0.005 to 0.163±0.003 (<i>p</i><0.001). In addition, lower LPC lengths (-5%; <i>p</i><0.05) and fatty acid unsaturation degrees (-20%; <i>p</i><0.01) were detected in SR-BI knockout mice. Furthermore, SR-BI deficiency was associated with a 4.7-fold increase (<i>p</i><0.001) in total plasma ceramide (Cer) levels, with a marked >9-fold rise (<i>p</i><0.001) in Cer (d18:1/24:1) concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have shown that SR-BI deficiency in mice not only impacts the CE concentrations, length, and saturation index within the plasma compartment, but is also associated with plasma accumulation of several Cer and SM species that may contribute to the development of specific hematological and metabolic (disease) phenotypes previously detected in SR-BI knockout mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"13 1","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of the Wnt Pathways as a Potential Target Pathway in Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Anastasia V Poznyak,&nbsp;Vasily N Sukhorukov,&nbsp;Mikhail A Popov,&nbsp;Yegor S Chegodaev,&nbsp;Anton Y Postnov,&nbsp;Alexander N Orekhov","doi":"10.12997/jla.2023.12.3.223","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2023.12.3.223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proteins of the Wnt family are involved in a variety of physiological processes by means of several canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. Wnt signaling has been recently identified as a major player in atherogenesis. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on the influence of various components of the Wnt signaling pathways on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and associated conditions. We used the PubMed database to search for recent papers on the involvement of the Wnt pathways in atherosclerosis. We used the combination of \"Wnt\" and \"atherosclerosis\" keywords to find the initial papers, and chose papers published after 2018. In the first section of the paper, we describe the general mechanisms of the Wnt signaling pathways and their components. The next section is dedicated to existing studies assessing the implication of Wnt signaling elements in different atherogenic processes, such as cholesterol retention, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerotic calcification of the vessels. Lastly, various therapeutic strategies based on interference with the Wnt signaling pathways are considered. We also compare the efficacy and availability of the proposed treatment methods. Wnt signaling can be considered a potential target in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Therefore, in this review, we reviewed evidences showing that wnt signaling is an important signal for developing appropriate treatment strategies for atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"12 3","pages":"223-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/96/jla-12-223.PMC10548192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}