Journal of Mass Media Ethics最新文献

{"title":"Journalism and the Politics of Hate: Charting Ethical Responses to Religious Intolerance","authors":"Cherian George","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2014.893771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2014.893771","url":null,"abstract":"A series of international controversies involving religious offense have manifested the clash of values between freedom of expression and respect for religious identity. Such conflicts pose an ethical dilemma for media. Journalists need to assert freedom of expression, but they should also understand how hate speech can be used to repress targeted groups, and not turn into unwitting facilitators of such campaigns. They should also appreciate that the taking of offense, and not just the giving of it, can be engineered by leaders of religious communities to secure a political advantage. Journalists appear underprepared for handling such events. While not attempting a revision of current codes of ethics, this paper draws on legal discourse to suggest a framework and a language through which journalists can deliberate their ethics to respond to an urgent global challenge.","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129040564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Health Communication: A Content Analysis of Predominant Frames and Primes in Public Service Announcements","authors":"Renita Coleman, Lesa Hatley Major","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2014.893773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2014.893773","url":null,"abstract":"Health communication is increasingly being held to higher moral standards. No longer do noble goals outweigh ethical concerns. This content analysis examines ethical frames and primes in health public service announcements (PSAs) so we may begin to address the most prevalent of the problematic ones and find more ethical alternatives. In this study, 80% of the PSAs conveyed messages that individuals were to blame. Negative emotion, such as fear, was the second most frequent frame. Stereotypes of women were the primes most prevalent in the visuals, and visual and verbal messages were vastly different for some of these primes. The ethical implications of each are addressed.","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122951197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Public Relations to Defy Science","authors":"G. Elsner","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2014.893780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2014.893780","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128619119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unethical Behavior on Several Levels","authors":"Debra A. Silverman","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2014.893778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2014.893778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130159951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Big Data, Big Problems: Emerging Issues in the Ethics of Data Science and Journalism","authors":"Joshua Fairfield, Hannah Shtein","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2014.863126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2014.863126","url":null,"abstract":"As big data techniques become widespread in journalism, both as the subject of reporting and as newsgathering tools, the ethics of data science must inform and be informed by media ethics. This article explores emerging problems in ethical research using big data techniques. It does so using the duty-based framework advanced by W.D. Ross, who has significantly influenced both research science and media ethics. A successful framework must provide stability and flexibility. Without stability, ethical precommitments will vanish as technology rapidly shifts costs. Without flexibility, traditional approaches will rapidly become obsolete in the face of technological change. The article concludes that Ross's duty-based approach both provides stability in the face of rapid technological change and flexibility to innovate to achieve the original purpose of basic ethical principles.","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114978909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Battlefield to Newsroom: Ethical Implications of Drone Technology in Journalism","authors":"K. Culver","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2013.829679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2013.829679","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as “drones,” are a military technology now being developed for civilian and commercial use in the United States. With the federal government moving to develop rules for these uses in U.S. airspace by 2015, technologists, researchers, and news organizations are considering application of drone technology for reporting and data gathering. UAVs offer an inexpensive way to put cameras and sensors in the air to capture images and data but also pose serious concerns about safety, privacy, conflict of interest, perspective, and credibility. This research examines the early ethical considerations among drone journalism developers and digital information activists. It places those considerations against the backdrop of utilitarian ethical theory applied to journalism to suggest additional layers of reasoning that must be applied to drones in reporting. Finally, it suggests articulation of ethical guidelines and transparency with the public as means to address inevitable adverse effects of use of this technology.","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131953205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Challenges of Global Media","authors":"D. N. Wachanga","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2014.863606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2014.863606","url":null,"abstract":"and community might be a somewhat harder sell. I fully embrace community as a guiding principle, and it is heartening to see that principle given such a central position. I have always believed that a central goal of journalism is to make the world a better place—to serve the common good. Transparency is intriguing, and I am tempted by what it may accomplish, but I also worry that such a heavy emphasis on transparency may result in us expecting too little of journalists and too much of audiences. For journalists, transparency could serve to let them off the hook from doing the much-needed work of sense-making. In other words, transparency could be used as an excuse for not truly getting to the bottom of issues. (For the record, McBride and Rosenstiel contend that transparency does not equate to a lower bar.) For audiences, it might be the case that encouraging transparency simultaneously encourages the trend toward niche consumption. We are already seeing how easy it is for citizens to inhabit a news echo chamber; putting such a heavy emphasis on transparency could further enable this. In fact, McBride and Rosenstiel point out that “in a world in which an increasingly polarized public can choose from a wide array of sources for news, some consumers will demand this transparency” (p. 91). I worry that this demand emanates not from an interest in taking time to sort the reliable from the suspect but rather from a (perhaps more passive) desire to find news that simply reinforces consumers’ own points of view. It could be that my assessment of transparency sells both journalists and citizens short. I hope I am wrong. Regardless, however, of whether transparency stands up as one of three guiding principles for journalism, the concept certainly deserves consideration. What also deserve consideration are the questions offered at the end of the 14 case studies featured in The New Ethics of Journalism (one case for each chapter). Journalist Caitlin Johnson wrote each of the cases, and many of her questions do an exceptional job of prompting ethical reflection about issues related to those cases. In fact, in some instances, the questions help draw out the ethical ramifications of a case that is not explicitly about ethics, and they even help tie the chapters to their corresponding principles of truth, transparency, and community. These are the kinds of questions that work well not only in a classroom but also in a newsroom. Many of them get beyond the obvious and help stimulate the kind of ethical analysis that is so essential to working through an issue in a sophisticated way. In the end, The New Ethics of Journalism helped me better understand the landscape of journalism in the digital age; it encouraged me to reflect on what should matter most for journalism in this new landscape; and at times, it even prompted me to talk back. A book that can do all of these things is worth the read.","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132606995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Ethics of Citizen Photojournalists and Professional Photojournalists: A Coorientational Study","authors":"T. Mortensen","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2014.863125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2014.863125","url":null,"abstract":"In the digital news environment, amateur images—citizen photojournalism—appear next to professional photojournalists' photos, contributing to a probable tension and sense of professional threat among professional photojournalists. Using the coorientation approach, this study explores the ethical values of citizen photojournalists and professional photojournalists, the extent to which they agree about these values, how accurate they are in assessing each others' values, and how congruent they perceive they are with each other.","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127625520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Crises Through a Rhetorical Lens","authors":"Kevin L Stoker","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2014.863612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2014.863612","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133765675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Rights for the Digital Age","authors":"K. Mathiesen","doi":"10.1080/08900523.2014.863124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2014.863124","url":null,"abstract":"Human rights are those legal and/or moral rights that all persons have simply as persons. In the current digital age, human rights are increasingly being either fulfilled or violated in the online environment. In this article, I provide a way of conceptualizing the relationships between human rights and information technology. I do so by pointing out a number of misunderstandings of human rights evident in Vinton Cerf's recent argument that there is no human right to the Internet. I claim that Cerf fails to recognize the existence of derived human rights. I argue further that we need to consider what other human rights are necessitated by the digital age. I suggest we need a Declaration of Digital Rights. As a step toward the development of such a declaration, I suggest a framework for thinking through how to ensure the human rights are satisfied in digital contexts.","PeriodicalId":162833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Media Ethics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114910434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}