Jeffrey Ke, Conrad Moss, Xuan Feng, Anthony T Reder
{"title":"Long-Term IFN-β Therapy Enhances and Prolongs IFN Responses in Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Jeffrey Ke, Conrad Moss, Xuan Feng, Anthony T Reder","doi":"10.1177/10799907261458149","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10799907261458149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease with autoimmune inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Untreated MS patients exhibit subnormal activation of the p-Ser-STAT1 transcription factor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), causing weak interferon (IFN) signaling and low expression of some IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). IFN-β therapy reduces MS exacerbations, delays progression, and largely corrects abnormal gene expression in PBMC. We hypothesize that long-term IFN-β therapy improves weak IFN responses and regulates MS immunity through a priming effect and induction of a more IFN-responsive state. The duration and strength of IFN-stimulated gene expression during prolonged therapy and their diminution after discontinuation are unknown. Using paired comparisons of 1- and 7-month PEG-IFN-β-treated MS patients' PBMCs, we investigated short- and long-term responses to <i>in vivo</i> IFN-β. Prolonged therapy created a new IFN setpoint with elevated expression of antiviral, immune, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective ISG while decreasing inflammatory and metabolic gene expression, often doubling their half-life. Genes that inhibit IFN-β signaling also showed long-term induction, reflecting a regulatory state that prevents overactivation. Strong IFN responses during long-term therapy of MS reflect a shift from subnormal IFN signaling and dysregulated immune control to a more responsive state that persists for months.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"253-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amiya K Sahoo, Bimal P Mohanty, Sam Martin, Ram Savan, Subhendu K Otta
{"title":"Fish Cytokines at the Crossroads: From Ancient Immune Signals to Modern One Health and Aquaculture Vaccines.","authors":"Amiya K Sahoo, Bimal P Mohanty, Sam Martin, Ram Savan, Subhendu K Otta","doi":"10.1177/10799907261481824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10799907261481824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"10799907261481824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandon Block, Jaanvi Mehta, Alice Tang, Gabriella Soto-Canetti, Riley Spingler, Benjamin Ungar, Jordan Talia
{"title":"<i>Letter:</i> Type I Interferon Treatment and Risk of Granuloma Annulare and Lichen Planus: A Global Cohort Study.","authors":"Brandon Block, Jaanvi Mehta, Alice Tang, Gabriella Soto-Canetti, Riley Spingler, Benjamin Ungar, Jordan Talia","doi":"10.1177/10799907261475008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10799907261475008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"10799907261475008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gina Leisching, Donal Cox, Vincent Bondet, Anjali S Yennemadi, Seán Donohue, Darragh Duffy, Joseph Keane
{"title":"Human Macrophages Secrete Both Interferon α and Interferon β Proteins During Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.","authors":"Gina Leisching, Donal Cox, Vincent Bondet, Anjali S Yennemadi, Seán Donohue, Darragh Duffy, Joseph Keane","doi":"10.1177/10799907261446997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10799907261446997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb) infection activates type I interferons (IFNs), which are crucial mediators of tuberculosis pathogenesis. Despite assumptions that IFNα and IFNβ are secreted by human macrophages, direct protein quantification in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) is surprisingly lacking. Here, we demonstrate measurable IFNα and IFNβ secretion by MDMs infected with both virulent (H37Rv) and attenuated (H37Ra) Mtb strains as early as 48 h postinfection, with levels persisting at 120 h. These findings challenge existing assumptions about type I IFN kinetics and highlight the importance of timing in experimental designs and provide a foundation for exploring their role in host-pathogen interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":"46 8","pages":"244-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IL-6-JAK2-STAT3 Signaling Pathway and the Pathogenesis of Chronic Tonsillitis.","authors":"Siyu Li, Xiuguo Li, Jing Lu, Haojun Yang, Haochen Yang, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10799907261442845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10799907261442845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tonsils are among the largest lymphoid tissues within the Waldeyer's ring. They generate lymphocytes that facilitate immune responses and play essential protective roles in host defense. When tonsillar crypts are exposed to specific bacterial or viral infections, persistent allergic stimuli, or immune dysregulation, an inflammatory cascade may be triggered, increasing the risk of chronic tonsillitis (CT). CT is a common otolaryngological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation or a single prolonged episode (>3 months), and it typically presents with repeated acute pharyngalgia, fever, cough, tonsillar swelling and suppuration, itching of the throat, and dryness. The Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways, first described by Darnell and Stark in the early 1990s, are highly conserved transmembrane signal transduction mechanisms. They act as central hubs for cytokine-mediated signaling and enable communication between cells and their external environment. Many cytokines exert their biological effects through this pathway. This review elaborates on the activation mechanism of the IL-6-JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, summarizes the major drug classes targeting this pathway, highlights the clinical significance in CT, and addresses the current knowledge gaps in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":"46 8","pages":"217-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmaa Atef, Basant Mahmoud, Basma Sayed, Saeed S Mohamed, Nabil A Hasona
{"title":"Biochemical Signature in Deciphering the Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1/microRNA-145 Axis and Its Molecular Correlation with Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta/Transforming Growth Factor-Beta and Apoptotic Proteins Expression in Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Asmaa Atef, Basant Mahmoud, Basma Sayed, Saeed S Mohamed, Nabil A Hasona","doi":"10.1177/10799907261444320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10799907261444320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial malignancy characterized by complex interactions between oncogenic signaling networks and noncoding RNA regulators. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and microRNA-145 (miR-145) have been recognized as reliable diagnostic biomarkers for cancer. This study evaluates their biochemical interaction, along with their connection to the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ)/transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway and crosstalk with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and apoptotic markers in CRC. Serum samples were collected from 120 participants, including 90 CRC patients exhibiting a range of tumor grades and anatomical sites, in addition to 30 healthy controls. The expression levels of NF-κB and apoptotic markers were quantified using standardized immunoassays, while the relative expression levels of MALAT1, miR-145, TGF-β, and VEGF were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Integrative analysis of CRC samples reveals that MALAT1 overexpression correlates with downregulation of miR-145, increased NF-κβ, elevated levels of TGF-β and VEGF, and alterations in apoptotic proteins. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed excellent discriminative power for MALAT1 and miR-145 in distinguishing patients with CRC from healthy controls. These findings suggest that the MALAT1/miR-145 axis serves as a central biochemical node linking inflammatory and fibrotic signaling pathways and apoptotic protein expression in colorectal carcinogenesis. Targeting this regulatory network may offer novel therapeutic opportunities to suppress NF-κβ/TGF-β-driven tumor progression and improve CRC outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":"46 8","pages":"236-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Acchioni, Lydie Martin, Elina Gerber-Tichet, Chiara Acchioni, Dacquin M Kasumba, Marco Sgarbanti, Nathalie Grandvaux
{"title":"A Stable Reporter Cell Line to Study Respiratory Syncytial Virus NS2-Mediated Inhibition of <i>IFNB</i> Promoter Activation.","authors":"Marta Acchioni, Lydie Martin, Elina Gerber-Tichet, Chiara Acchioni, Dacquin M Kasumba, Marco Sgarbanti, Nathalie Grandvaux","doi":"10.1177/10799907261443406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10799907261443406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. A hallmark of RSV pathogenesis is early innate immune evasion by the nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2. NS2 is a multifunctional interferon (IFN) antagonist that dampens both IFNβ induction and type I IFN responsiveness by targeting multiple nodes of the RIG-I/IFN signaling axis. Because NS2-mediated inhibition is often partial and context dependent, quantifying its effects in conventional cell-based assays is challenging. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a stable, virus-free reporter system in human A549 cells to measure NS2-dependent inhibition of dsRNA-driven <i>IFNB</i> induction. The platform combines stable NS2 expression with genomic integration of a dual cassette encoding a non-targeting short hairpin RNA that constitutively activates IRF-3 to induce a luciferase reporter under <i>IFNB</i> promoter control. This configuration yields a sensitive, reproducible luminescence readout of <i>IFNB</i> promoter activity in controlled, infection-free conditions, enabling robust quantification of NS2 antagonism with reduced variability. The scalable luminescence-based format supports early-stage discovery and prioritization of inhibitors that counteract NS2 function, and the modular design is adaptable to other viral antagonists, pathways, and cell types for standardized comparative studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":"46 8","pages":"226-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Syndecan-4 Acts as a Negative Regulator of the CXCL10-CXCR3 Axis to Attenuate Endothelial Inflammation in Sepsis-Associated ALI.","authors":"Jiayue Qin, Liuyi Song, Hongmei Zhou, Qian Hao, Zhipeng Zhu","doi":"10.1177/10799907261432941","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10799907261432941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial cell injury and dysfunction are among the main causes of sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI); however, the underlying mechanism through which endothelial activation coordinates the adhesion and migration of immune cells remains elusive. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the hub gene (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 [CXCL10]) was predicted to be involved in both endothelial activation and syndecan 4 (SDC4) binding capacity. In both the LPS- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha -induced sepsis models, the expression level and biological function of the hub gene were confirmed by means of quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining. With the knockdown of SDC4 and the HS mutation technique, loss-of-function experiments and downstream pathway experiments following modulation of the hub gene's expression were conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. Through the overlap of GSE5883 and the glycosaminoglycan-binding DB, seven genes were discovered to be involved in the biological processes of SDC binding and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, including those involving CXCL10. Compared with that in the normal state, the expression of CXCL10 in the ALI state markedly increased during the acute phase of inflammation, and the SDC4 mRNA level greatly increased. Mechanistically, CXCL10 induces a proinflammatory response with the help of SDC4 as a coreceptor, leading to CXCR3/NF-κB pathway activation and VCAM1 overexpression. This proinflammatory phenotype was further enhanced by knockdown of SDC4. By mutating the heparan sulfate (HS) chain of SDC4, the severity of inflammation was exacerbated, and the recruitment of immune cells was also enhanced. In summary, endothelial-derived SDC4 acts as a negative mediator to ameliorate ALI through modulation of the CXCR3 pathway with the help of HS chains.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":"46 7","pages":"189-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytokines 2025: 13th Annual Meeting of the International Cytokine & Interferon Society.","authors":"Yang Zhao","doi":"10.1177/10799907261435098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10799907261435098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":"46 7","pages":"185-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serum Level of Interleukin-11 Is Associated with the Severity of Hepatic Fibrosis in Adults with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","authors":"Yingying Xue, Hsiuying Fu, Hongyan Wu, Ziwei Wang, Lixuan Shen, Jingyu Zhu, Ziwei Zhu, Yue Cao, Yingying Xiang, Xizhong Yu, Wenbin Shang, Ruonan Zhou","doi":"10.1177/10799907261432064","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10799907261432064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) poses a critical public health challenge, yet current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed by various cell types in the liver. Although preclinical studies have revealed the pro-fibrotic role of IL-11 in mouse models, the clinical relevance between serum IL-11 and human MASLD remains unclear. This cross-sectional study enrolled 375 patients with MASLD from the outpatient department to explore the relationship between the serum level of IL-11 and the indicators of MASLD in adults with MASLD. Demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, laboratory biomarkers, FibroScan results, and serum IL-11 concentrations were prospectively collected in patients with MASLD for further analysis. As a result, the liver stiffness measurement values were significantly elevated in patients with detectable serum IL-11 compared to the IL-11-undetectable group, while the controlled attenuation parameter values between the groups showed no significant difference. It was also illustrated by logistic regression models that serum IL-11 is an independent predictor of advanced hepatic fibrosis. Our findings provide the references for further developing IL-11 as a potential evaluative biomarker and therapeutic target of MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":"46 7","pages":"204-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}