NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016最新文献

{"title":"Combined Instruments for Test Efficiency","authors":"Tim Coonan","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.38","url":null,"abstract":"An instrument combination is when two or more separate instruments are combined into a system to achieve a single function. Examples are a DC Source inline characterized by a high precision DMM to create a high precision DC source or two CW Sources and a combiner used to create a TOI test instrument. Often times calibration procedures are written to use an expensive and slow multifunction calibrator that is not optimized for time and cost. In this paper I will describe examples of when we have replaced a multifunction calibrator with a more specific instrument combination in order to optimize the procedure, what we had to look out for while making these replacements, and how we have designed our hardware abstraction layer to allow for these replacements without the need to update test code.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129246587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Effects of Noise Source Mismatch on Y-Factor Noise Figure Measurement Uncertainty","authors":"Ken Wong","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.30","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate low noise figure measurement is critical for devices used in telecommunication systems. Lower the noise figure, the less transmission power is required to receive a signal within a given distance. The Y-factor method is the most common technique for determining the Noise Figure (NF) or effective input noise temperature of a Device Under Test (DUT). It is based on supplying an input termination to the DUT at two different noise temperatures, with cryogenic standards, or more commonly, with a commercial noise source consisting of a noise diode that can be biased on or off. Uncertainty of Y-factor measurements are commonly evaluated with a Noise Figure Uncertainty Calculator, NFUC. When the assumptions of the Y-factor measurement method are not met, e.g. good source match, significant error will occur that is not captured by the calculator. This problem become noticeable with Y-factor NF measurements above 18GHz and is significant in the millimeter-wave range. The mm-wave range is critical for 5G system development. Measurement comparisons will be made to illustrate the impact of source match on measurement uncertainty. This paper will introduce new ways to estimate and ameliorate this uncertainty. A new model for predicting the added uncertainty caused by the reflection coefficient of the noise source will be presented.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123551755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Decades of Metrology Education in Mexico","authors":"Roberto Benitez","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.02","url":null,"abstract":"In 1987 with the NAFTA and the popularization of ISO-9000 standards, the Metrology in México was considered as a critical part for trade, commerce and quality assurance programs. Those were the days when two of the references for metrology systems were the MIL-STD 45662A and the Guide 25. At the beginning of the 80's, the Mexican government established the National Calibration System and started the Mexican NMI as a project. Also the metrological society established the Mexican Association of Metrology (AMMAC). During the 80's decade, the government, the society and the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), organized training workshops annually and some Metrology International Symposiums. Most of the first accredited Metrology Laboratories in Mexico belonged to great industrial companies, institutes and original equipment manufacturers. With ten years of experience some private Metrology Laboratories started to provide calibration services for industry, being accredited by the National Calibration System. In 1992 the Mexican Government issued the Federal Law of Metrology and Standardization, considering in this law the establishment of the NMI CENAM and the formation of the Accreditation Bodies. Also at that time, some private companies, research institutes, universities and calibration laboratories, started to provide training in Metrology. In 2012 the Santa Rosa Jauregui University started the Engineering in Industrial Metrology as a carrier and in the same year the ITM (private institute) started to form Calibration Technicians. In 2014 the Polytechnic University of Ramos Arizpe also started the Engineering in Industrial Metrology.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121094744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Method of the Quantitative Assessment of the Economic Feasibility of Creating the Primary  (Reference) Measurement Standard","authors":"P. Neyezhmakov","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.17","url":null,"abstract":"The method of the quantitative assessment of the economic feasibility of creating the national primary standard (NPS) or the reference standard (RS) of Ukraine in case of absence of both NPS and RS and when there are only working standards (WS) and working measuring instruments (MI) presented is substantiated. The developed algorithm allows to determine what is more appropriate from the economic point of view: to remain without RS and NPS, i.e. to transport WS (or working MI) abroad for calibrations, to create RS, which is calibrated abroad, or to create NPS, which reproduces and maintains the unit of measurement, passes international comparisons and is used in the national system of metrological support. To address this issue, the analysis of costs that are necessary for the different approaches (options) for ensuring the highest accuracy of measurements in the country for certain kind of measurements was carried out. When assessing the annual costs for maintaining the relevant standards the following costs are taken into account: the costs for maintaining NPS or RS, the costs for calibrating RS abroad, the costs for creating NPS or RS, and the costs for calibrating WS (working MI) abroad in case of absence of both NPS and RS. The costs for international calibrations are accounted separately in the overall balance of costs over the period of full lifetime of NPS. The costs for creating standards within the proposed algorithm include both the current costs for works performed by enterprises and organizations presented in the country and the costs required to purchase the equipment needed for the standard abroad, as well as those to invite foreign specialists in order to install this equipment and to train national specialists.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125215961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating a Standardized Schema for Representing ISO/IEC 17025 Scope of Accreditations in XML Data ","authors":"David Zajac","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.09","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines and defines a standardized way of expressing a calibration lab's capabilities and ISO/IEC 17025 Scope of Accreditation (SOA) in an XML format. The goal of this paper is to present and establish a standardized schema for representing A2LA, NVLAP and other SOAs in a digital format. Once established, the industry can then move from manually verifying uncertainties to a more automated approach. This XML data can then be used to generate a traditional SOA document. It will also make it easier for accredited laboratories to safeguard against reporting uncertainties that don't comply with their SOA. Automated processes can then be designed and used to verify each and every uncertainty calculation at the time of calibration and/or in a final quality step.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130938814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualifying a Check Standard for Infrared Thermometry Calibrators","authors":"F. Liebmann","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.06","url":null,"abstract":"In the world of calibration, it is best practice to use check standards to assure the quality of calibrations. The check standard is used to determine if the reference standard has drifted by an unacceptable amount from its previous calibration. This helps the calibration laboratory to meet a requirement of Section 5.9 of ISO/IEC 17025. Ideally, the check standard is equal in repeatability to the reference standard. However, in some cases this is not practical due to various issues. In these cases, an instrument should be qualified to determine if it can be used as a check standard.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130524890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of the New Defense Standard VG 96910","authors":"G. Mihm","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.43","url":null,"abstract":"International military agreements and standards are published in Standardisation Agreements (STANAG). STANAG 4704 contains the minimum requirements for calibration (reference to ISO 17025) but also standard documents for the user of the t&m equipment. This STANAG has been developed further into the new German Defense Standard VG 96910 (Documentation of Calibration Services) by German Standards Institution (DIN) published 1. September 2015. According to VG 96910 the holder of a test & measurement equipment has to define the calibration services needed before placing a calibration order. This requirement will also change the way of procurement of test & measurement equipment not only within the German Armed Forces. Before placing an order for purchasing test & measurement equipment, the measurement requirements have to be defined properly in accordance with ISO 10012. This will lead to the creation of a datasheet for the test & measurement equipment to be purchased. The retailer / distributor has to demonstrate the fulfillment of the required specification within the calibration certificate of the test & measurement equipment on offer and the traceability to national standards. The first calibration of the item after receiving can be considered as the conformity testing of the test & measurement Equipment to the required specification. This calibration will be continued to ensure that the test & measurement equipment can be used for the designated task. The Review of the calibration results can be used in accordance with RP-1 to define the calibration interval.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115127593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of BIPM Amendments in the Romanian Mass Dissemination","authors":"A. Vǎlcu","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.47","url":null,"abstract":"From January 2014 to January 2015 an extraordinary calibration using IPK was carried out at BIPM. After this calibration campaign, it was concluded that the results obtained for the set of working standards indicate the existence of an offset from the IPK over 22 years by 35 μg. Therefore, Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) recommended that all mass calibrations of national prototypes and of mass standards issued by the BIPM during the years 2003-2013 need to be amended with this value. During this period, Romanian National Prototype of the Kilogram (NPK ) together with stainless steel kilogram Ni81 were calibrated two times at BIPM: in 2005 and 2013. After receiving the BIPM amendments, the first measure taken by Mass laboratory was to perform the comparison between NPK and stainless steel reference standards, which represents the main step in the dissemination of mass unit in Romania. The paper describes the results obtained from this comparison, the impact of these new values on Romanian mass dissemination and actions taken in consequence.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123760141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Status of Interlaboratory Comparison on Reference Photovoltaic Cell Calibration at Center for Measurment Standards in Taiwan","authors":"M. Tsai","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.46","url":null,"abstract":"Proficiency testing is one of the ways to evaluate the participant performance against pre-established criteria by means of interlaboratory comparisons. Center for Measurement Standards / Industrial Technology Research Institute (CMS/ITRI) has been committed to measurement technologies and statistical engineering. Thus, CMS has established its renowned reputation in metrology in Taiwan. Quality Engineering Department (QED) which belongs to Measurement Standards & Legal Metrology Division at CMS/ITRI is one of the designated organizations by Taiwan Accreditation Foundation (TAF) to hold proficiency testing in calibration field and act as the pilot for this interlaboratory comparison. For the photovoltaic (PV) field, the key quantity in the calibration of reference PV cells or modules is the short-circuit current of the device generated by a reference solar radiation with 1 kW m-2 total irradiance and with IEC 60904-3 AM1.5G reference solar spectral irradiance distribution. This paper introduces the status of interlaboratory comparison on primary reference solar cell calibration, including selection of the reference laboratory and assigned value, statistical analysis on comparative results, and criteria for performance evaluation, etc. The comparison includes one reference laboratory and two participating laboratories individually belonging to AIST,CMS/ITRI and FMI. The calibration method is conformed to IEC 60904-4:2009. En numbers are used as the performance statistics described in ISO/IEC 17043:2010.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126294139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the NIST Magnetic Suspension Mass Comparator Apparatus and Facility ","authors":"E. Mulhern","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.27","url":null,"abstract":"With the upcoming redefinition of the kilogram set for 2018, National Metrology Institutes are working to identify and reduce uncertainties related to the realization and dissemination of the kilogram. In the current system the kilogram is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) with zero uncertainty. In the \"New SI\", the Watt Balance and Avogadro Experiment will use a fixed value of Planck's constant (zero uncertainty) and realize the kilogram based on that fixed value. The previous uncertainty associated with Planck's constant will essentially be transferred to the kilogram. In addition, the new realization will occur under vacuum and new sources of uncertainty in the dissemination to air will have to be accounted for. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Mass and Force group is developing a unique system for disseminating the kilogram realized in vacuum to air where customers can continue their usage of calibrated masses without affect. Currently, the widely accepted method for vacuum-to-air dissemination involves making measurements in both environments and then building an empirical model to account for the sorption of particles when transferring between vacuum and air. At NIST, a magnetic suspension mass comparator (MSMC) is utilized in order to directly compare a mass in vacuum to a mass in air. In order to meet customers needs it is vital that the uncertainty in our MSMC measurement is well understood so that it can be accounted for. Contributing to the overall uncertainty are uncertainties in the measurement environment, in the suspension apparatus and in the measurement facility itself. To accurately characterize this process, the Mass and Force group has measured the gravitational gradient along the measurement axis, the vibrations of the lab floor and the ambient temperature and humidity stability of the room. Additionally, we have worked to model the stray magnetic fields emanating from the MSMC. This talk will detail the methodology and results of these characterization efforts and explain how each factor influences the final uncertainty budget.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129004228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}