Utkarsha Sheshrao Bulkunde, R. Keshri, G. Buja, H. Suryawanshi
{"title":"Phase Shift Control for V2V Contactless Energy Exchange","authors":"Utkarsha Sheshrao Bulkunde, R. Keshri, G. Buja, H. Suryawanshi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932451","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) is one of the most advancing technology and is being researched for charging of Electric Vehicle (EV). Many charging circuits have been developed for bidirectional energy exchange between Grid and Vehicle whereas, the case of Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) is being explored. Present paper considers the case of contactless energy exchange between two Electric Vehicles. Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) energy transfer is an emerging technology which will enable the transfer of power wirelessly between the two vehicles in case of need. Phase Shift Technique is used for the purpose of control which can control the receiving power of the Vehicle using active power of receiving side converter as feedback for controller without any committed communication link between the two vehicles. Inductive Power transfer technology is being used which is the most convenient option for charging of Electric Vehicle, when distance between the coils is less. The system is validated by performing simulation for 1.5kW WPT circuit on MATLAB/SIMULINK.","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"13 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133112166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sibi Krishnan K, Jithin T J, Prasanth Pathiyil, Vikas Gautam, Jouffroy Michael
{"title":"Methodology to Develop a Real World Driving Cycle for Electric Vehicle Simulation Studies","authors":"Sibi Krishnan K, Jithin T J, Prasanth Pathiyil, Vikas Gautam, Jouffroy Michael","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932471","url":null,"abstract":"Driving cycles play a significant role in the development, testing, and standardization of electric vehicles. Due to the varying complexity to match the balance between economics of scale and economics of scope in the development of electric vehicle components, the role played by driving cycles in determining lifetime, performance, thermal behavior is highly substantial. Federal Test Procedure 72 (FTP 72), FTP 75, Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET), and New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) are a few driving cycles used for emission and range tests for light duty vehicles. This paper discusses a methodology to derive driving cycles from the road load data. A large quantity of data collected from multiple trips are combined and compressed to make a driving cycle that represents the trip characteristics. It is important that the final compressed cycle of short duration should represent the complete data collected from the road. The recorded data were divided into several micro-trips based on the stops. The algorithm then calculates 17 parameters including average speed, maximum speed, average acceleration, and dynamic index for each micro-trip. The candidate micro-trips for final compressed driving cycles are selected comparing the weighted sum of the parameters. Statistical parameters for the collected data are compared and the final driving cycle is created to make sure that it best represents the actual collected data. The driving cycles derived are typically limited to 3600 to 5400 seconds and meticulously customized to cover varied applications of city, highway, and countryside usages. The paper also covers the electric vehicle simulation results of the generated load cycles using a forward-facing simulation model. Test bench-based durability studies with the drive cycle is not included in the paper","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115485160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pedestrian Detection Using YOLOv5 For Autonomous Driving Applications","authors":"Etikala Raja Vikram Reddy, S. Thale","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932534","url":null,"abstract":"Object detection is a branch of computer vision that permits us to detect and classify objects inside image or video. Pedestrian detection is an important segment of object detection, which is one of the the trending issues of computer vision and self-driving cars. Deep learning techniques furnished significantly enhanced results in the area of pedestrian detection. However, most of the literature reveals that the models used for addressing either speed or accuracy. In this paper, we addressed the speed and accuracy in pedestrian detection for autonomous cars. Manual inspection is replaced with a deep learning method, augmented images are exposed to You Look Only Once version 5 (YOLOv5) with activation function which creates a tradeoff between speed of detection and accuracy. This model is the best influential object detection algorithm at the moment to detect pedestrians in public places. The proposed pedestrian detection model is trained with the dataset of 'CityPersons' with 2975 images out of total 5000 images. The experimental analysis proves that the proposed algorithm remarkably improvises the detection speed with 0.011sec/image which can apply to the real time environment with a 46.2% Miss-Rate (MR) on highly occluded city persons dataset among various occlusion levels of it.","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129860330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Compensation Capacitors In P-S Topology for Wireless System with Buck/Boost Converter on Receiver Side","authors":"Ravi Bukya, B. Mangu, B. Bhaskar, J. Ramesh","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932479","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an inductive power transfer method, a battery charger for electric vehicles regulates the battery's current and voltage using a diode bridge rectifier with a dc-dc converter (receiver-side converter). To boost input power factor use compensation capacitors and resonance circuits. In This Paper, designs and analyses of parallel compensation on the transmitter side and series compensation on the receiver side (P/S topology) of wireless power transfer system. In the P-S compensation topology parallel compensation capacitor impacts the switch duty ratio. The receiver-side converter's duty ratio affects resonant-circuit efficiency. Also, the inverter output power factor is impacts by compensation capacitor is connected to input side. The expressions about designing primary-side compensation capacitors of P-S topology for wireless power transfer system. The results shows the optimum capacitance for buck converters is differ from the boost converter.","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134188718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pavitra Shukl, Bhim Singh, A. Chandra, K. Al-haddad
{"title":"EV Charging Concept based on Common DC Bus with Multiple PV Arrays","authors":"Pavitra Shukl, Bhim Singh, A. Chandra, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932453","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the utilization of multiple photovoltaic arrays (PVs) for charging of electric vehicles (EVs). The utilization of multiple PVs is beneficial for load levelling along with harmonics mitigation and EV charging proficiency through off-board charger. The operating principle with variable digital filter based control approach is presented here for three phase multiple solar PV systems. The applications of utilizing multiple PV arrays include uninterrupted charging with backup along with the ability to operate in grid connected and standalone modes of operation. Furthermore, with the rise in the usage of distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewable power, the need for power quality (PQ) improvement is paramount. For the operation in an off-grid mode, the power transfer is achieved through a voltage controller, which allows the satisfactory operation during standalone mode of operation. The corroboration of satisfactory system behavior is obtained during various weak grid conditions.","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123593212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Dual Clamped AC-AC Converter based Inductive Charging System","authors":"Monika Dabkara, Anil Jakhar, A. Verma","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932535","url":null,"abstract":"The high-frequency voltage generation is the prime requirement for inductive power transfer(IPT) systems. Conventionally for the IPT systems, two-stage conversion (AC-DC-AC) is required for the high voltage frequency generation which increases the complexity and efficiency of the system. This paper presents a new dual capacitor clamped AC-AC converter with Series-Series (SS) configuration for the inductive power transfer applications like charging of Electric Vehicles etc. The proposed converter is bi-directional which will be compatible with both V2G and G2V applications. Moreover, an active power de-coupler is also introduced in the proposed converter for smooth charging of the batteries and filter out the power ripple issue of the conventional AC-AC converter. Design aspects and mathematical analysis are explained in the detail also the feasibility of the proposed converter is verified by the simulation and experimental results on MATLAB/Simulink platform as well as on laboratory prototype.","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122091531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A High Power Factor AC-DC Converter with Excellent Performance Characteristics for Electric Vehicle Charging Applications","authors":"J. Gupta, Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932492","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a high-performance charging solution for the electric two-wheelers and three-wheelers, is realized for the effective and enhanced characteristics charging of such vehicles. The presented charging system employs a single switch positive output bridgeless Cuk high power factor converter (HPFC) at the front end and a full bridge current doubler circuit at the back end, to carry out ripple free charging of the battery. Unlike conventional bridgeless Cuk HPFCs, the presented bridgeless Cuk HPFC ensures zero circulating current through antiparallel diode of the switch, zero capacitive coupling loop current, positive output voltage polarity, and incorporates single gate drive circuitry. Further, the current doubler configuration at the battery end, greatly simplifies the transformer design, and reduces the diode conduction losses while maintaining low current ripples in the charging current. Considering these advantages, the charger topology is comprehensively analyzed, and its performance is tested under various operating conditions. Finally, the relevant results are presented for performance verification.","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116974157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Allocation of EV Battery Chargers for Distribution System Loss Minimization","authors":"S. Rathor, D. Saxena, V. Khadkikar","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932450","url":null,"abstract":"Widely available, well-planned, and efficient charging stations (CSs) are vital for developing electric vehicles (EVs) acceptance among the customers and accommodating the consistently increasing EVs penetration. Inappropriate placement of CSs may adversely affect the distribution system in terms of losses, thermal loading, and power quality, increasing operating costs, etc. A CS does not continuously operate at its full capacity, and therefore, the unused capacity of CS can be used to provide reactive power support. The paper proposes the utilization of unused EV chargers as static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) to enhance system performance. This paper aims to optimally locate the EV CSs with the objective of system power loss minimization utilizing unused chargers as STATCOMs. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, two different studies are conducted. The first case deals with the planning stage to find optimal bus locations for CSs. The second case conducts the operational performance in which an optimal power flow study is performed with the different number of available unused chargers at random locations within the optimally selected CSs. The proposed work is validated on the modified IEEE-33 bus radial distribution system.","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126979783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aravind, C. Balamurugan, P. Ramesh, V. A. Mozhi Selvan
{"title":"Studies on Sound Absorption Properties of 3D-Printed Open-Porous PLA Material Structures for Noise Suppression in Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"A. Aravind, C. Balamurugan, P. Ramesh, V. A. Mozhi Selvan","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932543","url":null,"abstract":"Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) of a vehicle are important factors for vehicle users and essential for successful commercialization of HEVs that can provide both substantially improved ride-comfort and reduced energy-consumption. The noise and vibration behavior in hybrid vehicle is significantly different from the conventional vehicle. In conventional vehicles, certain noise phenomena are masked by the engine noise. However, when the combustion engine is turned off in hybrid vehicle, these noise components can become dominant and annoying. While driving, the low frequency interior noise below 2000 Hz causes the main component that irritates the auditory acoustic sense. In order to remove this low frequency noise, passive noise control methods were used using sound absorbing materials or isolating the noise source. However, it is found that the sound absorbing materials are effective only for high-frequency noise compared to low frequency noise. The present work deals with the sound absorption properties of open-porous Polylactic acid (PLA) material structures that were produced using 3D printing technology. The material's ability to damp sound was evaluated based on the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient and the noise reduction coefficient, which were experimentally measured by the transfer function method using an acoustic impedance tube. The present investigation showed that the 3D printed openpore structure are efficient to reduce the noise by absorbing sound.","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127092996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Panda, Viresh S. Patel, A. Mohapatra, S. Mishra, N. Padhy
{"title":"Propagation Delay Calculation in Power Hardware in Loop Simulation","authors":"R. Panda, Viresh S. Patel, A. Mohapatra, S. Mishra, N. Padhy","doi":"10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932459","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation delay decides the closed-loop stability and the simulation accuracy in Power Hardware-in-Loop (PHIL) simulation. This paper calculates the closed-loop propagation delay between the real-time simulator and physical devices while performing the PHIL simulation. The test system is simulated in a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). A regenerative grid simulator acts as a power amplifier to amplify the RTDS signals. Hall effect sensors are used to feedback the physical device signals to the RTDS. The delay introduced by each component in PHIL simulation is computed and verified through experimental setup.","PeriodicalId":162261,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130989244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}