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Epidemic diseases during the World War I and Dr Server Kamil Tokgöz. 第一次世界大战期间的流行病和服务器 Kamil Tokgöz 博士。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/09677720231196571
Mustafa Sarı
{"title":"Epidemic diseases during the World War I and Dr Server Kamil Tokgöz.","authors":"Mustafa Sarı","doi":"10.1177/09677720231196571","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720231196571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Server Kamil became one of the most prominent doctors during the period of the Ottoman Empirey. Server Kamil, who specialized in bacteriology and sanitation, made a name for himself primarily through his fight in the memories against epidemic diseases on the Caucasus front during World War I. He was sent to the Caucasus front as chief physician of Erzurum Red Crescent (Hilâl-i Ahmer) Hospital, and made great efforts to prevent the disease typhus-which was a major problem in the region-as soon as he reached the front line. He worked long and hard to develop a vaccine to prevent typhus, which affects thousands of soldiers and civilians. He also played a pioneering role in establishing important institutions such as the Sivas Smallpox Vaccine Laboratory and the Rabies Treatment Centre, which accomplished significant work and achieved great success both during the World War I and in the period that followed. This article attempts to clarify the activities of Server Kamil on Caucasus front during World War I based on the documents of the Turkish Red Crescent Archive, the reports of the Red Crescent Society.</p>","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"318-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10159097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The unknown and misunderstood life of Ruggero Oddi, the pioneer of biliary system physiology. 胆道系统生理学先驱鲁杰罗-奥迪（Ruggero Oddi）不为人知和被误解的一生。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1177/09677720231188721
Marco Maovaz, Gabriele Di Sante, Desirée Bartolini, Alessandra Pistilli, Anna Maria Stabile, Mario Rende
{"title":"The unknown and misunderstood life of Ruggero Oddi, the pioneer of biliary system physiology.","authors":"Marco Maovaz, Gabriele Di Sante, Desirée Bartolini, Alessandra Pistilli, Anna Maria Stabile, Mario Rende","doi":"10.1177/09677720231188721","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720231188721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ruggero Oddi was a talented scientist who initiated the modern era of biliary system physiology, not only with the anatomical discovery of the hepatopancreatic sphincter, but also with the detailed description of its spinal center and nerve regulation. However, his personal and scientific life were determined by an incredible series of unfortunate circumstances. Until now most of these events have been unknown, while the few known have produced biographies distorted by fake interpretations. The purpose of this article is to document Oddi's biography and scientific production in detail, comprehensively framing the scientific environment in which his discoveries occurred. It clears many misinterpretations about events in Oddi's life and academic career, bringing to a new light his figure as scientist in gastroenterological field.</p>","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"301-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10208367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lest we forget: Dr Lewis John Hurwitz (1926-1971). 我们不能忘记：刘易斯-约翰-赫尔维茨博士（1926-1971 年）。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/09677720231190860
Muhammad Hamza Shah, Ashna Arif
{"title":"Lest we forget: Dr Lewis John Hurwitz (1926-1971).","authors":"Muhammad Hamza Shah, Ashna Arif","doi":"10.1177/09677720231190860","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720231190860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"351-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11385642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9865718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
'Disciples of Aesclepius': Glimpses into lives of the 'Gentlemen of the Faculty' of medicine in Brighton, England 1800-1809. “埃斯克勒庇俄斯的门徒”:窥探1800-1809年英国布莱顿医学院“绅士们”的生活。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/09677720221131946
Maxwell John Cooper, Carl Fernandes, Benjamin Whiston
{"title":"'Disciples of Aesclepius': Glimpses into lives of the 'Gentlemen of the Faculty' of medicine in Brighton, England 1800-1809.","authors":"Maxwell John Cooper, Carl Fernandes, Benjamin Whiston","doi":"10.1177/09677720221131946","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720221131946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we present newspaper accounts from the Sussex Advertiser to consider hitherto largely unknown Brighton doctors active between 1800 and 1809. This body of physicians, surgeons and apothecaries comprised Brighton's 'Gentlemen of the [medical] Faculty', whom the newspaper also dubbed the 'Disciples of Aesclepius'. Members are considered under three broad categories. First, are Brighton-based clinicians (Mr Barratt, Mr Bond, Charles Bankhead, Thomas Guy, John Hall, John Newton, Benjamin Scutt and Sir Matthew Tierney). Second are London clinicians, probably in attendance to the Prince of Wales (John Hunter and Thomas Keate), More widely, two dentists (Dr Durlacher and Mr Bew) and two Royal Navy surgeons (Robert Chambers and Thomas Thong) also recorded at Brighton are considered. Other aspects of medical life are described: recruiting an apprentice, anatomy training at Joshua Brooke's London museum, midwifery, a description of a surgeon's bag and the last reference to the Royal Sussex Jennerian Society (which disappears from the newspaper record in 1807). Clinical cases described include: resuscitation from near-drowning, post-mortem examinations, death from the 'gravel and stone' and accounts of suicide. The primary sources presented in this paper offer rare glimpses into medical life in Brighton at the very start of the nineteenth century.</p>","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":"1 1","pages":"285-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11385542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43802694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Louis Farabeuf (1841-1910): Anatomist and inventor of surgical procedures and instruments. 路易-法拉比夫（1841-1910 年）：解剖学家，外科手术和器械的发明者。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/09677720231177681
Rafael Romero-Reverón, Theodorakys Marín Fermín
{"title":"Louis Farabeuf (1841-1910): Anatomist and inventor of surgical procedures and instruments.","authors":"Rafael Romero-Reverón, Theodorakys Marín Fermín","doi":"10.1177/09677720231177681","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720231177681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Louis Hubert Farabeuf (1841-1910) was a reformer of clinical, surgical, and topographic human anatomy studies during the second half of the 19th century. Over 30 years as a professor of Anatomy, Farabeuf wrote outstanding anatomical textbooks. As the head of Anatomic Studies in the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, he succeeded in leading a profound restructuring of the way anatomy and surgery were taught. As a result of his work and research, several anatomical terms, clinical signs, and surgical instruments were named after him. For his outstanding career in anatomy, he was elected to the Academy of Medicine in 1897.</p>","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"296-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physician and diplomat in the Ottoman palace: Solomon Ben Nathan Ashkenazi (1520-1602). 奥斯曼帝国皇宫的医生和外交官：所罗门-本-内森-阿什肯纳齐（1520-1602 年）。
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/09677720231190892
Menderes Kurt
{"title":"Physician and diplomat in the Ottoman palace: Solomon Ben Nathan Ashkenazi (1520-1602).","authors":"Menderes Kurt","doi":"10.1177/09677720231190892","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720231190892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to shed light on the role of Solomon ben Nathan Ashkenazi, an Ottoman Jewish physician, in Ottoman diplomacy. Despite being a German-born Jew and practicing medicine for several years, Ashkenazi played a crucial part in Ottoman relations with Venice and Poland after arriving in Istanbul. The study explores how Ashkenazi, a physician by profession, attained the position of diplomat and examines the reasons behind his involvement in Ottoman foreign relations. While it is common for Ottoman Jewish physicians to be involved in Ottoman foreign affairs, Ashkenazi's example provides valuable insight into the mechanisms and motivations behind their participation in Ottoman diplomacy. The study shows that Jewish physicians in the Ottoman Empire contributed to Ottoman medicine with their medical expertise and played a significant role in bridging the gap in Ottoman-European relations with their diplomatic skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"308-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10259375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A family at war: The life and times of Frank McLardy, pharmacist. 战争中的家庭药剂师弗兰克-麦克拉迪的生平与时代。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/09677720231167794
Chris Jones
{"title":"A family at war: The life and times of Frank McLardy, pharmacist.","authors":"Chris Jones","doi":"10.1177/09677720231167794","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720231167794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>George Francis 'Frank' McLardy (1915-1981) was a pharmacist who lived in Formby in the 1930s. He came from an unremarkable lower middle-class family and enjoyed considerable success at school and later at technical college and pharmacy school. He became a qualified pharmacist just before the war broke. He volunteered for the army and was sent to France with the British Expeditionary Force. In France, he witnessed the collapse of the allied forces and was quickly captured. He spent the rest of the war in Poland and in Germany. This was the fate of many young men during the war. What makes McLardy's case unique is that, prior to the war, had a very active role in the Liverpool district of the British Union of Fascists and, while a prisoner of war (POW) he offered to work for the Germans against the Russians and visited POW camps recruiting British men for a unit which aimed to go to the eastern front and fight in German uniforms. Moreover, he did all this while still actively using his qualification as a pharmacist.</p>","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"205-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9247711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disease versus disease: Paolo Zacchia on syphilis and epilepsy. 疾病与疾病：保罗-扎奇亚（Paolo Zacchia）谈梅毒与癫痫。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/09677720221129856
Jacalyn Duffin, Daryn Lehoux
{"title":"Disease versus disease: Paolo Zacchia on syphilis and epilepsy.","authors":"Jacalyn Duffin, Daryn Lehoux","doi":"10.1177/09677720221129856","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720221129856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lawyer and physician Paolo Zacchia (1584-1659) was the chief physician at the Vatican and an important advisor to the papal court. He is considered a founder of the field of forensic pathology, and the influence of his masterwork, <i>Quaestiones medico-legales</i>, spread throughout Europe. In this essay, we focus on one of Zacchia's consultations, first published posthumously in 1661. Emerging from a cause for beatification, the case features the intriguing medical notion of one disease curing another. Zacchia was to determine if a young man's recovery from epilepsy was miraculous or not. We will briefly review Zacchia's career, examine his argument and the sources on which he based his reasoning in this case, trace the status of the disease-versus-disease notion to the present, and demonstrate that this consultation represents a rare, if not the only example of syphilis being the curative agent - rather than the disease cured.</p>","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11151704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10343443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An ophthalmologist fought against trachoma in Turkey and his books from an archive: Dr Nuri Fehmi Ayberk and The Development of Ophthalmology in Turkey. 一位在土耳其与沙眼斗争的眼科医生及其档案中的书籍：努里-费米-艾伯克博士和《土耳其眼科的发展》。
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/09677720231177292
Çağatay Üstün, Seçil Özçiftçi
{"title":"An ophthalmologist fought against trachoma in Turkey and his books from an archive: Dr Nuri Fehmi Ayberk and The Development of Ophthalmology in Turkey.","authors":"Çağatay Üstün, Seçil Özçiftçi","doi":"10.1177/09677720231177292","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720231177292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dr Nuri Fehmi Ayberk is an influential figure in the Turkish ophthalmology in training new specialists in the field and contributing to the fight against trachoma. This article includes his short biography, studies, information and cover pictures of some of his works from the original archive of Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of History of Medicine and Ethics, Fatma-Ömer Ekimci Library. He took an active role in the establishment of the Turkish Ophthalmological Association in our country (1928) and served as a founding member. Conducting such studies on the biographies and rare books subgroup of the history of medicine is an important contribution to ensure that the biographies of physicians who have left their mark in the past and have achieved success in different specialties are narrated, remembered, and the information and cover pictures of their works in different archives meet with the reader.</p>","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"181-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9865321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hideo Fukumi: Medical research in the shadow of biological warfare. Hideo Fukumi：生物战阴影下的医学研究
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/09677720231167784
Xianliang Dong
{"title":"Hideo Fukumi: Medical research in the shadow of biological warfare.","authors":"Xianliang Dong","doi":"10.1177/09677720231167784","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720231167784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hideo Fukumi (1914-1998) is renowned for his position as the director of Japan's National Institute of Health and his scientific contributions to the fields of bacteriology, virology and epidemiology. This article introduces Fukumi's career cultivated over decades in the Japanese national medical system and focuses on his research on <i>Shigella</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> and influenza. Yet any assessment of his career also has to take into account the considerable controversy and scandal it engendered. This necessary reassessment situates Fukumi's contribution within what has been revealed of Japan's biological weapons programme which reached its zenith during the Second World War. Very few scientists, including Fukumi, were prosecuted for their roles in this programme. Contrarily, they became core personnel in post-war medical research due to the patronage of the United States-Japan alliance in the context of the Cold War. Controversies that later surfaced over Fukumi's role in influenza immunisation campaigns reflect two currents of debate: A belated reckoning with Japan's use of biological weapons and the way this was 'normalised' and overlooked in the post-war period. The role of Japanese scholars and citizens' movements who have interrogated Japanese war crimes and the U.S. cover-ups and made a demand for greater ethical transparency in medical science.</p>","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"194-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9234302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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