Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The implications of residential air conditioning refrigerant choice on future hydrofluorocarbon consumption in the United States.","authors":"David S Godwin,&nbsp;Rebecca Ferenchiak","doi":"10.1080/1943815x.2020.1768551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815x.2020.1768551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the primary alternative to ozone-depleting refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have increased in use and emissions in the United States. A significant increase in this use and emissions, and a large portion of total U.S. HFC consumption, is expected due to the use of HFCs in residential air conditioning (RAC). The RAC market primarily relied upon chlorodifluoromethane, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) commonly referred to as HCFC-22, whose consumption is being phased out globally under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and under national regulations such as the Clean Air Act in the United States. The RAC market today relies on HFCs, most often R-410A (a blend of difluoromethane, known as HFC-32, and pentafluoroethane, known as HFC-125) for new equipment, but older units using HCFC-22 remain to be replaced. The RAC industry is investigating multiple alternatives with global warming potentials (GWPs) significantly below that of R-410A. Research has been conducted by chemical producers, air conditioner and component manufacturers, national government laboratories, academia, and consortium efforts such as the Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program administered by an industry trade organization. Various low-GWP alternatives have been suggested with GWPs of approximately 750 and below. This paper models HFC consumption in the United States and investigates industry-wide HFC reduction measures across sectors that have transitioned from ozone-depleting substances to HFCs. Under various scenarios of such measures, this paper shows that future RAC refrigerants will strongly influence industry efforts to reduce U.S. HFC consumption. RAC refrigerants with GWPs in the 150-750 range are investigated to estimate future HFC consumption levels in the United States. The transition to refrigerants with GWPs in the 150-750 range can provide significant reduction in HFC consumption in the United States. These reductions are not just reliant on manufacturers introducing new equipment with low-GWP alternatives. The service industries, responsible for repairing leaks and recovering refrigerant, play a vital role in reducing HFC consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1943815x.2020.1768551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38885858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From polarization to reluctant acceptance–bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and the post-normalization of the climate debate","authors":"Simon Haikola, A. Hansson, Jonas Anshelm","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2019.1579740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2019.1579740","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper covers the public debate on BECCS (bioenergy with carbon capture and storage) between 2008 and 2018. Through a qualitative analysis of around 800 feature articles, editorials, and opinion pieces published in English, German, Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian in news media and debates sections of scientific media, we highlight conspicuous aspects of the debate and relate them to the theoretical concept of post-normal science. We find that the debate is characterized by an emphasis on values, scientific uncertainty and the integrity of science, premised on a pervading sense of urgency. To a significant extent, the debate can be understood as a “normal” view of science questioning what it perceives to be unscientific model-based climate scenarios, and the scenarios, in turn, can be seen as a response to post-normal circumstances. The urgency permeating the debate provides conditions for open debate about ethical and epistemological uncertainty. The debate goes through a period of polarization – corroborating findings from previous studies on the climate science debate after COP21 – between an intense critique of BECCS inclusion in climate scenarios and reluctant acceptance thereof. Towards the end of the studied period, emphasis shifts towards reluctant acceptance, indicating that post-normal debate may only occur as a temporary state always tending towards new consensus.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81712439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting the mechanisms of longitudinal salt transport during spring tides in Qiantang Estuary","authors":"Ruohua Li, Liang Gao, C. Pan, Y. Pang","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2019.1652190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2019.1652190","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Saltwater intrusion has immediate influences on the water resources utilization, aquatic environment and ecological system. Hence, it is essential to detect the mechanisms of salt transport. This study adopted observations including instantaneous flow velocities, tide levels and salinity during 10 tide cycles at 2 stations in upstream and downstream of Qiantang Estuary in China. The variables of instantaneous flow velocity and salinity were decomposed into the time-average, time-varying and vertical-varying components using the flux decomposition model. Then, the salt flux components attributed to various physical processes were quantified. During spring tides, the longitudinal salt transport is controlled by advection transport and tidal pumping transport in the upper river reaches, while being mainly controlled by advection transport in the lower river reaches. The net water flow fluxes and salt fluxes are landward in the lower river reaches. However, the transport direction of the salt fluxes is inconsistent with that of the net water flow fluxes in the upper river reaches, where the net water flow fluxes are mainly seaward while the net salt fluxes are mainly landward. In general, there are significant positive correlations between the net landward salt flux and the tidal range. Thus, the tidal range can be used as an important indicator for determining the required amount of freshwater to be discharged from the reservoir in order to resist saltwater intrusion. The vertical distribution of salt in Qiantang Estuary is relatively uniform. The vertical shear force has limited influence on the salt transport. The research results are expected to supply a reference to future research on other macro-tide estuaries.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78121762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From sustainable drinking water to tsunami hazards: modelling water science for impact","authors":"Xiaogang He, Jillian Student, C. Kroeze","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2019.1707371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2019.1707371","url":null,"abstract":"Humanities are facing unprecedented water-related challenges towards future sustainable development. These challenges range from droughts, to floods, tsunami, water crises, and extreme precipitatio...","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86138267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of climate change on tsunami-like solitary wave inundation over fringing reefs","authors":"Ke-qi Shao, Weijie Liu, Yangyang Gao, Yue Ning","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2019.1614071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2019.1614071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The protective capability of fringing reefs against tsunami hazards has been reported in numerous post-disaster surveys. It is believed that global warming is changing the water level over the reef flat and reef surface roughness by sea-level rise and coral bleaching. For a better understanding of the influence of climate change on tsunami hazards over fringing reefs, this study utilized a shock-capturing Boussinesq wave model, FUNWAVE-TVD, to simulate the tsunami-like solitary wave propagation and run-up over fringing reefs. Calibrated and validated by the newly obtained experimental data, the present model with shock-capturing scheme, in which only the ratio of wave height to water depth is used to trigger wave breaking, shows reasonable prediction of solitary wave transformation and run-up height over sharply varying reef bathymetry. Numerical experiments were then carried out to investigate the effects of sea-level rise and degrading of the reef surface roughness on the solitary wave inundation distance and fluid force distribution in the inundation zone. Numerical results clearly demonstrate how tsunami hazards change within the inundation zone in response to higher water levels and lower reef roughness and suggest climate change, especially sea-level rise, will significantly increase tsunami hazards in the low-lying areas of the reef-lined coasts. Presented results are discussed for the effects of sea-level rise and coral bleaching on the solitary wave process and implications to further improve the resilience under the threat of climate change.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80237275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic drivers of pig production and their effects on achieving sustainable development goals in China","authors":"Z. Bai, Jun Zhao, Zhibiao Wei, X. Jin, Lin Ma","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2019.1671463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2019.1671463","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding changes in livestock production and their relationship with socio-economic and environmental impacts is important for exploring the pathways towards sustainable development goals (SDGs) of food systems. We used pig production in China as a case study to evaluate how socio-economic indicators influence pig production and nutrient losses using the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and Gini index. The recent acceleration in pig production is driven by an increase in average consumption of pig products per capita and government policies that support new pig production systems. The relationship between the rapid growth of worldwide pig production and its environmental impacts can be described using the EKC. The turning point in the EKC, i.e. the average income at which environmental degradation starts to decrease, is estimated to be USD 15–35 000 per capita when the pig production density is greater than 5.0 head per hectare of arable land. China’s pig production has not yet reached the EKC turning point; however, given the uneven distribution of pig production systems and supply chains (feed and water) and the limited land availability for utilizing manure nutrients, the continued increasing demand for pork in China will inevitably result in continued environmental degradation. The EKC turning point should be reached earlier than the global average level, especially as environmental regulation has been reinforced since 2014. Future government policies and regulations that optimize geographical locations for sustainable pig production (i.e. better spatial planning) and support improved manure nutrient management at both regional and farm levels are required.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79916206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic impact assessment method for rainstorm waterlogging using land-use data","authors":"Xiaochen Zhu, Bo Zhou, Xinfa Qiu, Yan Zeng, W. Ren, Shoubo Li, Yong Wang, Xinming Wang, Youjie Jin","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2019.1707232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2019.1707232","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As a result of rapid urbanization and climate change, many large- and medium-sized cities in China frequently undergo urban disasters with severe impacts that result in many casualties, induce significant economic losses, and restrict sustainable social and economic development. Providing timely and accurate early warnings is the most effective measure for disaster prevention and mitigation before such disasters can impose severe impacts. In this study, we propose a dynamic impact assessment method for rainstorm waterlogging using land-use data. First, based on a detailed collection of disaster prevention and mitigation data, we construct an impact assessment index based on the assessment objects of this study. Then, a waterlogging simulation is performed, and the simulation results are found to meet the assessment requirements. Finally, we conduct an impact assessment every half hour during a heavy rainfall event and evaluate the performance of the proposed method by assessing the socioeconomic impact, object impact, industry impact, regional impact, and comprehensive impact of the event. These assessments produce valuable information for providing diverse and timely services in the event of urban waterlogging.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79711607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of satellite-based products for extreme rainfall estimations in the eastern coastal areas of China","authors":"Qin Jiang, Weiyue Li, J. Wen, Zedong Fan, Yunnan Chen, M. Scaioni, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2019.1707233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2019.1707233","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Remotely sensed rainfall plays an important role in providing efficient approaches for global or regional rainfall analysis. However, the accuracy of satellite-based products is mainly affected by the errors in sensor observation and retrieval algorithms, particularly with respect to extreme rainfall estimates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of satellite-based products in capturing rainfall extremes. The eastern coastal areas of China were chosen as the case study area to compare the accuracy of three mainstream satellite-based products with respect to extreme rainfall estimates during 2003–2015 period. This included the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) rainfall product 3B42V7, the Climate Prediction Centre Morphing technique RAW (CMORPH-RAW), and the CMORPH bias-corrected product (CMORPH-CRT). In general, all satellite-based products demonstrated numerous errors in extreme rainfall estimates. Based on three different indices of extreme rainfall, it was observed that the satellite-based products underestimated the amounts of rainfall extremes and their respective average values. It was noted that CMORPH-RAW demonstrated the largest relative bias (RB) and underestimated the average extreme rainfall by −31% to −35%. Additionally, all satellite-based products exhibited poor capabilities in capturing the variations in hourly extreme rainfall processes. Finally, a simple potential flood index was developed to simulate the potential flood areas in the eastern coastal areas of China. We found that the potential flood areas can be simulated by combining the potential flood index with the amounts of rainfall derived by satellite-based products.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86336856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards sustainable drinking water abstraction: an integrated sustainability assessment framework to support local adaptation planning","authors":"Jolijn van Engelenburg, Erik van Slobbe, P. Hellegers","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2019.1636284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2019.1636284","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Globally, groundwater is the major drinking water resource. Improving the sustainability of groundwater abstraction for drinking water calls for adaptation on a local scale. The aim of this research is to develop a locally oriented, integrated sustainability assessment framework to support the adaptation planning process for local drinking water abstractions. The framework uses 45 socio-economic, physical and technical sustainability criteria. Future developments that affect the sustainability of local drinking water abstractions are the increasing water demand, land use change, climate change and soil energy transition. Based on the sustainability challenges of local drinking water abstractions, water saving, protection and restoration of raw water quality, mitigation or reduction of impact of abstraction and improvement of supply security are identified as adaptation strategies. To illustrate the proposed approach the sustainability assessment framework was applied to two local drinking water abstractions in the Netherlands. The paper concludes that the proposed framework provides decision- makers with a transparent understanding of trade-offs that decisions have, and the information generated by the framework supports a careful balancing of relevant aspects playing a role in a decision on adapting local drinking water abstractions. Further development and upscaling of the proposed framework to a drinking water company’s level will contribute to sustainable development of drinking water abstraction on a strategic level.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85594608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of environmental sanitation management for sustainable livelihoods in the catchment area of Benya Lagoon in Ghana","authors":"Justice Mensah, F. Enu-kwesi","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2018.1554591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2018.1554591","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study explored the implications of environmental sanitation for three coastal livelihood activities, namely fishing, tourism and salt production. Qualitative data were collected from purposively selected respondents through key informant interviews and focus group discussions, and analysed using thematic and most significant stories approaches. The study found that sanitation affected livelihoods associated with tourism, fishing and salt production through its implications for health, productivity, income, job security and sustainability of the physical environment. However, while virtually all respondents acknowledged the effect of sanitation on human capital through the health implications, a substantial part of the people who eked their living from the stated livelihood activities did not appreciate the link between sanitation and these livelihood avenues. Sanitation behavioural change communication messaging by the responsible actors should, therefore, stress the relevance of sanitation not only for human health but also the linkage between sanitation and sustainable livelihood in its entirety.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84126374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}