Journal of Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"A detector system for `absolute' measurements of fission cross sections at n_TOF in the energy range below 200 MeV","authors":"Pirovano, E., Manna, A., Aberle, O., Amaducci, S., Colonna, N., Camprini, P. Console, Cosentino, L., Dietz, M., Ducasse, Q., Finocchiaro, P., Massimi, C., Mengoni, A., Nolte, R., Radeck, D., Tassan-Got, L., Terranova, N., Vannini, G.","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11011","url":null,"abstract":"A new measurement of the $^{235}$U(n,f) cross section was performed at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN. The experiment focused on neutron energies from 20 MeV to several hundred MeV, and was normalized to neutron scattering on hydrogen. This is a measurement first of its kind at this facility, in an energy range that was until now not often explored, so the detector development phase was crucial for its success. Two detectors are presented, a parallel plate fission chamber (PPFC) and a recoil proton telescope (RPT), both dedicated to perform measurements in the incident neutron energy range from 30 MeV to 200 MeV. The experiment was designed to minimize statistical uncertainties in the allocated run time. Several efforts were made to ensure that the systematic effects were understood and under control. The results show that the detectors are suited for measurements at n_TOF above 30 MeV, and indicate the path for possible future lines of development.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"233 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detective quantum efficiency of a double-layered detector for dual-energy x-ray imaging","authors":"Hubeom Shin, Seungjun Yoo, Seokwon Oh, Junho Lee, Ho Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A sandwich-like double-layered detector can perform dual-energy imaging (DEI) using a single x-ray exposure without object motion artifacts. The energy separation between measurements obtained from the front and rear-detector layers can be tuned by introducing an x-ray beam-attenuating material between them. However, the design of the interdetector filter significantly influences dose efficiency by altering the number of x-ray photons reaching the rear-detector layer within the sandwich detector. Since the sandwich detector typically incorporates phosphors of differing thicknesses for its two detector layers, it exhibits a unique spatial resolution characteristic in the reconstructed dual-energy (DE) images. To comprehensively assess detector performance in terms of design (filter) and operation (reconstruction), we established a framework that describes the dual-energy detective quantum efficiency (DE-DQE) using linear-systems theory. The developed DE-DQE model was validated through comparison with measurements. The agreement between the modulation-transfer functions was reasonable, and the correspondence between noise-power spectra was excellent. This proposed DE-DQE concept is universally applicable to any linearly operating DE system and holds a significant value in enhancing the performance of sandwich detectors or ensuring their optimal operation.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a ²²⁰Rn source for low-energy electronic recoil calibration of the XENONnT detector","authors":"Florian Jörg, Shengchao Li, Jochen Schreiner, Hardy Simgen, Rafael F. Lang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11009","url":null,"abstract":"Low-background liquid xenon detectors are utilized in the investigation of rare events, including dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. For their calibration, gaseous 220Rn can be used. After being introduced into the xenon, its progeny isotope 212Pb induces homogeneously distributed, low-energy (<30 keV) electronic recoil interactions. We report on the characterization of such a source for use in the XENONnT experiment. It consists of four commercially available 228Th sources with an activity of 55 kBq. These sources provide a high 220Rn emanation rate of about 8 kBq. We find no indication for the release of the long-lived 228Th above 1.7 mBq. Though an unexpected 222Rn emanation rate of about 3.6 mBq is observed, this source is still in line with the requirements for the XENONnT experiment.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"7 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absolute value measurement of ion-scale turbulence by two-dimensional phase contrast imaging in Large Helical Device","authors":"T. Kinoshita, K. Tanaka, H. Sakai, R. Yanai, M. Nunami, C.A. Michael","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Absolute value measurements of turbulence amplitude in magnetically confined high-temperature plasmas can effectively explain turbulence-driven transport characteristics and their role in plasma confinements. Two-dimensional phase contrast imaging (2D-PCI) is a technique to evaluate the space-time spectrum of ion-scale electron density fluctuation. However, absolute value measurement of turbulence amplitude has not been conducted owing to the nonlinearity of the detector. In this study, the absolute measurement method proposed in the previous study is applied to turbulence measurement results in the large helical device. As a result, the localized turbulence amplitude at n e = 1.5 × 10 19 m -3 is approximately 3.5 × 10 15 m -3 , which is 0.02% of the electron density. In addition, the evaluated poloidal wavenumber spectrum is almost consistent, within a certain error range, the spectrum being calculated using a nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation. This result is the first to the best of our knowledge to quantitatively evaluate turbulence amplitudes measured by 2D-PCI and compare with simulations.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"11 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of dual-energy material decomposition technique in stationary CT baggage scanner withπ-angle sparsity for enhancing threat detection","authors":"Jiyong Shim, Youngjo Kim, Hyesun Yang, Hyosung Cho, Kwangyun Choi","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two-dimensional X-ray inspection systems are widely used in aviation security applications; however, they have inherent limitations in recognizing the three-dimensional (3D) shapes of hidden objects. Therefore, there is a growing demand for the implementation of advanced 3D X-ray inspection systems at airports for more accurate detection of threats in luggage and personal belongings. In this study, we designed a new stationary computed tomography (CT) baggage scanner with π -angle sparsity (i.e., 20 pairs of X-ray sources and line detectors were placed within a scan angle of 180°) and compressed sensing (CS)-based reconstruction, and implemented a dual-energy material decomposition (DEMD) technique in the proposed system to separate soft and dense materials of an examined object to enhance threat detection. To validate the efficacy of the proposed approach (CS/180°/P20), we conducted a feasibility study using numerical simulation before its practical implementation. Polychromatic projections were emulated at X-ray tube voltages of 60 and 140 kV p , and DEMD was applied to the projections prior to CT reconstruction. Conventional and dual-energy CT images were reconstructed using both standard filtered-backprojection (FBP) and state-of-the-art CS-based algorithms to compare the image quality. According to our simulation results, the CS-reconstructed images were almost unaffected by the clearly evident streak artifacts on the FBP-reconstructed images because of the use of 20 extreme sparse-view projections, and the image quality of the dual-energy CT images obtained using the proposed CT configuration was similar to that obtained using the conventional CT configuration with 720 dense projections, indicating the efficacy of the proposed approach. Consequently, high-quality dual-energy CT images of soft and dense materials were successfully obtained using the proposed stationary CT configuration.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"10 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response of an Al-¹⁰B₄C coupled neutron detector based on PIPS technology to Cf-252","authors":"C. Zhang, G. Wu, Z. Li, H. Li, Z. Lu, H. Zhang, X. Wang, R. Li, C. Chen, F. Liu, Y. Qiu, Y. Guo","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After decades of discussions, it has been firmly established that detectors made of silicon-based semiconductor materials can be effectively used for neutron detection by simply coating them with suitable substances. The incident thermal neutrons interact with the coating neutron-sensitive materials such as 10 B and 6 LiF, resulting in the production of secondary charged particles which can be effectively detected in the sequencial silicon substrate. In this article, the detector system was designed with a coupled neutron detector structure which combined a silicon detector with a 10 B 4 C film in various forms. The 10 B 4 C layer was deposited on the substract with electron beam evaporation method. Two kinds of structrue were discussed: (1) one was the direct contact neutron detector by depositing 10 B 4 C directly onto the front surface of silicon-based detectors; (2) the other was the coupled neutron detectors by depositing 10 B 4 C onto substrates made from different materials such as Al and glass which then coupled with silicon-based detectors. The responses of these neutron detectors to neutrons (Cf-252) were measured individually. It's showen that the detection capability of direct contact neutron detectors was lower than the coupled neutron detectors. For the coupled detectors, the detector by depositing 10 B 4 C on the aluminum substrate was found to be superior than that by depositing 10 B 4 C on the glass substrate.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of flat-bottom holes in composite materials using multi-dimensional complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition algorithm","authors":"Yan Zhang, Zhaoming Li, Jin Wang, Tengda Zhang, Yuzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/t11002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/t11002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to high-temperature resistance, high strength, and excellent fatigue resistance, composite materials are widely used in automotive manufacturing, aerospace, infrastructure and other fields. Consequently, the demand for defect detection of composite materials is also increasing. As a non-destructive testing technique, the active infrared thermography, which can achieve full-field defect detection, is suitable for defect detection of composite materials. However, this method is susceptible to noises caused by the environment and heating sources. In order to solve the problem of the defect signal being submerged by these noises, a multi-dimensional complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (MCEEMD) algorithm is introduced in this paper. This method can decompose the signal into the low-frequency background noise, the high-frequency heating noise, and useful defect signals, and these noises can be easily removed to improve the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of defect images. Based on this proposed method, a defect detection experiment on the carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is performed in this paper, and experimental results show that the method can effectively remove environmental noise and heating noise, and it can detect 11 out of 12 defects on the CFRP sample with an average CNR of 9.107. Compared with the traditional differential absolute contrast method, this method can detect one additional small defect with the aspect ratio of 1.67 and one deep defect with a depth of 2 mm.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"3 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beam test result of the sealed MRPC prototype for CEE-eTOF","authors":"Botan Wang, Haoqian Xu, Kai Sun, Daming Liu, Dong Han, Yi Wang, Lei Zhao, Baohong Guo, Hexiang Wang, Shiya Huang","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report the beam test and result of the sealed Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) for the external Time of Flight (eTOF) wall of the Cooler-strorage-ring External-target Experiment (CEE). The test stand detects the secondary charged particles produced from heavy ion collisions in the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), and it serves as a joint evaluation of the future CEE system, including the detectors, readout electronics, data acquisition, trigger system, etc. The collision is achieved by a Fe beam and a Fe target, with an estimated beam energy of 300 MeV/u. The sealed MRPC prototypes work stably during the test with a 20 sccm low gas flow. The whole test system is triggered from the channel multiplicity provided by the TOF detectors. A tracking method is implemented to the analysis in order to resolve the events with multiple tracks on the detectors. The result shows that the detectors reach 98% efficiency at their working point. With proper corrections, the time resolution is evaluated to be 60 ps, which fulfills the requirement to the eTOF wall.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"38 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon Carbide Timepix3 detector for quantum-imaging detection and spectral tracking of charged particles in wide range of energy and field-of-view","authors":"A. Novak, C. Granja, A. Sagatova, J. Jakubek, B. Zatko, V. Vondracek, M. Andrlik, V. Zach, S. Polansky, A. Rathi, C. Oancea","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The hybrid architecture of the Timepix (TPX) family of detectors enables the use of different semiconductor sensors, most commonly silicon (Si), as well as high-density materials such as Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) or Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). For this purpose, we explore the potential of a silicon carbide (SiC) sensor bump-bonded on a Timepix3 detector as a radiation imaging and particle tracking detector. SiC stands as a radiation-hard material also with the ability to operate at elevated temperatures up to several hundreds of degrees Celsius. As a result, this sensor material is more suitable for radiation harsh environments compared to conventional e.g., Si sensors. In this work, we evaluate the response for precise radiation spectrometry and high-resolution particle tracking of newly developed SiC Timepix3 detector which is built and operated as a compact radiation camera MiniPIX-Timepix3 with integrated readout electronics. Calibration measurements were conducted with mono-energetic proton beams with energies of 13, 22, and 31 MeV at the U-120M cyclotron at the Nuclear Physics Institute Czech Academy of Science (NPI CAS), Prague, as well as 100 and 226 MeV at the Proton Therapy Center Czech (PTC) in Prague. High-resolution pattern recognition analysis and single-particle spectral tracking are used for detailed inspection and understanding of the sensor response. Results include distributions of deposited energy and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra. The spatial uniformity of the pixelated detector response is examined in terms of homogeneously distributed deposited energy.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"304 1-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast b-tagging at the high-level trigger of the ATLAS experiment in LHC Run 3","authors":"Georges Aad, Braden Keim Abbott, Kira Abeling, Nils Julius Abicht, Haider Abidi, Asmaa Aboulhorma, Halina Abramowicz, Henso Abreu, Yiming Abulaiti, Angel Abusleme, Bobby Samir Acharya, Claire Adam Bourdarios, Leszek Adamczyk, Lukas Adamek, Sagar Addepalli, Matt Addison, Jahred Adelman, Aytul Adiguzel, Tim Adye, Tony Affolder, Yoav Afik, Merve Nazlim Agaras, Jinky Agarwala, Anamika Aggarwal, Catalin Agheorghiesei, Ammara Ahmad, Faig Ahmadov, Waleed Syed Ahmed, Sudha Ahuja, Xiaocong Ai, Giulio Aielli, Arya Aikot, Malak Ait Tamlihat, Brahim Aitbenchikh, Iakov Aizenberg, Melike Akbiyik, Torsten Akesson, Andrei Akimov, Daiya Akiyama, Nilima Nilesh Akolkar, Konie Al Khoury, Gian Luigi Alberghi, Justin Albert, Pietro Albicocco, Guillaume Lucas Albouy, Sara Alderweireldt, Martin Aleksa, Igor Alexandrov, Calin Alexa, Theodoros Alexopoulos, Fabrizio Alfonsi, Malte Algren, Muhammad Alhroob, Babar Ali, Hanadi Ali, Shahzad Ali, Samuel William Alibocus, Malik Aliev, Gianluca Alimonti, Wael Alkakhi, Corentin Allaire, Benedict Allbrooke, Julia Frances Allen, Cristian Andres Allendes Flores, Philip Patrick Allport, Alberto Aloisio, Francisco Alonso, Cristiano Alpigiani, Manuel Alvarez Estevez, Adrian Alvarez Fernandez, Mario Alves Cardoso, Mariagrazia Alviggi, Mohamed Aly, Yara Do Amaral Coutinho, Alessandro Ambler, Christoph Amelung, Maximilian Amerl, Christoph Ames, Dante Amidei, Susana Patricia Amor dos Santos, Kieran Robert Amos, Viktor Ananiev, Christos Anastopoulos, Timothy Robert Andeen, John Kenneth Anders, Stefio Yosse Andrean, Attilio Andreazza, Stylianos Angelidakis, Aaron Angerami, Alexey Anisenkov, Alberto Annovi, Claire Antel, Matthew Thomas Anthony, Egor Antipov, Mario Antonelli, Fabio Anulli, Masato Aoki, Takumi Aoki, Javier Alberto Aparisi Pozo, Marco Aparo","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ATLAS experiment relies on real-time hadronic jet reconstruction and b -tagging to record fully hadronic events containing b -jets. These algorithms require track reconstruction, which is computationally expensive and could overwhelm the high-level-trigger farm, even at the reduced event rate that passes the ATLAS first stage hardware-based trigger. In LHC Run 3, ATLAS has mitigated these computational demands by introducing a fast neural-network-based b -tagger, which acts as a low-precision filter using input from hadronic jets and tracks. It runs after a hardware trigger and before the remaining high-level-trigger reconstruction. This design relies on the negligible cost of neural-network inference as compared to track reconstruction, and the cost reduction from limiting tracking to specific regions of the detector. In the case of Standard Model HH → bb̅bb̅ , a key signature relying on b -jet triggers, the filter lowers the input rate to the remaining high-level trigger by a factor of five at the small cost of reducing the overall signal efficiency by roughly 2%.","PeriodicalId":16184,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Instrumentation","volume":"212 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}