Journal of Manufacturing Processes最新文献

{"title":"A 3D anomaly detection method based on multiscale point features for defects in vehicle stamped parts","authors":"Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Changsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingjun Dong ,&nbsp;Yufei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the production process of vehicle stamped parts, local deviations from the nominal geometry of stamped metal sheet, i.e. defects, may occur. The recognizability of these defects is affected by illuminations, and image-based anomaly detection methods cannot effectively detect abnormal vehicle stamped parts. To solve the effect of illuminations, this paper takes the three-dimensional (3D) point cloud of stamped parts as the research object, and proposes a <strong>M</strong>ultiscale <strong>P</strong>oint feature-based <strong>3D</strong> anomaly detection method (<strong>MP3D</strong>). To extract multiscale point features, this paper proposes a local aggregation module. Local aggregation module realizes feature aggregation of disordered points, and the aggregated point features have a larger receptive field. Features of different receptive fields are aggregated for multiscale anomaly detection. In addition, this paper designs a 3D anomaly generation strategy, which generates diverse abnormal samples by constructing local defects. Since the anomaly detection task requires classifying every point of the sample, there is an imbalance in the number of normal points and abnormal points. This paper improves the cross entropy loss for the anomaly detection task. To evaluate the performance of the proposed MP3D, this paper conducts extensive experiments on the MVTec 3D Anomaly Detection (MVTec3D-AD) dataset and a real stamped part dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that MP3D achieves effective anomaly detection performance at both the sample and point levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 64-78"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiscale simulation framework for composite manufacturing process: Data transfer and experimental verification","authors":"Mingliang Men ,&nbsp;Bao Meng ,&nbsp;Jinquan Han ,&nbsp;Min Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise forming of complex thin-walled metallic components can be achieved through composite manufacturing process, where the macroscopic mechanical response and microstructural evolution exhibit significant coupling effects. A general multiscale sequential simulation framework was developed by coupling crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) and cellular automaton (CA) models. A bidirectional grid mapping and data transfer method was established to address grid incompatibility and physical quantity mapping between different models. During the transfer from the CPFE model to the CA model, the proposed grid refinement mapping approach achieves lossless data transmission compared with the nearest-neighbor mapping method. In the reverse transfer from CA to CPFE, the average data transmission error is also nearly negligible when the coarsened element size approaches the CA cell size. The proposed multiscale simulation framework is applicable to both 2D and 3D conditions. For simulations of a two-stage uniaxial tension with intermediate annealing, the average prediction error of the 2D and 3D models is about 5%. Although the 3D model exhibits slightly improved prediction accuracy, the computational cost is approximately six times that of the 2D model. It indicates that the 2D model provides a reasonable balance between computational efficiency and predictive accuracy. Furthermore, the multiscale framework was applied to simulate the post-heat treatment process of additively manufactured alloy. The prediction errors for the recrystallized volume fraction and average grain size are both below 10%, and the stress-strain curves during subsequent uniaxial tension is predicted with an accuracy of approximately 95%. The results from the two application cases demonstrate that the proposed coupled model can accurately capture the mechanical response during deformation as well as the static recrystallization behavior during annealing, confirming the generality and reliability of the multiscale simulation framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 245-266"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ development of nano MoS2 particles infused micro-textured tungsten carbide surfaces using spark ablation technique coupled with inhouse fabricated ultrathin electrodes for enhancing tribological performance","authors":"Tejanshu Sekhar Sahu ,&nbsp;Ranjeet Kumar Sahu ,&nbsp;Prasad Krishna","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the fabrication of self-lubricating textures on tungsten carbide surfaces via spark ablation micro machining, utilizing in-situ fabricated ultrathin electrodes of less than 100 μm (electrodes unavailable in the global market) with the MoS₂ nanoparticle suspended dielectric. The inhouse fabricated electrodes facilitated accurate texturing at the microscale by closely controlling the process parameters, and the addition of MoS₂ particles was found to have a significant influence on the tribological behaviour of the developed textured surfaces during interfacial interaction. The MoS₂ assisted textured WC surfaces show a mean coefficient of friction (CoF) of 0.343 ± 0.023, indicating a 37.2% and 23.2% reduction in its CoF compared to plain WC (CoF = 0.546 ± 0.037) and conventionally textured surfaces (CoF = 0.447 ± 0.035), respectively. Accordingly, the MoS₂ assisted textured WC surfaces exhibited a reduction in specific wear rate by 52.9% and 32.9% relative to the plain surface and conventionally textured surfaces, respectively. The profilometric analysis revealed that the MoS₂ assisted surfaces exhibit shallow furrows and a smooth topography. The findings are also confirmed by SEM, which revealed a significant decrease in furrows, microcracks, and adhesive wear, attributed to the development of a continuous Mo<img>S tribofilm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 386-403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted disentangling of melt pool features for layer-wise printing quality assessment in L-PBF","authors":"Hao Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhibin Zhao ,&nbsp;Xingwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenxi Wang ,&nbsp;Huihui Miao ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the stability and consistency of laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing remains a persistent challenge in the industry, which has led to growing research interest in process monitoring in recent years. Among various monitoring techniques, coaxial melt pool imaging stands out as one of the most promising approaches. However, achieving stable and scalable print quality assessment based on coaxial melt pool images remains challenging. Deep learning methods often suffer from limited interpretability and weak generalization, while traditional image processing approaches tend to lack flexibility and exhibit low discriminative accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes an interpretable directional feature disentanglement framework designed to enable the extraction of strongly-correlated physical features with structures from melt pool images for printing quality assessment. Specifically, a feature anchoring module is incorporated into a variational autoencoder (VAE) generation framework to stabilize the position of the disentangled target features in the latent space. A multi-stage, multi-task training strategy is then introduced to progressively accomplish melt pool image reconstruction, feature anchoring, and feature disentanglement. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed framework is verified by cross-device and cross-material experiments involving unsupported overhang structures, which proves that it is a technology worthy of engineering promotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 231-244"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation and numerical validation of drilling machinability in FDM-printed PLA parts","authors":"Uğur Köklü ,&nbsp;Levent Urtekin ,&nbsp;Erkin Akdoğan ,&nbsp;Faik Yılan ,&nbsp;Murat Demiral","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing technique that fabricates components through layer-by-layer deposition of thermoplastic materials. Due to its biodegradability, dimensional stability, and favorable flow behavior, polylactic acid (PLA) has become one of the most commonly employed polymers in extrusion-based printing. This study investigates the influence of extrusion temperature, infill pattern, and infill density on the mechanical performance and drilling machinability of FDM-printed PLA components. Tensile tests and hardness measurements were conducted to evaluate mechanical behavior, while drilling machinability was assessed through thrust force measurements and digital microscopy. In parallel, a three-dimensional finite element model was developed using ABAQUS/Explicit to capture damage initiation and interfacial degradation, providing numerical validation of the experimental results. The findings demonstrate that infill density is the dominant parameter, with higher densities leading to significant improvements in tensile strength, elastic modulus, and surface hardness. The grid infill at full density and elevated extrusion temperature yielded the highest mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 40.3 MPa and a modulus of 3050 MPa. In contrast, the hexagonal infill pattern offered a favorable balance between mechanical strength and drilling performance, exhibiting reduced thrust force and improved damage resistance. Optimal drilling conditions were identified at 3000 rpm and 150 mm/min, minimizing delamination, burr formation, and thermal damage. Overall, this work highlights the strong coupling between process parameters, internal architecture, and numerical modeling in governing the structural integrity and machinability of FDM-fabricated PLA parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 34-48"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-efficiency laser processing array micro-holes method based on acousto-optic deflector and galvanometer hybrid","authors":"Zihao Feng ,&nbsp;Yufeng Liang ,&nbsp;Tian Zhang ,&nbsp;Youmin Rong ,&nbsp;Hongping Yang ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Xiufeng Liu ,&nbsp;Guojun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Array micro-holes have been widely used as optical apertures for ambient light sensors in display panels. Existing galvanometer processing method suffers from inefficient fabrication of the vast number of micro-holes (&lt; 30 μm) due to the scanning speed limitations imposed by the mechanical inertia of mirror oscillation. To address this issue, a laser processing method based on acousto-optic deflector (AOD) and galvanometer hybrid is proposed, centered on a discrete-trajectory partitioning framework tailored for discontinuous, high-density point arrays. The galvanometer trajectory is derived from processing area divided by fully exploiting the AOD scanning field, reducing the path length and number of galvanometer jumps. The target trajectory is determined by pulse distribution from micro-holes, and the AOD displacements are derived through coordinate transformation to the result of positional vector subtraction. The experimental results indicated that compared with galvanometer-only processing, the maximum galvanometer following errors of proposed method are reduced by up to 89.8% with better consistency and higher processing quality. Meanwhile, the total processing time of given drawings decreased from 2.157–3.813 s to 0.487–0.875 s, reduced by up to 77.4%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 206-218"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition and analysis of welding images with lightweight semantic segmentation model improved by attention mechanism during ARM laser welding","authors":"Hua Liu ,&nbsp;Chengwen Gao ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanjie Peng ,&nbsp;Siyang Chen ,&nbsp;Miao Yang ,&nbsp;Mengjia Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adjustable ring mode (ARM) laser welding offers flexible heat input control, improved thermal distribution, and enhanced molten pool stability, making it well-suited for advanced manufacturing applications. Despite these advantages, the complexity of parameter adjustment and the dynamic behavior of the molten pool present significant challenges to process stability and joint quality. To address these issues, an active vision-based monitoring system was developed to capture molten pool images, and deep learning methodologies were applied for feature recognition. A transfer learning-based semantic segmentation model was proposed, and creatively incorporated with an attention gate (AG) mechanism to improve segmentation accuracy. Following segmentation, Canny edge detection was employed for contour extraction of molten pool features, facilitating analysis of the influence of process parameters on molten pool morphology evolution. Experimental results indicate that the ResNet-50 backbone offers higher accuracy and faster inference in segmenting molten pool, keyhole and penetration features. With the AG-enhanced mechanism, the proposed model achieves superior edge segmentation of molten pool, keyhole, and full-penetration hole features, attaining superior feature segmentation performance with mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 92.38%, precision (<em>P</em>) of 95.75%, and recall (<em>R</em>) of 95.75%. Geometric calculations of the molten pool profile indicate that the ring laser significantly contributes to the stability of both the molten pool and the keyhole. After eliminating cases of excessive penetration and burn-through, the full-penetration hole can serve as a criterion for evaluating the penetration state in ARM laser welding. These findings demonstrate the robustness and generalization capability of the model, providing critical support for ARM laser welding process optimization and intelligent control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 404-423"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint enhancement in LDED joining SLM-fabricated AlSi10Mg: A combined strategy based on ultrasonic vibration assistance, filling material and heat treatment","authors":"Zhiguo Wang ,&nbsp;Tianqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Yingwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenfeng He ,&nbsp;Yuhui Zhao ,&nbsp;Jibin Zhao ,&nbsp;Qiwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-performance joining of selective laser melted aluminum alloy by laser direct energy deposition presents a significant challenge owing to the obvious interfacial micro-performance valley, pores and microstructural differences between the joint region and base. A combined strategy based on three aspects is adopted, which includes ultrasonic vibration assistance (UVA), filling material and heat treatment. The joint microstructure evolution, defect distribution, microhardness and tensile performance of the different strategies were discussed in detail. The results showed that the joining of samples with UVA and changing the filling material strategy improved the microhardness of most areas in the joint and eliminated the pores distributed at the interface. However, the decrease in the interfacial microhardness mainly caused by eutectic silicon aggregation at the fusion line still restricted the joint strength. Fortunately, adding a post T6 heat treatment could significantly improve the weakness in the interface performance. For the high-performance laser deposition energy joining of SLM-built AlSi10Mg, each of the three regulation aspects is essential. The combined strategy based on three aspects can realize that the ultimate tensile strength of the joining samples increased to a maximum of 303 MPa, and the elongation improved to 5.7%, which was closely related to the formation of nanoscale (AlₓSi₁₋ₓ)₃(Sc,Zr) precipitates, nanoscale Si precipitates, Mg solution strengthening and low porosity. Our study offers a novel method for future high-strength welding of SLMed aluminum and the fabrication of large-sized parts via a hybrid additive manufacturing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 115-135"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study on ultrasonic vibration-assisted press-fitting assembly for titanium alloy load-bearing holes","authors":"Shaoqing Tian ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zefeng Chen ,&nbsp;Jianfu Zhang ,&nbsp;Pingfa Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional interference-fit assembly methods, including press-fitting and temperature difference methods, have been extensively applied in mechanical and aerospace manufacturing. However, with the growing demand for high precision and reliability, these conventional methods are inadequate for the interference-fit assembly of titanium alloy load-bearing holes. To address this limitation, an ultrasonic vibration-assisted press-fitting assembly (UVPA) method is proposed, which integrates ultrasonic vibration with conventional press-fitting to reduce press-fitting force and mitigate interfacial damage. Experimental investigations reveal that press-fitting speed significantly influences the effectiveness of UVPA. At a press-fitting speed of 0.05 mm/s, UVPA reduces the press-fitting force by 18.9% compared with conventional press-fitting assembly (CPA), and the rate of friction reduction decreases with increasing vibration amplitude. When the interference fits are below 6 μm, UVPA consistently reduces the press-fitting force by approximately 20% compared with CPA. Furthermore, surface roughness measurements at the material interface show that, under a vibration amplitude of 10 μm, UVPA decreases <span><math><mi>Ra</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>Rz</mi></math></span> by up to 44.5% and 41.1%, respectively. These findings confirm that UVPA effectively reduces press-fitting force and interfacial damage during the interference-fit assembly of titanium alloy load-bearing holes, providing a promising alternative to conventional methods for high-precision and damage-controlled assembly applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 371-385"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of the wear resistance of NiCu alloy reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets and WC particles through circular oscillating laser directed energy deposition","authors":"Yining Hu ,&nbsp;Siyu Chen ,&nbsp;Guang Yang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhou ,&nbsp;Wanhui Zhao ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.01.092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a NiCu-based composite with superior wear resistance and self-lubricating properties for critical tribological applications in aerospace and energy sectors. The NiCu, NiCu/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), NiCu/WC, and NiCu/GNPs/WC composites were fabricated on A3 steel substrates using circular oscillating laser-directed energy deposition (COL-DED) technology. The high-frequency laser beam oscillation effectively stirred the molten pool, refining grain structure and enhancing material properties. Microstructural analysis revealed that four materials consisted primarily of equiaxed grains with minor columnar grains. The grain sizes of the NiCu, NiCu/GNPs, NiCu/WC, and NiCu/GNPs/WC materials were 10.74 μm, 7.80 μm, 8.35 μm, and 7.12 μm, respectively, indicating that GNPs had a superior grain refinement effect compared to WC. The main phases of the NiCu/GNPs/WC composite were Ni-Cu, C, WC, and W₂C. Under the action of the laser, GNPs melted and formed amorphous graphite-Ni-Cu (G-Ni-Cu) hybrid spheres at the grain boundaries, while WC particles embedded in the NiCu matrix partially melted to form W₂C, WC, and other carbides. Compared to NiCu, the hardness of the NiCu/GNPs, NiCu/WC, and NiCu/GNPs/WC composites increased by approximately 11.36%, 6.70%, and 22.57%, respectively, while their wear mass loss was reduced by about 62.8%, 81.4%, and 85.4%, respectively. The NiCu/GNPs/WC composite exhibited the optimal wear resistance. The G-Ni-Cu graphite spheres reduced wear by pinning grain boundaries and forming a self-lubricating film at the wear interface, while WC particles provided support. Their synergistic effect significantly enhanced the wear performance of the NiCu alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 571-580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}