Journal of Manufacturing Processes最新文献

{"title":"From simulation to metamodel to experiment: Evaluating the prediction accuracy of polynomial regression models for clinch joint properties","authors":"Jonathan-Markus Einwag ,&nbsp;Christian Steinfelder ,&nbsp;Sandro Wartzack ,&nbsp;Alexander Brosius ,&nbsp;Stefan Goetz","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In modern lightweight design, mechanical joining methods such as clinching are increasingly used due to their efficiency and suitability for joining dissimilar materials. However, variations in process parameters and material properties can lead to significant deviations in the resulting joint geometry. This study investigates the ability of global polynomial regression models to predict such deviations in clinch joint properties, based on finite element (FE) simulation data and evaluates them through variation simulations and experimental testing. A comprehensive dataset was generated using a validated simulation model to train polynomial regression models. These models were then applied to six distinct clinching process configurations. The metamodels show excellent agreement with the variation simulations, achieving coefficients of prognosis (CoP) above 0.95. Experimental validation using z-scores and Empirical Coverage Probability (ECP) indicates high predictive accuracy for bottom thickness (BT), partially accurate results for neck thickness (NE), and a systematic underestimation of interlock (IL). The predicted 95.5 % confidence intervals are overly conservative for bottom thickness, while for neck thickness and interlock, the intervals are often misaligned with the actual measurements, reflecting biased predictions. The results underline both the potential and the limitations of polynomial regression models for predicting variations in clinch joint properties. While the approach shows promise for designing reliable clinch joints, the study highlights challenges in transferring simulation-trained metamodels to experimental conditions due to uncertainties in the metamodels, the numerical simulations and the experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 179-191"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curved layering and path planning of continuous fiber composites based on multi-direction slicing for robotic additive manufacturing","authors":"Yaxing Song ,&nbsp;Congze Fan ,&nbsp;Zhongde Shan ,&nbsp;Yiwei Chen ,&nbsp;Wenzhe Song ,&nbsp;Jiaxun Xu ,&nbsp;Weiyi Kong ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing-Hua Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Curved path planning methods based on the surface structural characteristics of target models are key technologies for reducing support structure dependence, improving surface quality, and optimizing structural performance in additive manufacturing. The combined forming method of planar/curved surface paths is an important solution to balance the increased manufacturing time cost due to frequent adjustments of multi-degree-of-freedom printing postures. The present study proposed a curved layering and path planning strategy based on the discrete intersection points of multi-directional slices, achieving the unification of planar slicing and curved slicing in the processing logic of the model. Building on traditional planar contour offset methods, it introduced multiple vertical slices, achieving the dimensional transformation of discrete point information from 2D to 3D. Meanwhile, it utilized the normal information of the model's surface to optimize the spatial positions of the discrete points within each horizontal slice, enhancing the consistency of the layer thickness of the generated curved paths. This strategy was applied to path analysis and accuracy discussions on target models like helmet, and experimental validation was conducted using a continuous fiber multi-axis printing platform based on a six-axis robotic arm. The results showed that the curved slicing paths generated exhibited superior theoretical accuracy of surface contours, effectively suppressing the staircase effect. The surface contour accuracy in the fiber orientation direction reached 99.29 %. Furthermore, considering the structural deformation constraints of continuous fiber filaments during printing, the recommended layer thickness range was 0.20 to 0.24 mm for 0.4 mm size filaments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 222-235"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of an image feedback-assisted jet electrochemical additive manufacturing process","authors":"Wenlin Xiang ,&nbsp;Boru Chen ,&nbsp;Baohua Liu ,&nbsp;Chunren Lin ,&nbsp;Yabin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jet electrochemical deposition (Jet ECD) has attracted increasing attention for its high deposition rate. However, the electrochemical deposition rate exhibits pronounced nonlinear characteristics over time, making it difficult to precisely control the growth of 3D structures. In the present study, an image-based monitoring and feedback mechanism is proposed and validated. This method utilizes a high-magnification camera to capture real-time images of the deposition zone. Through an image recognition algorithm, it identifies the contact state between the printed copper column and the liquid column. It then dynamically generates displacement control commands and enables precise regulation of deposition time and position. Moreover, it facilitates analysis of the nonlinear deposition rate during deposition. Experimental results demonstrate that this method effectively accommodates the nonlinear behavior inherent in the deposition process. It enables the successful fabrication of overhanging structures with angles ranging from 0° to 80°, exhibiting favorable morphology and high density. Additionally, the fabrication of helical multi-segment structures and trifurcated branch structures validates the method's applicability and scalability for manufacturing complex multi-directional 3D structures. This study provides a novel strategy for realizing closed-loop control in electrochemical additive manufacturing (ECAM) and lays a technical foundation for constructing high-precision, complex 3D structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 165-178"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new cumulated temporal causal-effects based model for predicting the aging deformation of metal structural parts","authors":"Yang Ni ,&nbsp;Changqing Liu ,&nbsp;Yifan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aging deformation of metal structural parts has emerged as a key factor affecting the dimensional accuracy, and the prediction ability of aging deformation is fundamental for its control. Causal deep learning methods have prominent advantages by introducing inductive biases for making the prediction using other observable variables than residual stress. However, the natural aging process of metal parts involves creep and stress relaxation, where the aging deformation is resulted by the cumulated temporal effects of time-varying residual stress from previous time stages. Existing causal deep learning methods are carried out only based on instant causal-effects of cause variables at a certain time stage, which ignores the cumulation of temporal causal-effects and restricts the prediction accuracy. To this end, this paper proposes a new cumulated temporal causal-effects based model. The cumulated causal-effects are defined as the convolution of time-varying causal variables and their mechanisms, and a modified dynamic convolutional neural network is applied in the model to learn the cumulated temporal causal-effects of residual stress and make aging deformation prediction. The machining of die forged structural parts is taken as a case study, and a Digital Image Correlation system is employed for aging deformation measurement. Experimental results show that the proposed model could beat all comparison models and predict aging deformation accurately and stably.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 208-221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and performance evaluation of a non-resonant ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding device for ultra-high-strength gears","authors":"Junshuai Zhao ,&nbsp;Dan Wen ,&nbsp;Yanjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianhui Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Ding ,&nbsp;Biao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges posed by the high hardness and poor machinability of ultra-high-strength gears used in aerospace transmissions, this study innovatively proposes and validates an ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG) method. First, based on non-resonant design theory and the Rayleigh-Ritz method, a theoretical model of the gear-specific ultrasonic vibration unit was developed to determine the key structural parameters. Subsequently, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to perform modal analysis and structural optimization of the vibration unit, leading to the successful development of a UVAG device tailored for gear grinding. Finally, machining experiments confirmed the feasibility and significant advantages of this technology. The results show that, through theoretical design and finite element optimization, the actual resonant frequency of the developed ultrasonic vibration unit deviated less than 4.5 % from the designed value, and a uniform longitudinal ultrasonic amplitude of 6 μm was achieved circumferentially on the ultra-high-strength gear. Compared with conventional grinding (CG), the UVAG demonstrated significant advantages: the normal and tangential grinding forces were reduced by 34.9 % and 31.7 %, respectively. And the grinding temperature was reduced by 37.4 %. In addition, the surface roughness of the gear tip, flank, and root were significantly improved by 24.2 %, 19.1 %, and 19.6 %, respectively, resulting in enhanced surface quality of the ultra-high-strength gears. Moreover, this method effectively reduced clogging of the grinding wheel pores and adhesion of workpiece material on abrasive grains. This study integrates ultrasonic vibration into the ultra-high-strength gears grinding process, offering a practical and valuable technological solution for the efficient and high-quality machining of ultra-high-strength aerospace transmission gears.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 192-207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A force-induced deformation prediction method without iteration considering the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness update for thin-walled part in flank milling","authors":"Shuyi Ge ,&nbsp;Jiale Zeng ,&nbsp;Kang Wang ,&nbsp;Liping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thin-walled part is extensively applied to the plentiful industries including automotive and aerospace, which inevitably suffer the force-induced deformation during milling due to their low stiffness characteristics. This leads to a reduction in machining accuracy and even results in component damage. To address the issue, a deformation prediction model without iteration considering the IUCT (Instantaneous Undeformed Chip Thickness) update is proposed.</div><div>First, based on the stiffness equation, the node division method is applied to tool-workpiece deformation model, in which solution scale is reduced to improve the model efficiency. Then, to establish an iterative model for the actual deformation, the coupling effect among the milling force, radial cutting depth, IUCT and deformation need to be considered into the prediction model. Next, a non-iterative deformation prediction method is proposed, in which the milling force model is reconstructed to obtain the generalized deformation formula of the closed-form solution. Moreover, the impact of the IUCT update on both milling force and deformation is analyzed. Finally, the correctness of the proposed method is verified through flank milling experiments, which shows the average accuracy of deformation can reach 97.5 %. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified in different scenarios by comparison with other methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 134-149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing using friction stir channelling extruded wire","authors":"Yajie Chu ,&nbsp;Xingjian Zhao ,&nbsp;Wanting Sun ,&nbsp;Sam Holdsworth ,&nbsp;Dikai Guan ,&nbsp;Yuze Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates a new ‘forged’ wire additive manufacturing processing, in which the metal wire is produced as a by-product from stationary shoulder friction stir channelling (SS-FSC) under the severe plastic deformation mechanism (known as CoreFlow®), and then used as the feedstock in directed energy deposition with a laser beam and wire feedstock (DED-LB/w) additive manufacturing. For the first time, the ‘by-products’ produced in the SS-FSC process, which are ‘forged’ 6082 aluminium alloy wire, were tested with built-tracks using DED-LB/w. Process mapping was built to demarcate the melting states, including the stable, dripping, and incomplete melting regimes, over a wide range of laser energy densities (92 to 303 <span><math><mi>kJ</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>). Metallurgy tests were also conducted to reveal the evolution of the microstructure and defect formation of the deposited tracks. It was found that: (i) Stable deposition with a grain size of <span><math><mn>9</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>20</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μm</mi></math></span> can be achieved with optimised processing parameters, i.e., energy density <span><math><mn>243</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>kJ</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> with a laser power <span><math><mn>3.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>kW</mi></math></span>, a scanning speed <span><math><mn>0.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>cm</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and a wire feed rate <span><math><mn>2.0</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>cm</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>; (ii) The substructure morphology is gradually transitioned from columnar at the track bottom to cellular (<span><math><mn>8.9</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>1.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μm</mi></math></span>) at the top, driven by an increased cooling rate; and (iii) The built track porosity is mainly composed of gas pores that are small (equivalent diameter of <span><math><mn>20</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μm</mi></math></span>) and spherical, primarily resulting from the ambient gas, the SS-FSC extruded wire oxides and contaminations. The study supports resource-efficient, low-carbon manufacturing via reuse of by-products, in alignment with the Net Zero Strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 122-133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic spot welding of dissimilar short- and continuous-fiber reinforced PA6 composites: Fiber redistribution, porosity formation, and joint strengthening mechanisms","authors":"Yinkui Cui ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Xing ,&nbsp;Jianguo Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic welding offers high efficiency, strong joint performance, and a narrow heat-affected zone, making it a promising method for joining fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. However, the influence of fiber length and distribution on weld formation and defect evolution in dissimilar composite systems remain unclear. This study developed an ultrasonic spot welding process to join carbon fiber-reinforced PA6 composites with short and continuous fibers. Two lap joint configurations were designed by placing the short-fiber composite on either the upper or lower side. Fiber redistribution and porosity characteristics in the weld zone were investigated, and the underlying joint-strengthening mechanisms were analyzed. Results show that short fibers exhibit higher mobility and deformability during welding, promoting fiber migration into the interface and enhancing bonding. Placing the short-fiber composites on the upper side resulted in higher tensile strength, particularly under increased energy input. However, excessive energy led to porosity accumulation due to fiber-induced resin disturbance. In contrast, continuous fibers restricted resin flow and showed poor adaptability to melt deformation, resulting in limited fiber redistribution and slower strength improvement. At high energy levels, severe resin overflow, fiber stacking, and internal pores due to fiber-matrix debonding were observed. This work clarifies the interaction between fiber characteristics and weld formation behavior in dissimilar fiber systems. The findings offer insights for optimizing ultrasonic welding strategies to control porosity and improve joint performance in reinforced thermoplastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 150-164"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A knowledge-transfer based multiscale machine learning framework for predicting solidification process defects","authors":"U. Godwal ,&nbsp;S. Bhagavath ,&nbsp;S. Roy ,&nbsp;B. Ghaffari ,&nbsp;M. Li ,&nbsp;L. Godlewski ,&nbsp;P.D. Lee ,&nbsp;S. Karagadde","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate predictions of the size and morphology of microstructural features, including defects such as porosity, are essential for predicting the performance of engineering components. Although several multiscale approaches exist in the literature, including direct simulations and volume-averaged models, their predictions are limited due to large computational times and relatively low accuracy. This work utilises transfer learning to link the macroscopic field variable distributions to the mesoscale, in order to estimate sub-grid microstructural defects. Specifically, the model parameters are corrected using experimental measurements of sub-grid scale defects. The proposed methodology is illustrated for predicting porosity in an aluminium alloy automotive component produced using high pressure die casting. The model uses a physics-based localised porosity model for combined gas and shrinkage porosity to train an artificial neural network. This trained machine learning model is subsequently re-trained using macroscale field variables and experimental X-ray microtomography porosity measurements from industrial component made using different process conditions. An unseen region of the same component is used for further testing of the performance of the model. The results show good prediction of pore size distribution and location. These results are then used to determine component fatigue life. Thus, a full process-structure-property model is established. The framework has the potential to be applied to a large class of problems involving predictions of microstructural features over entire macroscopic components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy savings by implementing a two-stage heating strategy for coated patch blanks using inductive preheating for press hardening","authors":"F. Gerstner ,&nbsp;M. Dorniok ,&nbsp;A. Sommer ,&nbsp;E. Schachinger ,&nbsp;J. Heidrich ,&nbsp;S. Winter ,&nbsp;M. Dix","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.09.063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Press hardening is an energy-intensive process in which the furnace for austenitizing the blanks is the largest energy consumer. Furnace systems with a length of up to 45 m are used to produce large components, such as press hardened door rings. The blanks used to produce large components usually have sheet thickness variations in the form of tailor welded blanks and patchwork blanks, whereby the area with the largest sheet thickness is relevant for the minimum furnace heating time. In this study a two-stage heating strategy was developed for patchwork blanks with inductive preheating in the partial area of the blank with the largest sheet thickness (3 mm). Patchwork blanks of 22MnB5 steel with aluminum‑silicon and zinc coating were used in this research. After heat treatment, the aluminum‑silicon coated samples show a very inhomogeneous coating thickness, while the zinc coating shows a high degree of homogeneity. The application of inductive preheating resulted in energy savings of up to 27 %, achieved with completely homogeneous heating. This development significantly reduced the impact of sheet thickness variations on the furnace process window, improving process stability and reducing scrap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}