Journal of Lightwave Technology最新文献

{"title":"Joint Communication and Unidirectional Forward Sensing Over a Parallel HCF-SMF Link","authors":"Jiwei Xie;Yiwen Zhang;Zexu Liu;Weiqi Lu;Haojie Zhu;Puzhen Yuan;William Shieh","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3710666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3710666","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and experimentally demonstrate a unidirectional forward integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) scheme based on a parallel hollow-core fiber-single-mode fiber (HCF-SMF) link. By exploiting the large and deterministic group-delay mismatch between the two fibers, vibration localization is achieved using the communication signal itself, without introducing dedicated probing signals or additional bandwidth. Over a 1-km link, proof-of-concept vibration localization is experimentally demonstrated, with absolute mean localization errors below 20 m across the tested positions under the tested laboratory conditions. At the same time, two parallel 50-GBaud PAM-4 channels are transmitted, enabling an aggregate data rate of 200 Gb/s. In the experiment, sensing is realized using 2-m co-wound HCF and SMF segments attached to a piezoelectric transducer, and a vibration frequency response from 200 Hz to 2 kHz is measured, limited by the experimental configuration. The proposed scheme provides a simple and scalable solution for seamlessly integrating forward sensing into high-capacity optical links.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 17","pages":"7461-7468"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seamless Integration and Implementation of Distributed Contact and Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring via Microwave Photonics","authors":"Dingding Liang;Yang Chen;Jiawei Gao;Taixia Shi;Jianping Yao","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3707883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3707883","url":null,"abstract":"Vital sign monitoring, which is gaining immense significance in medical and personal health management, holds great importance in fulfilling the needs of diverse application scenarios in future smart and healthy cities. However, facing the ultra-high penetration rate and diverse application requirements, existing independent vital sign monitoring devices have high deployment costs. We show a seamlessly integrated contact and contactless vital sign monitoring system, which features a distributed architecture and can simultaneously implement respiration and heartbeat monitoring. Contact vital sign monitoring using fiber Bragg grating and contactless vital sign monitoring based on radar have been seamlessly integrated into a distributed radio-over-fiber system, and equipped with good scalability through wavelength-division multiplexing technology. A proof-of-concept experiment is performed. Contact and contactless respiration and heartbeat monitoring are simultaneously realized, with measurement errors of 1.6 respirations per minute and 2.3 beats per minute. This work provides a potential solution for the deployment of basic health infrastructure in future smart and healthy cities.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 17","pages":"7360-7371"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Birefringence Modeling of Photonic Crystal Fibers for Cell Monitoring","authors":"Jiahaw Fu;Rosalind Wynne","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3708336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3708336","url":null,"abstract":"Birefringence measurements in mammalian cells are vital for monitoring structural changes in cell components as a response to diseases and other illnesses. We extend this method of cell analysis to an optofluidics case based on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). In this simulation, spheres were used to represent cells where the diameters ranged from <inline-formula><tex-math>$18; mu mathrm{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math>$20; mu mathrm{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The spheres were modeled as a uniaxial, anisotropic medium to optically represent the anisotropy of the lipid bilayer membrane and the cell interior. These cells were confined within the capillary channels of a PCF (<italic>PCF + cell + water</i>), where the diameter and fluid displacement of a single hollow channel was <inline-formula><tex-math>$22 ; mu m$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>$64 ; mu m$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. A finite-difference time-domain approach was employed to determine the birefringence of both the single cell and <italic>PCF + cell + water</i> structure. For the single-cell configuration, the effective birefringence was determined to be <inline-formula><tex-math>$Delta n_{text{eff}} = 7.3 times 10^{-2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, while the effective birefringence was determined to be <inline-formula><tex-math>$Delta n_{text{eff}} = 1.1 times 10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the <italic>PCF + cell + water</i> structure. Both of these values are consistent with experimental measurements for mammalian cells and tissues, with reported values of <inline-formula><tex-math>$Delta n_{text{eff}} approx 10^{-2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math>$10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>$Delta n_{text{eff}} approx 10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math>$10^{-4}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Leveraging birefringence analysis to characterize the uniaxial anisotropy of the lipid membrane and cell interior yields more accurate representation of cellular optical properties than modeling the cell as a simple isotropic sphere.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 17","pages":"7651-7658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11589459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalability Analysis of Silicon Photonics Optical Circuit Switch Architectures","authors":"Luis Torrijos-Morán;Zhenyun Xie;Celestino Bixquert-Marrades;Iñigo Belio-Apaolaza;Daniel Pérez-López","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3705998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3705998","url":null,"abstract":"Scaling AI datacenter networks demands high-speed, low-latency, and energy-efficient optical interconnects—an area where silicon photonics optical circuit switches offer a transformative solution. However, realizing high-radix configurations remains challenging due to hardware complexity, optical performance, and blocking. In this work, we introduce a graph-theory-based framework to model, analyze, and benchmark multiple silicon photonics optical circuit switch architectures, including Benes, Dilated Benes, Double Dilated Benes, PILOSS, and Dilated Banyan networks. We evaluate hardware requirements, optical loss, signal-to-noise ratio, and blocking probability under asynchronous switching with two routing strategies. Our results show that Dilated variants of Benes architectures enable 128 × 128 high-radix switches with low loss (<inline-formula><tex-math>$&lt; $</tex-math></inline-formula> 7 dB), high SNR (<inline-formula><tex-math>$&gt;$</tex-math></inline-formula>45 dB), and minimal blocking, while remaining compatible with current silicon photonics integration capabilities. This study provides a practical roadmap for deploying scalable, high-performance silicon-photonic optical circuit switches in modern AI data-center interconnects, bridging the gap between device-level integration and network-scale deployment.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 16","pages":"7228-7238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11573381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148718955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Broadband Ytterbium Doped Fiber Amplifier for 1 μm Data Transmission","authors":"Xin Huang;Sijing Liang;Douglas McCulloch;Hilmi Othman;Punramon Rattakorn;Kyle R. H. Bottrill;Periklis Petropoulos;David J. Richardson;Yongmin Jung","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3705505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3705505","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for optical transmission capacity driven by cloud computing and artificial intelligence has renewed interest in optical transmission beyond the conventional wavelengths of the C and L bands. Recent advances in hollow-core fiber (HCF) technology have enabled low-loss transmission in the 1 μm region, creating a need for suitable wideband optical amplifiers. In this work, we present the design, numerical analysis, and experimental demonstration of an ultra-broadband ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA) operating from 1025 to 1110 nm. Broadband gain across an 82 nm bandwidth (∼21.9 THz) is achieved using a parallel amplifier architecture that combines two complementary YDFA branches (1025-1072 nm and 1075-1110 nm). The short-wavelength YDFA employs a gain-flattened, core-pumped dual-stage design, while the long-wavelength YDFA uses a hybrid-pumped dual-stage configuration (core-pumped first stage and cladding-pumped second stage) to improve efficiency and noise performance at longer wavelengths. The combined system delivers >20 dB gain with a NF of < 5.1 dB across the full band, highlighting the potential of YDFAs for future 1 μm optical communication systems, including HCF-based links.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 16","pages":"7252-7257"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148718979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic Optical DAC for Coherent PAM and IM/DD ASK Transmission","authors":"Samuel Hess;Daniel Rieben;Konstantinos Moschopoulos;Chenrui Xu;Marcel Destraz;Wolfgang Heni;Moshe Nazarathy;Ioannis Tomkos;David Moor;Juerg Leuthold","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3693367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3693367","url":null,"abstract":"Optical digital-to-analog converters (DAC) offer power-efficient amplitude multiplexing in the optical domain. They allow simplification to complex electronic circuits as the binary signals are directly fed to the Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM). Drive circuits with a large effective number of bits (ENOB) and complex power-hungry electronic predistortion of the MZMs nonlinear transfer characteristic are eliminated. This results in a power advantage and smaller electronics, ultimately delivering an improved signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR). As oDACs can be operated by means of direct digital drives (DDD) with minimal signal processing, they are ideal for highest speed operation. When implemented with terahertz-bandwidth plasmonic modulators, they may provide highest symbol rates on a small footprint with the least power consumption. We demonstrate the first plasmonic oDAC implementation for IM/DD and coherent transmission, operating at up to 420 Gb/s line rate without SNR penalty. We show energy-efficient amplitude multiplexing in the optical domain at symbol rates up to 180 GBd.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 16","pages":"7151-7157"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11520209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3724218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3724218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 16","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11657995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Pulse ϕ-OTDR Dynamic Strain Range Expansion Method Assisted by Dual Wavelengths","authors":"Zhipeng Yang;Zhewen Ding;Yixin Zhang;Chunliu Zhao","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3705460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3705460","url":null,"abstract":"Phase-sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (ϕ-OTDR), based on phase demodulation, enables high-precision quantitative measurement of dynamic strain via inverse trigonometric functions. However, this approach also makes it difficult for traditional unwrapping algorithms to fully recover large dynamic strain perturbations. To enable large dynamic strain measurement while maintaining a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), a dual-wavelength dual-pulse probe scheme is proposed. This scheme demonstrates the feasibility of combining dual-wavelength demodulation with the dual-pulse ϕ-OTDR system. Theoretical analysis based on the experimental parameters indicates that the maximum measurable strain of this system is more than 80 times that of traditional ϕ-OTDR. In the experimental demonstration, perturbation signals with amplitudes ranging from 2.2 to 4.45 μϵ were successfully demodulated, exhibiting a flat frequency response from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz. Furthermore, under a 4.45 μϵ perturbation at 200 Hz, the system demonstrated an SNR advantage of 8.57 dB compared to the traditional dual-wavelength ϕ-OTDR system. In practical sensing applications, this scheme enables optimization of operating wavelengths based on perturbation intensity, thereby theoretically extending the upper limit of dynamic strain measurement for dual-pulse ϕ-OTDR systems.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 16","pages":"7284-7290"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148718987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Frequency Rolling Shutter Optical Camera Communication: Quantitative Geometric Analysis and Mitigation of Stripe Distortion","authors":"Md Osman Ali;Brendan Paine;Moh Khalid Hasan;Long Pham;Dimitri Tsiaousis-Piripitsi;Varun Raman;Kevin Guo;Jing Fu;Stanley Luong;Ke Wang","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3704318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3704318","url":null,"abstract":"Rolling shutter (RS) camera-based optical camera communication (OCC) is considered a promising candidate for future optical wireless communications. However, low data rates remain one of the key limiting factors in deploying this technology. Increasing the transmission frequency can improve the data rate. However, this approach introduces significant challenges in data decoding, as stripe widths may vary significantly at high frequencies. The capacitive characteristics of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) prevent their ability to switch ON or OFF instantly. As a result, the stripes generated by the RS effect may appear asymmetrical, which can severely degrade system reliability. Despite its importance, the impacts of high-frequency data transmission using LEDs in OCC have hardly been systematically investigated. This work addresses this gap by introducing an instance-segmentation-based approach for the quantitative analysis of stripe patterns in RS-based OCC systems operating near the practical cutoff region. The geometric properties of the stripe patterns, including area, perimeter, centroid, and orientation, were extensively analyzed using a connected-component analysis algorithm at 3 kHz, 4 kHz, and 5 kHz. Experimental results show that, at 5 kHz, the center-column statistical analysis yielded a bright-to-dark stripe-width ratio of 5.27, with the bright-stripe width increasing by 68.11%. To address this problem, we propose a centroid-based computational method to mitigate the deformation and recover the stripe widths to their expected values. Results confirm that the proposed approach significantly improves bit-error-rate performance, reducing it from 42.79% to 4.06% at 5 kHz, thereby enabling high-frequency RS-OCC transmission.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 16","pages":"7139-7150"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148718991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of 225 GBaud WDM-PAM Transmission Over Hollow Core Fiber for Next-Generation AI Data Centers","authors":"Haiyun Xin;Yao Zhang;Jin Tang;Qiang Guo;Haofan Yang;Maxim Kuschnerov;Huixiao Ma","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3699971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3699971","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by AI applications, data rate of optical interconnect in data center networks (DCN) keeps increasing, and will soon evolve to 3.2 Tbps port bandwidth in the near future. System solutions for high baud rate intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) signal transmission are urgently required. At the same time, hollow core fiber (HCF) has been actively studied in recent years due to its superiority in reduced latency, leading to a lot of breakthroughs. Thus, it is meaningful to investigate the feasibility and performance of applying HCF in DCN. In this article, we analyzed the performance improvements that HCF can provide. Thanks to reduced chromatic dispersion, and nonlinear effects, longer transmission distance and higher capacity can be achieved. In addition, bidirectional transmission can be supported due to suppressed Rayleigh backscattering. Then, we experimentally demonstrated an 8<inline-formula><tex-math>$lambda$</tex-math></inline-formula> 225 GBaud IMDD-WDM transmission over a hollow core fiber. By using PAM4/6, a total net rate of 6.4/7.6 Tbps over 10 km transmission is achieved, respectively considering a BER threshold of <inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {4.85 times 10^{-3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/ <inline-formula><tex-math>$bm {2.4 times 10^{-2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 16","pages":"6840-6846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}