Yu-Han Lin;Yuan-Zeng Lin;Cheng-Si Weng;Chi-Wai Chow;Xuetong Zhou;Hon Ki Tsang
{"title":"Reconfigurable Indoor Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) System Employing Space- and Mode-Division Multiplexing Using Integrated Silicon Photonic Demultiplexer Receiver","authors":"Yu-Han Lin;Yuan-Zeng Lin;Cheng-Si Weng;Chi-Wai Chow;Xuetong Zhou;Hon Ki Tsang","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3734107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3734107","url":null,"abstract":"To efficiently support multiple users, reconfigurability has become a key requirement for indoor optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. We demonstrate a proof-of-concept reconfigurable indoor OWC system that simultaneously employing space-division multiplexing (SDM) and mode-division multiplexing (MDM). The proposed architecture employs a spatial-light-modulator (SLM) as a dynamic holographic router, enabling simultaneous optical mode conversion, optical beam splitting and steering to individual users. At the user side, a specially designed silicon-photonic (SiPh)-based multimode-waveguide-grating-coupler (MWGC) receiver (Rx) serves as a mode demultiplexer and converter for different users. Proof-of-concept experimental results demonstrate a maximum unicast capacity of 78-Gbit/s and a minimum guaranteed transmission rate of > 25-Gbit/s per channel in 1-to-3 multicast transmissions.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 21","pages":"9494-9501"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149337142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3741342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3741342","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 19","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11731744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3741271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3741271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 18","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11731754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase-Aware Interconnect Routing for Photonic Waveguides via Nonlinear Optimization","authors":"Masashi Ota;Katsuaki Higashimori;Osamu Moriwaki","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3707943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3707943","url":null,"abstract":"We present a phase-aware interconnect routing framework for photonic waveguides based on nonlinear optimization, in which routing paths are treated as continuous geometric entities subject to curvature and fabrication constraints. By formulating waveguide routing as a geometry-constrained optimization problem, the proposed approach enables automatic generation of compact routing layouts while indirectly regulating routing-induced phase variations through curvature-aware design, without relying on circuit-scale full-wave electromagnetic optimization. The proposed framework is experimentally validated through the design and fabrication of an O-band arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)–based wavelength filter circuit on a silicon nitride (SiN) photonic platform. In comparison to a reference design based on a conventional box layout, the proposed routing method produces smoother curvature distributions along the arrayed waveguide arms and achieves lower insertion loss under a stringent minimum bend-radius condition. In particular, robust interferometric performance is maintained even for a minimum bend radius of <inline-formula><tex-math>$R_{min }=50 ,{mu }mathrm{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, which highlights the effectiveness of suppressing abrupt curvature variations in mitigating routing-induced residual interference. The proposed routing framework is not limited to AWG-based circuits, and it is applicable to a broad class of photonic integrated circuits that require precise control of path-dependent phase or latency. This offers a practical foundation for scalable layout generation in advanced photonic integrated systems by providing a systematic and automation-friendly approach to curvature-constrained and phase-aware routing.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 17","pages":"7613-7620"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11581408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxuan Cao;Dingcheng Wang;Yifan Li;Xu Liu;Zhaopeng Zhang;Liangliang Huang;Qing Yang;Bo Liu
{"title":"A Ground-Truth-Free Denoising Framework for Real-Time Raman-Based Distributed Temperature Sensing in Sapphire Fiber","authors":"Yuxuan Cao;Dingcheng Wang;Yifan Li;Xu Liu;Zhaopeng Zhang;Liangliang Huang;Qing Yang;Bo Liu","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3710328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3710328","url":null,"abstract":"Raman distributed temperature sensing (RDTS) is a promising solution for temperature monitoring in extreme environments. However, its practical performance is limited by the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) resulting from the low Raman gain of sapphire fibers. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first application of Noise2Noise (N2N)-based denoising for high-temperature sapphire-fiber RDTS. The proposed method, termed sapphire fiber Raman denoising algorithm based on Noise2Noise (S-RDN2N), enables effective single-frame denoising without requiring clean ground-truth labels, eliminating the need for simulated datasets or clean reference signals. Experimental results show that S-RDN2N achieves more than 20 dB SNR improvement relative to the raw single-frame measurement and enables single-frame temperature reconstruction at the 10 ms acquisition interval. Under the room-temperature condition, the temperature resolution is as low as 0.23% of the full-scale range, approaching that obtained by temporal averaging over 500 frames. Moreover, the effective spatial resolution width was evaluated as 6.12 cm without introducing noticeable distortion to the temperature profile. Compared with non-local means (NLM), wavelet-based denoising (WD) and Noise2Void (N2V), S-RDN2N achieves greater SNR improvement and better temperature resolution under low-SNR conditions. In addition, experiments with rapidly varying heat sources confirm that the proposed method enables accurate tracking of fast temperature transients without sacrificing temporal resolution.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 17","pages":"7744-7754"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11595480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physics-Informed Gradient Optimization of Multi-Step-Index Fibers for DMD and MDL Reduction","authors":"Jakub Kostial;Ming-Jun Li;Filipe M. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3713407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3713407","url":null,"abstract":"We present a fully differentiable, physics-informed optimization framework for the design of multi-step-index (MSI) multimode fibers with simultaneously low differential mode delay (DMD) and low mode-dependent loss (MDL). To enable efficient optimization, we develop a one-dimensional radial eigenmode solver exploiting the azimuthal symmetry of the profile. This approach allows the MSI fiber profile to be parameterized using tensors within a PyTorch-based framework, enabling efficient gradient updates. By applying implicit differentiation through the eigenmode solver, we construct a gradient-based optimizer that rapidly converges to the optimal fiber design. For comparison, we also implement a gradient-based optimization procedure for graded-core trench-assisted fiber profiles. Using this framework, we investigate MSI profiles supporting 7, 10, 14, 17, and 19 linearly polarized mode groups and compare them with optimally designed graded-index trench-assisted fibers. Across all mode-group configurations, MSI fibers achieve systematically lower maximum DMD while maintaining lower or comparable MDL levels than those of graded-index designs. Incorporating Rayleigh scattering, micro-bending, macro-bending, and confinement losses into the optimization objective demonstrates that MSI profiles provide a significantly more flexible design space, enabling substantial loss reduction with only marginal DMD penalty: a trade-off not possible with graded-index profiles.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 17","pages":"7712-7722"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}