Journal of Lightwave Technology最新文献

{"title":"Blank Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3681833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3681833","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 8","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11479471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3681831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3681831","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 8","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11479474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation of Lamb Wave Modes Using Remotely Bonded Seven-Core Fiber Bragg Grating Fabry-Pérot Interferometer","authors":"Junghyun Wee;Yupeng Zhu;Ming Han;Kara Peters","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3660507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3660507","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the use of a seven-core optical fiber with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pairs written into each core to identify the amplitudes of symmetric vs. antisymmetric Lamb waves traveling in a structure. The FBG pairs form Fabry-Perot interferometers to measure the amplitudes of the propagating waves in each fiber core. The magnitudes of the longitudinal and flexural modes in the optical fiber are then calculated from these amplitudes. An experimental demonstration of the calculation of the longitudinal and flexural mode amplitudes in the optical fiber is presented from the core modes. The relative phase delay between cores is also applied to better measure the amplitude of the flexural mode. The results are compared to independent measurements of the mode amplitudes in the fiber using a 3D micro-laser Doppler vibrometer.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2747-2755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical-Square-Method–Enhanced Ensemble Deep Learning for Accurate Demodulation of FBG Spectra","authors":"Siva Kumar Nagi;Amare Mulatie Dehnaw;Cheng-Kai Yao;Pei-Chung Liu;Zi-Gui Zhong;Michael Augustine Arockiyadoss;Peng-Chun Peng","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3648371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3648371","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces ensemble deep learning (EDL) models for accurate demodulation of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor spectra, with input training data enhanced through the numerical square method (NSM) technique. The method combines numerical squaring with EDL to improve prediction accuracy under noisy and overlapping spectral conditions. The proposed system uses an FBG interrogator with sensors embedded in transparent liquid containers to detect liquid level changes via Bragg wavelength shifts. However, changes in the liquid level shift the float position, causing overlap or cross-talk between adjacent sensors. To address this, the NSM enhances signal clarity by boosting authentic FBG responses and minimizing noise. Single, double, and triple NSM operations are applied to the experimental data to sharpen the reflection peaks and enhance overall signal quality, ensuring the data are well-prepared for training the EDL model. The EDL model combines CNNs for spectral feature extraction and LSTMs and GRUs for sequential pattern recognition and efficient learning, effectively capturing both spectral and sequential features. The EDL model is trained on the dataset enhanced by the NSM technique and validated using unseen experimental data to evaluate its performance. The results confirm that NSM efficiently sharpens reflection peaks, improves signal clarity, and reduces noise in FBG spectra, while the EDL model effectively demodulates the overlapping spectra. Experimental results demonstrate that the integrated NSM-EDL approach outperforms traditional machine learning and standalone deep learning models in terms of prediction accuracy, minimal errors, and computational time. The proposed method is cost-effective, hardware-efficient, and ideal for real-time multiplexed FBG sensing applications, such as liquid level monitoring.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2686-2696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3681860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3681860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11479472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast and High-Resolution Acoustic Imaging Localization Method With Fiber-Optic Fabry–Pérot Sensor Array","authors":"Jindong Liu;Yi Huang;Chengyong Hu;Yuanhang Ma;Hewen Chen;Chuanlu Deng;Xiaobei Zhang;Peng Wu;Yuncai Lu;Jian Shao;Qun Li;Tingyun Wang","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3638829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3638829","url":null,"abstract":"An improved deconvolution beamforming algorithm is put forward for acoustic imaging localization employing a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot (FP) sensor array. In this method, an adaptive step-size fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (AFISTA) is incorporated into the DAMAS2 framework to expedite the solution process. Additionally, the Richardson-Lucy (RL) algorithm is applied to enhance the spatial resolution of imaging. Simulation results reveal that, after 15 iterations, a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 0.051 m is achieved by the proposed algorithm, with the computation time being merely 2.60 s, approximately half of that required by the conventional algorithm. Experimental results indicate that, with the same number of iterations, an HPBW of 0.079 m is attained, and the computation time is 3.55 s. These results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm not only improves computational efficiency but also enhances imaging spatial resolution, thus rendering it well-suited for acoustic imaging localization in complex environments using a fiber-optic FP sensor array.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2816-2822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tantalum and Tantalum–Palladium Coated FBGs for Low-Concentration Hydrogen Sensing","authors":"Kasun Prabuddha Dissanayake;Ziqing Yuan;H. Sandra Dewi;Théo Travers;Herman Schreuders;Lars J. Bannenberg;Roger M. Groves","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3616783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3616783","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is a cornerstone of the emerging net-zero carbon economy, and its widespread deployment demands sensitive, stable, and scalable detection technologies. In this study, we present a comparative performance analysis of Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors coated with nanometre-thick metal hydride-forming layers—tantalum (Ta), tantalum-palladium alloy (Ta <inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.88}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Pd<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.12}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), palladium (Pd), and palladium-gold alloy (Pd <inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Au<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.4}$</tex-math></inline-formula>)—for optical hydrogen sensing. The integration of Ta and Ta <inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.88}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Pd<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.12}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, two tantalum-based metal hydrides, with FBG sensors is introduced here for the first time, offering a promising alternative to conventional Pd-based materials. All coatings were deposited via magnetron sputtering and tested under controlled hydrogen exposure across concentrations ranging from 0.001% to 100% H <inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The Ta-based FBGs exhibited outstanding performance, showing a remarkably linear relative wavelength shift over the full tested range (0.001% to 100% H<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), with sensitivity detectable down to 10 ppm—the lowest concentration achievable in the current setup. Both Ta and Ta<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.88}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Pd<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.12}$</tex-math></inline-formula> sensors exhibited fully reversible and hysteresis-free response characteristics, with rapid response and recovery. Among them, the Ta <inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.88}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Pd<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.12}$</tex-math></inline-formula> sensor with a 100 nm coating demonstrated the highest logarithmic sensitivity of <inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>9 pm/decade(%H <inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), corresponding to a 9 pm wavelength shift for every tenfold increase in hydrogen concentration between 0.001% and 100% H₂. In contrast, Pd and Pd<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Au<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.4}$</tex-math></inline-formula> sensors showed degraded performance at low concentrations and greater signal hysteresis. These results underscore the potential of Ta and Ta <inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.88}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Pd<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{0.12}$</tex-math></inline-formula> coatings as robust and high-performance alternatives to conventional Pd-based materials for next-generation distributed fibre-optic hydrogen sensing systems.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2776-2782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11186197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne Audible Sound Detection via Phase Bias-Enhanced Sagnac Interferometer Using 3 × 3 Fiber Coupler","authors":"Zijian Wang;Yosuke Mizuno;Kentaro Nakamura","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3638359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3638359","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, fiber-optic interferometers have attracted considerable attention for airborne acoustic wave detection. Among them, the Sagnac interferometer has been particularly favored due to its strong suppression of low-frequency thermal disturbances and vibrational noise. This paper proposes a phase-bias-enhanced Sagnac interferometric system, which introduces a stable phase bias via a 3 × 3 fiber coupler, significantly improving acoustic sensitivity. The system eliminates the need for mechanical diaphragms and instead detects sound through refractive index modulation in air, offering higher stability and retaining intrinsic immunity to electromagnetic interference. Its acoustic sensing element adopts a free-space optical path without physical barriers, minimizing disturbance to the acoustic field during measurement. In addition, the system architecture avoids the use of expensive and complex optical components such as electro-optic modulators, resulting in a more compact, simplified, and cost-effective design. Experimental results demonstrate successful detection of airborne audible sound in the 200 Hz–13 kHz range using an 8 km fiber delay coil. The Sagnac system achieves up to 1.23 × 10⁻² Pa/√Hz sensitivity with an SNR of 43.9 dB at 7700 Hz, demonstrating excellent robustness. This research presents a simple, stable, and cost-efficient solution for high-precision acoustic sensing, showing great potential for applications in sound monitoring, environmental perception, and non-contact acoustic signal acquisition.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2823-2830"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced RPSO Acoustic Localization Algorithm With Fiber-Optic Fabry–Pérot Self-Calibration Multiplexing Demodulation System","authors":"Hewen Chen;Yi Huang;Yuanhang Ma;Chengyong Hu;Chuanlu Deng;Xiaobei Zhang;Qun Li;Jian Shao;Peng Wu;Yuncai Lu;Tingyun Wang","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3636555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3636555","url":null,"abstract":"An enhanced reference particle swarm optimization (RPSO) acoustic localization algorithm with fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot self-calibration multiplexing demodulation system is proposed. The system employs self-calibrating wavelength modulation technology to achieve stable simultaneous demodulation and high-precision time delay measurement for sensors with different cavity lengths. Experimental results demonstrate that the system maintains signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) above 45 dB of the 40–95 kHz frequency range in 4-channel multiplexing scenarios, providing reliable time difference of arrival (TDOA) information for sound source localization (SSL). Building upon this foundation, the proposed RPSO algorithm introduces a reference set mechanism and dynamic inertia weight strategy, effectively addressing the slow convergence and low positioning accuracy of conventional algorithms in complex environments. SSL experiments demonstrate that under identical test conditions, the RPSO algorithm consistently maintains localization errors within 1 cm while reducing required iterations by 80% compared to the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, significantly improving the real-time performance and accuracy of the localization system.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2803-2809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Compensation for the Impact of IOC Half-Wave Voltage Thermal Dependence Errors on Scale Factor of IFOGs","authors":"Tiezhi Li;Jing Jin;Xiaowei Wang;Shuo Liu;Hui Yao;Xiong Pan;Xiaxiao Wang;Ningfang Song","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3640851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3640851","url":null,"abstract":"Interferometric fiber optical gyroscopes (IFOGs) serve as rotation rate sensors operating on the Sagnac effect. The digital phase ramp feedback detection scheme is currently the global industry standard. However, the half-wave voltage of the integrated optical chip (IOC) used for phase modulation demonstrates high sensitivity to ambient temperature fluctuations, significantly impacting the IFOG scale factor. This study investigates the thermal dependence of the IOC half-wave voltage and its effect on scale factor accuracy. We further analyze how reset errors during digital phase ramp resets, induced by half-wave voltage variations, influence scale factor performance, establishing a quantitative relationship between reset error and scale factor inaccuracy. The principles of a secondary closed-loop system for tracking half-wave voltage fluctuations are presented, along with its operational limitations. Leveraging the thermal dependence model of a lithium niobate modulator's half-wave voltage, we propose a cost-effective half-wave voltage tracking method for scale factor compensation. Verification results demonstrate tracking accuracy exceeding 406 ppm.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2714-2721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}