Journal of Lightwave Technology最新文献_第2页

Simultaneous Distributed Acoustic and Temperature Sensing for Robust Leakage Detection in Gas Pipelines 基于分布式声温传感的燃气管道鲁棒泄漏检测

IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2026.3671630

V. P. Anand;Neethu Sasikumar;V. R. Ranjith;Arsath Abbasali Ayubali;T. P. Yuvaraj;Balaji Srinivasan

{"title":"Simultaneous Distributed Acoustic and Temperature Sensing for Robust Leakage Detection in Gas Pipelines","authors":"V. P. Anand;Neethu Sasikumar;V. R. Ranjith;Arsath Abbasali Ayubali;T. P. Yuvaraj;Balaji Srinivasan","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3671630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3671630","url":null,"abstract":"We report a comprehensive study carried out for the robust detection of leakages in gas pipelines based on simultaneous distributed sensing of acoustics and temperature due to the leakage event. Such signatures corresponding to the leakage event have been simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Our CFD analysis reveals that low-porosity soil like clay transmit acoustic waves efficiently thereby facilitating ease of detection using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), while high-porosity soil like sand exhibit stronger thermal conductivity favoring distributed temperature sensing (DTS). Such observations highlight the importance of simultaneous measurements using DAS and DTS for consistent leak detection across diverse soil conditions. The detection of such signatures through a simultaneous DAS/DTS measurement system are then simulated using a unified numerical model of the Rayleigh/Raman scattering in a standard singlemode fiber and various noise components. Finally, the simulation results are experimentally validated using controlled experiments conducted over a 43 km-long standard telecom-grade single-mode optical fiber with a spatial resolution of 10 m. Further validation was performed on a pressurized buried pipeline testbed under desert soil conditions, confirming the systems effectiveness in detecting controlled leak events under realistic field conditions. These findings clearly demonstrate the advantage of combining DAS and DTS technologies for reliable and consistent leak detection across diverse underground environments.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2849-2857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11426778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neutron Radiation Response of Optical Fiber Gratings for Sensing in Harsh Environment 恶劣环境下传感用光纤光栅的中子辐射响应

IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3650002

Gaia Maria Berruti;Lorenzo Scherino;Patrizio Vaiano;Simona Zuppolini;Aldobenedetto Zotti;Giuseppe Quero;Mauro Zarrelli;Anna Borriello;Paolo Petagna;Andrea Cusano;Marco Consales

{"title":"Neutron Radiation Response of Optical Fiber Gratings for Sensing in Harsh Environment","authors":"Gaia Maria Berruti;Lorenzo Scherino;Patrizio Vaiano;Simona Zuppolini;Aldobenedetto Zotti;Giuseppe Quero;Mauro Zarrelli;Anna Borriello;Paolo Petagna;Andrea Cusano;Marco Consales","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3650002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3650002","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring in radiation-intensive environments poses major challenges for conventional sensing technologies, which often suffer from performance degradation, high maintenance demands and limited long-term stability. In this context, optical fiber (OF) sensors represent a promising alternative. However, their deployment in such applications requires a systematic qualification of their radiation response under realistic operating conditions. In this work we report on results collected during the first neutron irradiation campaign of both bare and titanium dioxide-coated UV-written Long Period Gratings (LPGs), as well as Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) inscribed by UV and femtosecond laser techniques, in photosensitive B-Ge doped fibers. The LPGs were exposed to a cumulative neutron fluence of ∼3.4 × 1015 n/cm2, while the FBGs to a higher fluence of ∼8.6 × 1015 n/cm2. The spectral response of the investigated samples under neutron irradiation was analyzed with respect to wavelength shifts and visibility variations. Collected results clearly demonstrate the robustness of OF devices in neutron environments and highlight the potential of nanoscale coatings to design radiation-hardened optical sensors. Moreover, such advances enable strategies for the development of enhanced OF sensing platforms for environmental monitoring in nuclear and high-energy physics applications.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2858-2865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shape Sensing for Detecting Low Curvature Using Indoor Optical Cable 基于室内光缆的低曲率形状检测

IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2026.3673315

Shintaro Nakamoto;Makito Kobayashi;Nobutomo Hanzawa;Takashi Matsui;Kazuhide Nakajima;Hideaki Murayama

{"title":"Shape Sensing for Detecting Low Curvature Using Indoor Optical Cable","authors":"Shintaro Nakamoto;Makito Kobayashi;Nobutomo Hanzawa;Takashi Matsui;Kazuhide Nakajima;Hideaki Murayama","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3673315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3673315","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach for shape sensing using indoor optical cables. The distributed strain sensing (DSS) system adopts Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR), which makes it suitable for applications that require long-distance DSS system, such as structural health monitoring of large-scale infrastructures. To the best of our knowledge, previous studies using BOTDR have been limited to detecting the curvatures of approximately 1.0 <inline-formula><tex-math>${{mathbf{m}}^{ - 1}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> or higher. This limitation is mainly due to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), where the amount of bending strain is small relative to the measurement error. The use of indoor optical cables, which have relatively large core-to-core distances, are effective in improving the SNR. Moreover, the rectangular cross-section of the cable allows installation with its longer side in contact with the structure, which helps suppress fiber twists. In this study, we developed a two-dimensional shape sensing algorithm with the compensation of core-to-core distances. The algorithm also averages measurements from multiple cores to reduce the measurement errors. Experimental results show the shapes with the curvature as low as 0.098 <inline-formula><tex-math>${{mathbf{m}}^{ - 1}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> were reconstructed successfully, demonstrating the potential of indoor optical cables for the detection of relatively low curvature. Indoor optical cables thus provide an effective approach to shape sensing, particularly in the applications that require the monitoring of large-scale structures.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2810-2815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11433602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-Referenced Carrier Frequency Offset Interferogram Correction for Distributed Sensing Using Dual-Comb Systems 基于双梳系统的自参考载波频偏干涉图校正

IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3632397

A. Romero-Barrueco;C. Escobar-Vera;C. Quevedo-Galán;A. Rosado;J. Mateu-Comas;S. Martin-Lopez;M. Gonzalez-Herraez;I. Esquivias;M. R. Fernández-Ruiz

{"title":"Self-Referenced Carrier Frequency Offset Interferogram Correction for Distributed Sensing Using Dual-Comb Systems","authors":"A. Romero-Barrueco;C. Escobar-Vera;C. Quevedo-Galán;A. Rosado;J. Mateu-Comas;S. Martin-Lopez;M. Gonzalez-Herraez;I. Esquivias;M. R. Fernández-Ruiz","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3632397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3632397","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-comb interferometry (DCI) has become a key tool in an ever-increasing number of applications, including precision spectroscopy, high-resolution ranging, and distributed optical fiber sensing. These techniques benefit from the ability of dual frequency combs (DFC) to retrieve complex-valued information over broad bandwidths with high spectral resolution and accuracy, and without the need for moving parts. However, the long-term coherence required for accurate time-domain analysis is often compromised by carrier frequency offset (CFO), which introduces phase drifts and spectral misalignment between successive interferograms. Although a wide number of CFO correction algorithms and procedures have been reported in the literature, they are generally valid for completely static measurement applications like spectroscopy, or in applications where sharp temporal features are present in the interferogram. Therefore, these methods prove inadequate in emerging applications of DCI that involve time-varying interferograms or where the temporal response has no clear signature, such as distributed optical fiber sensing. In this work, we present a self-referenced spectral-domain CFO compensation method suitable for distributed sensing systems, initially validated in a spectroscopy configuration. The technique has been refined and extended to support distributed fiber-optic measurements using DFCs generated from various laser sources. The proposed correction enables substantial improvements in signal integrity, effectively restoring the additive-noise-limited regime from the previously phase-noise-dominated scenario. This transition represents a key step toward fully coherent data recovery, ensuring stable averaging performance and reliable spectral interpretation in both spectroscopy and distributed fiber sensing experiments.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2704-2713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11244837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large CP-ϕOTDR Assisted by Raman Amplification for Long-Range Millikelvin Fiber Thermometry 拉曼放大辅助下远距离毫开尔文光纤测温的大CP-ϕOTDR

IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3632875

Laura Hernández-Martín;Javier Preciado-Garbayo;Jorge Canudo;Juan D. Ania-Castañón;Hugo F. Martins

{"title":"Large CP-ϕOTDR Assisted by Raman Amplification for Long-Range Millikelvin Fiber Thermometry","authors":"Laura Hernández-Martín;Javier Preciado-Garbayo;Jorge Canudo;Juan D. Ania-Castañón;Hugo F. Martins","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3632875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3632875","url":null,"abstract":"The use of CP-ϕOTDR with large (8 GHz) optical chirps is researched for long-range long-term distributed fiber millikelvin thermometry. Copropagating and bidirectional first order Raman distributed amplification is tested, demonstrating operation in up to 75 km of SMF with 8 m spatial resolution. For varying input optical powers, the impact of nonlinear effects is analyzed. Using the increased measurand dynamic range and long-term fiber reference stability, the system is able to resume coherent temperature tracking, without discontinuities, after multiple hour-long measurement interruptions. A 10 Hz fiber sampling ensures compatibility of operation in dynamic environments. Instrumental error is placed at sub-MHz, (equivalent to sub-millikelvin errors for SMF), considering the tracking of daily variations of several degrees. As an application showcase, positions separated by ∼500 m (in fiber length), but placed in equivalent physical locations in a fiber spool, recorded similar weeklong temperature cycles, with only a few mK of average deviation between them (while intermediate fiber positions recorded deviations of 100’s of mK), reinforcing the notion of long term millikelvin thermometry. Spatial symmetries associated with different fiber spools were readily mapped by tracking the distributed temperature variation patterns.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2722-2731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11249477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BOCDR Achieving 6-mm Spatial Resolution at Modulation Frequencies Close to Brillouin Bandwidth 在接近布里渊带宽的调制频率下实现6毫米空间分辨率的BOCDR

IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3640608

Keita Kikuchi;Heeyoung Lee;Ryuki Ohata;Kohei Noda;Ryo Inoue;Yosuke Mizuno

{"title":"BOCDR Achieving 6-mm Spatial Resolution at Modulation Frequencies Close to Brillouin Bandwidth","authors":"Keita Kikuchi;Heeyoung Lee;Ryuki Ohata;Kohei Noda;Ryo Inoue;Yosuke Mizuno","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3640608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3640608","url":null,"abstract":"This study experimentally investigates the operation of Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR) at modulation frequencies near the Brillouin bandwidth, typically several tens of megahertz for silica fibers, where no prior experimental verification has been reported despite its potential to enhance spatial resolution. Observations of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) revealed that periodic components originating from the modulation frequency appeared when the frequency exceeded approximately 25 MHz. In BOCDR, where the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) is obtained from the BGS peak frequency, such periodic components may degrade strain- and temperature-measurement accuracy. First, distributed temperature measurements were demonstrated at a spatial resolution of 8.5 mm using the highest modulation frequency (∼20 MHz) without periodic components, detecting a temperature change over a 9 mm section. The effect of periodic components on temperature measurements was then examined, showing that they deteriorate the linearity of the BFS-temperature dependence. Furthermore, by suppressing these components via signal processing, linearity was maintained even at modulation frequencies above ∼30 MHz, enabling distributed measurements. Finally, by applying the suppression method at ∼40 MHz, distributed strain and temperature measurements were achieved with a world-record spatial resolution of 6 mm. This experimental verification of BOCDR spatial resolution is expected to contribute to further performance improvements.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2831-2840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11278604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperature Sensing Based on Forward Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Few-Mode Optical Fibers 基于前向受激布里渊散射的低模光纤温度传感

IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3642817

Yichun Li;Liang Zhang;Yu Chen;Heming Wei;Mengshi Zhu;Yunqi Liu;Fufei Pang;Tingyun Wang;Marcelo A. Soto

{"title":"Temperature Sensing Based on Forward Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Few-Mode Optical Fibers","authors":"Yichun Li;Liang Zhang;Yu Chen;Heming Wei;Mengshi Zhu;Yunqi Liu;Fufei Pang;Tingyun Wang;Marcelo A. Soto","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3642817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3642817","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel high-resolution temperature sensing technique based on forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) activated by high-order optical modes (HOMs) in few-mode fibers (FMFs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Both simulations and experiments show that HOMs significantly enhance the amplitude of higher-order guided acoustic modes compared to fundamental optical mode operation in conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs), leading to improved sensing performance. By exploiting these amplified acoustic resonances, the approach achieves enhanced temperature resolution in FSBS-based sensors. Specifically, using the LP02 mode in a four-mode fiber (4MF) yields a measured temperature resolution of 0.04 °C, representing an improvement over the resolution experimentally obtained with fundamental-mode operation both in the same 4MF and in an SMF. In addition, a numerical analysis further explores the FSBS spectra involving HOMs such as LP03 in six- and nine-mode fibers, confirming that the resulting excitation of higher-order acoustic modes can potentially yield further improvements in the temperature resolution. This work advances the understanding of FSBS in FMFs for temperature sensing applications and paves the way for the future development of high-performance distributed temperature sensors based on sub-GHz spectral scanning for a wide range of applications.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2841-2848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High Performance Distributed Acoustic Sensor Based on TGD-OFDR and Frequency-Shifting Loop 基于TGD-OFDR和移频环路的高性能分布式声传感器

IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3630598

Yimin Luo;Qingwen Liu;Chaozhu Liu;Xinyu Fan;Zuyuan He

{"title":"High Performance Distributed Acoustic Sensor Based on TGD-OFDR and Frequency-Shifting Loop","authors":"Yimin Luo;Qingwen Liu;Chaozhu Liu;Xinyu Fan;Zuyuan He","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3630598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3630598","url":null,"abstract":"A high performance distributed fiber-optic acoustic sensor (DAS) system is proposed based on time-gated digital optical frequency-domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR) structure, and a frequency-shifting loop (FSL) is employed to generate broadband frequency-swept pulse sequence with low noise level through cyclic frequency shifting. These sub-pulses are utilized for both fading noise suppression and frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) to realize high signal to noise ratio, high spatial resolution and broad response frequency. To compensate for the power loss in the FSL, a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with negligible transient response is integrated into the FSL to produce power-stabilized sub-pulses. The experimental results demonstrate a vibration frequency response bandwidth of 244 <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{kHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, a strain resolution 35 <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{p}varepsilon /sqrt{text{Hz}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and a spatial resolution of 1 m over a distance of 510 m. The proposed system achieves fading noise suppression without sacrificing spatial resolution along with high frequency response vibration detection, exhibiting significant application potentials in the applications such as electromechanical equipment condition monitoring.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 7","pages":"2732-2738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reversible pH-Sensing Using U-Bent Optical Fibers Coated With Layer-by-Layer Polymer Multilayers 用u型弯曲光纤包覆一层一层聚合物多层膜的可逆ph传感

IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2026.3666865

Hirofumi Okuda;Kiyoshi Hirakawa;Serhiy Korposh;Seung-Woo Lee

引用次数: 0

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IF 4.8 1区工程技术

Journal of Lightwave Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-10 DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2026.3681862

引用次数: 0