ACS Earth and Space Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Stepwise Identification of Geochemical Processes and Parameters for Chromium Reactive Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media","authors":"Yang Cao,&nbsp;Zhenxue Dai*,&nbsp;Hao Wang*,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhang,&nbsp;Mohamad Reza Soltanian,&nbsp;Huichao Yin and Kenneth C. Carroll,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00077","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sediment physical and chemical properties play major roles in controlling geochemical processes in groundwater. This study focuses on the fate and transport of Cr(VI) in natural sediments from Qiqihar, China. Column experiments were performed to evaluate the mobility of Cr(VI) in various sediments. Rather than relying on subjective trial-and-error curve fitting, we propose a stepwise inverse method to quantitatively identify hydrogeochemical processes. In each step, potential geochemical processes, such as surface complexation, reduction, cation exchange, adsorption, and mineral dissolution/precipitation, were incorporated into the multicomponent reactive transport model. Four model selection criteria (<i>AIC</i>, <i>BIC</i>, <i>AICc</i>, <i>KIC</i>) were used for model identification. Our findings indicate that Cr(VI) undergoes both surface complexation and reduction processes. The degree of the surface complexation reaction is influenced by the specific surface area of the sediment, while the extent of reduction depends on the organic matter content of the sediment. The major cations in groundwater are mainly influenced by cation exchange, with a smaller contribution from adsorption. Under the experimental conditions, the impact of mineral dissolution/precipitation on the Cr(VI) transport was negligible. Through parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis, we explained most of the uncertainty in the model. The results obtained provide valuable insights for reactive solute transport modeling and significantly enhance our understanding of Cr(VI) behavior in groundwater.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 9","pages":"2230–2244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sampling and Purification Methods for Dating by Atom Trap Trace Analysis in Various Environmental Applications","authors":"Yannis Arck*,&nbsp;Florian Meienburg,&nbsp;David Wachs,&nbsp;Stefan Beyersdorfer,&nbsp;Arne Kersting,&nbsp;Maximilian Schmidt,&nbsp;Markus Oberthaler and Werner Aeschbach,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00128","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) has enabled new applications of the noble gas radioisotopes ³⁹Ar, ⁸¹Kr, and ⁸⁵Kr for dating environmental processes in a broad range of environmental systems on time scales of years to about 1 Myr. Compared to low-level counting of ³⁹Ar and ⁸⁵Kr, ATTA has reduced sample size requirements from over 1000 to a few liters of water. The scope of possible applications has widened from groundwater systems to the global ocean, stratified lakes, alpine glaciers, and ice deposits, or even nonhydrological systems like permafrost and rocks. New applications and sample types require appropriate sampling and preparation procedures, presented herein with a focus on ³⁹Ar applications in ocean water, lake water, and glacier ice. Water (or gas) samples with volumes around 10 L can be collected, transported, and stored in commercial propane gas bottles. Blocks or drill cores of ice must be transported frozen, transferred into suitable vacuum containers, evacuated, and then melted to release trapped gases. A dedicated sample preparation line extracts all gases from the sample containers. After removing water vapor the remaining gases are collected on a cooled activated charcoal trap. Thereafter, the gas mixture passes two titanium sponge getters at different temperatures to absorb all reactive gases, leaving only the purified inert noble gases with a dominating argon fraction. An additional gas-chromatographic separation of krypton from argon is possible if required. The presence of vast amounts of gases may necessitate sophisticated sampling methods and modifications to the preparation process to remove the undesired bulk gases before the standardized purification to protect the getters. Important purification parameters of selected samples from field campaigns are presented as examples for different environmental compartments, including groundwater, ocean water, extremely gas-rich lake water, and glacier ice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 7","pages":"1927–1937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helium Diffusion Kinetics in Enstatite, Kamacite, and Albite, With Implications for the Cosmic Ray Exposure Ages of Enstatite (E) Chondrites","authors":"Moshammat Mijjum*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Marissa M. Tremblay,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00112","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages are used to constrain the orbital and impact history of meteorites and identify their parent body or source region. CRE ages of enstatite (E) chondrites obtained from measurements of ³He are often much younger than ²¹Ne CRE ages measured in the same meteorite, which is often attributed to diffusive loss of ³He via solar heating during orbit. With knowledge of the diffusion kinetics of ³He in the major minerals making up E chondrites, we can leverage this discrepancy in CRE ages to infer a meteorite’s recent thermal history. To this end, we performed stepwise degassing experiments on fragments of albite, enstatite and kamacite, the dominant minerals in E chondrites, that were irradiated with protons to produce ³He. We find albite displays simple, Arrhenius-dependent ³He diffusion behavior, whereas enstatite and kamacite exhibit somewhat more complex diffusion behavior. We find that cosmogenic ³He will be readily lost from albite in the space environment, enstatite can exhibit significant ³He loss if exposed to high temperatures characteristic of low perihelion on million year time scales, and kamacite is highly retentive of ³He and unlikely to experience direct diffusive loss. These diffusion kinetics parameters can also be used to understand the exposure and thermal histories of other meteorite classes, terrestrial cosmogenic ³He applications, and mantle noble gas systematics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 7","pages":"1881–1892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Interstellar Ion-Neutral Reactions Using the Unified Reaction Valley Approach: The Case of the CCl+ + CH3CN Reaction","authors":"Kevin Fleming,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Elfi Kraka*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitriles are a notable subset of nitrogen-bearing molecules detected within the interstellar medium (ISM). The cyano group (C≡N) enables these species to serve as potential chemical precursors for the formation of prebiotic molecules (e.g., amino acids) among other astrochemically relevant compounds. Acetonitrile, CH₃CN, is one of the simplest detected nitriles that has garnered the attention of the astrochemical community. In this study, a computational mechanistic investigation of the reaction between CH₃CN and the carbon monochloride cation, CCl⁺, was conducted. One of the reaction’s primary products, protonated acetylene (C₂H₃⁺), was recently detected at the <i>z</i> = 0.89 molecular absorber in front of the quasar PKS 1830-211 [ <cite><i>Astron. Astrophys.</i></cite> <span>2024</span>, <em>683</em>, <elocation-id>A62</elocation-id>], where CH₃CN [ <cite><i>Astron. Astrophys.</i></cite> <span>2011</span>, <em>535</em>, <elocation-id>A103</elocation-id>] and HCl, the proposed chemical precursor of CCl⁺ [ <cite><i>Astron. Astrophys.</i></cite> <span>2019</span>, <em>629</em>, <elocation-id>A128</elocation-id>; <cite><i>Astrophys.J.</i></cite> <span>2009</span>, <em>706</em>, 1594], have been previously detected. This detection points to the possibility that the reaction occurs within this molecular absorber, and C₂H₃⁺ could serve as a proxy for detecting CCl⁺. The Unified Reaction Valley Approach (URVA) method, developed by our group, was utilized to acquire precise insights into the reaction’s mechanism. Among other mechanistic insights, we find that the dissociation of the acetonitrile’s CN bond is critical to the formation of the C₂H₃⁺ molecular ion, whose exceptionally mobile hydrogen atoms are heavily involved in the four reaction pathways which produce the primary products of the reaction. This study demonstrates the utility of URVA for the in-depth mechanistic analysis of ion-neutral gas-phase reactions in the ISM.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 7","pages":"1837–1847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Isoprene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Pathways at an Urban and a Forest Site","authors":"Ping Liu,&nbsp;Xiang Ding*,&nbsp;Daniel J. Bryant,&nbsp;Yu-Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Jun-Qi Wang,&nbsp;Kong Yang,&nbsp;Qian Cheng,&nbsp;Hao Jiang,&nbsp;Zi-Rui Wang,&nbsp;Yun-Feng He,&nbsp;Bo-Xuan Li,&nbsp;Mei-Yu Zhao,&nbsp;Jacqueline F. Hamilton,&nbsp;Andrew R. Rickard* and Xin-Ming Wang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00398","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In isoprene oxidation, epoxides are crucial for forming isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (iSOA), significantly impacting the global atmospheric aerosol burden and composition. Isoprene dihydroxyepoxydiols (IEPOX) and hydroxymethyl–methyl-α-lactone (HMML) are key reactive gas-phase intermediates under low- and high-NO conditions, respectively. IEPOX and/or HMML can undergo nucleophilic reactions with both sulfate and water, producing isoprene-derived organosulfates (iOSs) and oxygen-containing tracers (iOTs). In this study, high temporal observations of iSOA species indicate that although OS formation in the urban and forest areas exhibited similar diurnal variations, the average concentrations of biogenic OSs decreased significantly from the urban site to the forest site. Additionally, at the urban site, the nucleophilic addition reaction is more likely to occur with sulfate (iOSs/iOTs = 1.51), while at the forest site, water serves as the dominant reactant (iOSs/iOTs = 0.81). We have also estimated the branching ratios of nucleophilic reaction pathways with sulfate and water at the different sites. At the Guangzhou urban site, the branching ratio of IEPOX with sulfate:water has a mean of 42.4%:57.6%, whereas for HMML, it is 64.3%:35.7%. At the forest site, the branching ratio of IEPOX with sulfate:water is roughly equal at 48.3%:51.7%, while for HMML, the preference is for reaction with water with a ratio of 33.7%:66.3%. Furthermore, the concentrations of iOSs were significantly correlated with the product of [O₃]·[SO₄^2–]. This correlation was stronger than the individual correlations of major iOSs with [O₃] and [SO₄^2–]. Thus, higher levels of OS were attributed to enhanced photochemical processing and increased levels of sulfate. This research offers valuable insights into the impacts of biogenic–anthropogenic interactions and the factors controlling the formation of iSOA in polluted areas via nucleophilic addition reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 7","pages":"1752–1767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Volatile Organic Compound Product Distributions under Reduced NOx Conditions in the NSF NCAR Atmospheric Simulation Chamber: Implications for In Situ VOC Measurements","authors":"Elizabeth Asher,&nbsp;Rebecca S. Hornbrook,&nbsp;Behrooz Roozitalab,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang,&nbsp;John Ortega,&nbsp;Geoffrey S. Tyndall,&nbsp;Alan J. Hills,&nbsp;John J. Orlando and Eric C. Apel*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00407","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Atmospheric oxidation of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) under low nitrogen oxide conditions plays a critical role in the formation of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), yet measurements reflecting an accurate representation of these processes remain challenging. This study investigates the oxidation products of <i>n</i>-butane and 1-butene (C₄ oxidation) under both low and high NO_<i>x</i> regimes and of isoprene in a low NO_<i>x</i> regime using the NSF NCAR atmospheric simulation chamber. Measurements were obtained using the Trace Organic Gas Analyzer (TOGA) and a proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) and compared with predictions from a box model using the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.3.1). Our results show that under low NO_<i>x</i> conditions, C₄ hydroperoxides convert on the PTR-MS instrument surfaces to carbonyl artifacts, precluding an accurate picture of atmospheric composition. The PTR-MS conversion efficiencies for <i>n</i>-butane hydroperoxides, 1-butene hydroxy hydroperoxides, and ISOPOOH to carbonyl products were found to be 35 ± 1%, 67 ± 5%, and 24 ± 2%, respectively. TOGA exhibited minimal bias due to its inert internal surfaces. To further investigate surface effects, this study assessed the relative conversion of hydroperoxides to carbonyl products during analyte transmission through both stainless steel (SS) tubing and tubing treated to improve inertness (Restek Sulfinert) at different temperatures. We found that the conversion efficiency increases with temperature for hydroperoxides formed from both isoprene and C₄ oxidation and that the treated surface tubing is far superior to that of untreated SS in preventing these conversion reactions. These findings highlight the potential for significant error from the reported low NO_<i>x</i> oxidation products of the many other hydrocarbons in historical VOC data sets, apart from the previously studied isoprene. Accurate quantification of OVOCs in these environments is essential for refining atmospheric models and understanding chemical cycling in the changing NO_<i>x</i> landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 7","pages":"1737–1751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Photo-Oxidation Reactions of Aquatic Organic Matter Using Triple Oxygen Isotopes","authors":"Daniel R. Crocker*,&nbsp;Kevin M. Sutherland,&nbsp;Benjamin Freudenberg,&nbsp;Kimberly Alonso,&nbsp;Ann Pearson,&nbsp;Collin P. Ward and David T. Johnston*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00057","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The three-isotope system of oxygen (¹⁶O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O) is a powerful tool to study environmental oxidation chemistry and cycling of oxygen-bearing species (e.g., sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, etc.). Despite its evident utility, little work has focused on extending the triple oxygen isotope (Δ’¹⁷O) tool to oxygen contained in organic matter (OM). This is largely due to methodological challenges with isolating OM-bound oxygen and preparing it for isotopic analysis. Herein, we report on a newly developed method for high-precision Δ’¹⁷O measurements of OM (Δ’¹⁷O precision of 0.020‰) and apply this technique to investigate partial photochemical oxidation of Suwannee River natural OM in air-equilibrated aquatic samples. Through this, we reveal that the oxygen isotope evolution of the Suwannee OM supports a model whereby OM partial photo-oxidation proceeds via one or more reactive oxygen intermediates. Our measurements further highlight the potential of triple oxygen isotope analyses on OM-bound oxygen to fingerprint OM oxidation pathways, redox chemistry, and source and synthesis reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 7","pages":"1780–1790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144808459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Distributions and Sources of Water-Soluble Monocarboxylic Acids (C1–C10) in the Marine Aerosols Collected from the Western Pacific and Southern Ocean","authors":"Bhagawati Kunwar,&nbsp;Ambarish Pokhrel,&nbsp;Takeji Niwai and Kimitaka Kawamura*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00385","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Low molecular weight (LMW) monocarboxylic acids (monoacids) are hygroscopic in nature and thus have an impact on cloud activation ability and the global climate system. This study provides new findings on spatial distributions and chemical compositions of monoacids in marine aerosols from the Western Pacific (WP) and Southern Ocean (SO). In addition, we disclose the formation mechanism of monoacids in the WP and SO. Marine aerosol samples (<i>n</i> = 27) were collected over the oceans and analyzed for LMW monoacids (C₁–C₁₀). Normal and branched chains (iC₄, iC₅, and iC₆) and aromatic acids (benzoic and toluic) were detected over the WP and SO. Their averaged molecular distributions over the SO showed the predominance of acetic acid (C₂) (5.2 ng m^–3) followed by formic (C₁) (4.1 ng m^–3), nonanoic (C₉), and decanoic acid (C₁₀), whereas over the WP, the concentrations of C₁ (9.7 ng m^–3) and C₂ (9.6) are in a similar level followed by C₉ and C₁₀. The molecular distributions of branched-chain monoacids (iC₅ &gt; iC₄) are similar to those obtained by the laboratory oxidation of isoprene (C₅), suggesting that isoprene oxidation is an important source for those acids. We found a different source of formic and acetic acid over the SO. Regression analysis (<i>R</i>² = 0.67, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) of formic acid with total sulfur suggests a link to biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) via photochemical oxidation, whereas C₂ is suggested to form via the degradation of iC₅, C₇, and C₈ over the SO. In contrast, over the WP, it is likely that mixed sources of biogenic and anthropogenic activities influenced the distributions of formic and acetic acids in marine aerosols.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 7","pages":"1713–1723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144808542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compounds at a Rural Site in South Korea","authors":"Avinash Shastri,&nbsp;Jayant Nirmalkar,&nbsp;Seunggi Kim,&nbsp;Sangmin Oh,&nbsp;Kwangyul Lee and Mijung Song*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00012","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have attracted increasing attention because of their emissions, secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP), and human health risks, particularly in Northeastern countries. This study employed gas chromatography to describe anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) and their associated potential health risks at a rural site in Seosan, South Korea, during four seasons (winter, summer, spring, and autumn) from 2020 to 2022. The mean concentration of ∑₃₄VOCs was found to be 21.2 ± 26.6 μg/m³, with significant seasonal variation, peaking in autumn at 33.6 ± 40.4 μg/m³. Aromatics dominated the AVOC profile, comprising over 70% of the total, with ∑₁₆aromatics averaging 15.7 ± 20.1 μg/m³. Diurnal patterns showed higher AVOC concentrations at night, which was attributed to a lower planetary boundary layer height. Diagnostic ratios indicated seasonal emission sources: biomass burning and industrial activities in winter and spring, biomass burning in summer, and diverse sources, including solvents and agricultural activities used in autumn. Secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) was highest in autumn and summer, contributing significantly to PM_2.5 levels. Benzene and toluene dominated the SOAFP, constituting 78, 85, 73, and 67% in the winter, summer, spring, and autumn, respectively. A Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the carcinogen benzene exceeded the permissible limits (1 × 10^–6), suggesting potential harm to humans. However, the noncancer risks of the seven selected AVOCs remained below the specified limits (hazard quotient [HQ] &lt; 1). This study provides vital insights into the impacts of AVOCs on human health and atmospheric processes in rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 7","pages":"1768–1779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144808470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moon Meteorite Dar al Gani 400: Utilizing Mössbauer and Raman Spectroscopy for Extraterrestrial Research","authors":"René Groß*,&nbsp;Christoph Wetzel,&nbsp;Lei Zheng,&nbsp;Christoph Kahra,&nbsp;Justus Pawlak,&nbsp;Kevin Tran,&nbsp;Maximilian Seydi Kilic,&nbsp;Harald Gaber,&nbsp;Bernhard Roth and Franz Renz,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00117","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Space agencies worldwide are seeking promising analytical tools or novel combinations of established techniques to broaden our understanding of extraterrestrial processes. The constraints for extraterrestrial missions are quite high in terms of volume, mass, power consumption, radiation resistance and data transmission of the instruments used.In this work, the Dar al Gani 400 meteorite (DAG 400), which was found in 1998 in the respective meteorite field in the Libyan Sahara, is utilized as a model for extraterrestrial research employing Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, optical and X-ray microscopic (XRM) investigations were carried out, which provided images of the surface and interior of the meteorite, respectively, and further supported the results.For Mössbauer spectroscopy, the miniaturized Mössbauer spectrometer MIMOS II, which has already gained recognition in extraterrestrial research on Mars, was employed for phase determination. This finding serves as a crucial demonstration that the miniaturized Mössbauer spectrometer MIMOS II is well-suited for future space missions and the analysis of extraterrestrial materials.Notably, this study represents a novel application of Mössbauer spectroscopy in the analysis of DAG 400. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of phase assignment through the analysis of DAG 400, and it underscores the potential for further insights through the determination of oxidation states and mineralogical composition. Our work also underscores the pivotal role of multimodal and complementary analytical methodologies in this domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":"9 7","pages":"1893–1904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144808555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}