Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry最新文献

Unraveling the health effects of heavy metal exposure in women through biological fluid biomonitoring. 通过生物流体生物监测揭示女性重金属暴露对健康的影响。

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2026.2727356

Deeksha Verma, Tejasvi Pandey, Radhika Agarwal, Shivam Kumar, Arun Kumar

{"title":"Unraveling the health effects of heavy metal exposure in women through biological fluid biomonitoring.","authors":"Deeksha Verma, Tejasvi Pandey, Radhika Agarwal, Shivam Kumar, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2727356","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2727356","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal exposure is a major public health concern owing to its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects on human health. Women are particularly susceptible to heavy metal toxicity because of physiological and hormonal factors that influence reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic functions. Exposure to metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic has been linked to reproductive disorders, hormonal imbalance, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and chronic diseases. For instance, elevated blood lead levels have been consistently associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery, while chronic cadmium exposure, measured through blood and urine, has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer and bone demineralization in women. Biological fluid biomonitoring, including the analysis of blood, urine, saliva, and other biofluids, provides a reliable approach for assessing internal metal burden and exposure-related health risks. This review examines the application of biological fluid analysis in detecting heavy metal exposure in women and highlights the associated health effects and gender-specific toxicological responses. The findings emphasize the importance of biomonitoring in early risk assessment, disease prevention, and the development of targeted public health interventions to mitigate the impact of heavy metal toxicity on women's health.","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-overexpression of CDC27 and PD-L1 defines an ultra-high-risk subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia in an Egyptian cohort. CDC27和PD-L1的共同过表达在埃及队列中定义了急性髓性白血病的超高危亚组。

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2026.2709873

Amira Zaki Badawy, Alshimaa Rabie Soliman Elkholy, Aly Mohamed Elkholy, Shaimaa Elsayed Ramadan Genena, Eman Helmy Hebesh, Hanan Hassan El-Sheity

{"title":"Co-overexpression of CDC27 and PD-L1 defines an ultra-high-risk subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia in an Egyptian cohort.","authors":"Amira Zaki Badawy, Alshimaa Rabie Soliman Elkholy, Aly Mohamed Elkholy, Shaimaa Elsayed Ramadan Genena, Eman Helmy Hebesh, Hanan Hassan El-Sheity","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2709873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2026.2709873","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of leukemic cells. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of cell-cycle regulators may interact with immune checkpoint pathways; however, this relationship remains insufficiently explored in AML. To evaluate the expression of CDC27 and PD-L1 in adult AML patients and assess their clinicopathological and prognostic significance. This case - control study included 80 participants: 40 newly diagnosed adult AML patients and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Gene expression levels of CDC27 and PD-L1 in bone marrow mononuclear cells were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Survival analysis was performed and Patients were stratified according to median expression levels. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to identify independent prognostic factors. CDC27 and PD-L1 expression levels were significantly higher in AML patients compared with controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Both markers were associated with adverse clinical features and reduced overall survival. Multivariate analysis identified CDC27 expression as an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusion: CDC27 and PD-L1 overexpression is associated with aggressive disease characteristics and poor survival in AML patients.","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-AMPK signalling nexus: molecular crosstalk, metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic targeting in human disease. 解码PI3K/Akt/mTOR-AMPK信号通路：人类疾病的分子串扰、代谢重编程和治疗靶向

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2026.2710420

Josef Yakin, Faruk Alam, Jose Fernando G Elpa

{"title":"Decoding the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-AMPK signalling nexus: molecular crosstalk, metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic targeting in human disease.","authors":"Josef Yakin, Faruk Alam, Jose Fernando G Elpa","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2710420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2026.2710420","url":null,"abstract":"The dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and AMPK pathways are emerging as a major underlying cause of cancer, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and immune dysfunction. Both pathways have been well investigated separately but the molecular interaction between the two and the therapeutic significance are not fully understood. While the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway promotes anabolic functions including protein synthesis and cell growth, the AMPK pathway serves as an energy sensor under metabolic stress through inhibiting anabolic pathways and activating catabolic activities, such as autophagy and fatty acid oxidation. Recent findings suggest that these signaling pathways interact through regulatory mechanisms, including TSC2, Raptor, ULK1, Rag GTPases, and lysosomal signaling complex. Their interaction regulates the metabolic response of cells under metabolic stress and directs the outcome of the response in cancer, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disease, immunodeficiency. This review summarizes the molecular crosstalk between the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and AMPK pathways, focusing on phosphorylation-dependent regulations, lysosomal nutrient sensing, autophagy, systems biology approaches, computational modeling, and network-based drug discovery. Overall, the integrated knowledge of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways gives valuable information on the regulation of cellular metabolism and offers promising opportunities for the development of precision-based therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategic analysis of hepatitis B virus serological profile and the diagnostic utility of HBcrAg across Osun and Plateau State, Nigeria. 尼日利亚奥孙州和高原州乙型肝炎病毒血清学特征和HBcrAg诊断效用的战略分析

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2026.2639308

Priscilla Abechi, Uwem E George, Olamide Y Aborisade, Arthur O Oragwa, Oluwatomisin P Osijonwo, Oluremi I Ajayi, Olusola A Ogunsanya, Christian Happi, Onikepe A Folarin

{"title":"Strategic analysis of hepatitis B virus serological profile and the diagnostic utility of HBcrAg across Osun and Plateau State, Nigeria.","authors":"Priscilla Abechi, Uwem E George, Olamide Y Aborisade, Arthur O Oragwa, Oluwatomisin P Osijonwo, Oluremi I Ajayi, Olusola A Ogunsanya, Christian Happi, Onikepe A Folarin","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2639308","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2639308","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major concern in Nigeria. Nationally, increasing infection rates continue to pose a significant challenge, which may be due to inadequate diagnosis. Known markers, such as Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), are good at indicating exposure rates, but generally poor at reflecting active viral replication. The hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) may provide a clearer picture of the viral activity and treatment response. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 450 participants aged 16-65 years from hospitals in Osun and Plateau States. HBsAg screening was performed using rapid diagnostic tests, confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and further evaluated for HBeAg and HBcrAg levels. Correlation analysis was used to test the relationships between these markers. Of the 450 participants screened, 188 (41.7%) were confirmed positive for HBV. HBcrAg was observed in adults aged 17-45 years, suggesting replication activity in symptom-free individuals. Atypical serological profiles, such as HBsAg and HBsAb co-positivity, were also identified. Incorporation of HBcrAg in HBV screening, especially in endemic countries, may be useful in assessing HBV replication stage, reactivation, and staging of chronic infection, especially in resource-limited settings.","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"129-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic association of Angiopoietin-2 rs12674822 and rs3739390 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus risk: a preliminary single-center study in Egyptian patients. 血管生成素-2 rs12674822和rs3739390多态性与系统性红斑狼疮风险的遗传关联：埃及患者的初步单中心研究

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-21 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2026.2646890

Eman Abd Allah Fouda, Alshimaa M Elmalawany, Eman Masoud Abd El Gayed, Salah Mohammed El-Kousy, Salma Samir Esmail, Mohamed Farag Ali Assar

引用次数: 0

CRISPR-Cas at a crossroads: from microbial immunity to precision biotechnology. 十字路口的CRISPR-Cas：从微生物免疫到精密生物技术。

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2026.2658465

Alyaa I Eliwa, Maha M Eldahshan

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas at a crossroads: from microbial immunity to precision biotechnology.","authors":"Alyaa I Eliwa, Maha M Eldahshan","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2658465","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2658465","url":null,"abstract":"Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) form RNA-guided adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea that mediate sequence-specific defense against invading genetic elements. Beyond their ecological role in restricting bacteriophage infection and horizontal gene transfer (HGT), CRISPR-Cas systems have been repurposed as programmable nucleases, enabling rapid, scalable, and precise genome engineering. Over the past decade, CRISPR platforms, most prominently Cas9, have transformed functional genomics, accelerated target discovery and drug development, and progressed from experimental tools to clinically evaluated gene and cell therapies. In parallel, growing attention has focused on both native and engineered roles of CRISPR-Cas in shaping HGT, plasmid ecology, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), as AMR continues to expand globally. In this Review, we integrate advances spanning eukaryotic genome editing and prokaryotic antimicrobial applications. We summarize CRISPR-Cas classification and molecular mechanisms, highlighting spacer acquisition, guide RNA biogenesis, target recognition, and nucleic acid cleavage. We then examine how cellular DNA repair pathways influence editing outcomes and discuss strategies to enhance precision. We further review delivery strategies, such as conjugative plasmids, bacteriophages and phagemids, extracellular vesicles, and nanoparticles, together with evolutionary countermeasures encoded by mobile genetic elements, including anti-CRISPR proteins. Finally, we outline current limitations.","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"169-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serum progranulin and GRN rs3785817 variant in hypothyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis: risk or protective factors? 甲状腺功能低下桥本甲状腺炎的血清颗粒前蛋白和GRN rs3785817变异：危险因素还是保护因素？

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2026.2695028

Rawhia Elessawi, Mona Aboul-Seoud, Alaa Saleh, Mona Tahoun

{"title":"Serum progranulin and GRN rs3785817 variant in hypothyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis: risk or protective factors?","authors":"Rawhia Elessawi, Mona Aboul-Seoud, Alaa Saleh, Mona Tahoun","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2695028","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2695028","url":null,"abstract":"Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder that includes thyroid parenchymal lymphocytic infiltration. Progranulin (PRGN) is an anti-inflammatory glycoprotein encoded by granulin precursor gene (GRN) and involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Neutrophil and platelet lymphocyte ratios (NLR, PLR) are established inflammatory markers. The study aimed to evaluate PRGN, GRN rs3785817 variant, NLR and PLR in hypothyroid HT. Complete blood count, serum TSH, free T4, anti-TPO, PRGN, and GRN rs3785817 genotyping were performed for 45 hypothyroid HT patients and 45 healthy controls. Results showed slightly significantly decreased serum PRGN levels in hypothyroid HT patients compared to controls (p = 0.048). NLR displayed significant higher levels in patients in comparison to controls (p = 0.036). The genotype distribution of GRN rs3785817 showed no significant variation between patients and controls with the predominance of the AA genotype in both groups. However, among patients, there was a significantly increased serum PRGN level in patients with AG+GG genotypes compared to those with AA genotype (p = 0.014). In conclusion, GRN rs3785817 is neither a risk nor a protective factor associated with hypothyroid HT. Nevertheless, PRGN variability between the rs3785817 genotypes may suggest their potential roles in hypothyroid HT.","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"333-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic significance of ELISA technique for hormone assessment: a comprehensive review. ELISA技术对激素评估的法医意义：全面回顾。

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2025.2603249

Radhika Agarwal, Tejasvi Pandey, Deeksha Verma, Arun Kumar

{"title":"Forensic significance of ELISA technique for hormone assessment: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Radhika Agarwal, Tejasvi Pandey, Deeksha Verma, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2025.2603249","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2025.2603249","url":null,"abstract":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid, sensitive, and economical tool for detecting hormones in diverse biological matrices, making it valuable in forensic endocrinology. This review summarizes ELISA's principles, applications, advantages, and limitations in medico-legal practice. ELISA enables quantification of hormones such as cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, melatonin, thyroid hormones, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). It supports postmortem toxicology, sexual assault investigations, doping control, and forensic psychiatry. Cortisol may help reconstruct perimortem stress, while hCG detection assists in pregnancy confirmation in assault or maternal death cases. In sports, ELISA screens for anabolic steroids, erythropoietin, and growth hormone, with LC-MS/MS required for confirmation. Its compatibility with blood, saliva, urine, and hair enhances versatility. Key challenges include antibody cross-reactivity, matrix interference, degradation, variability among commercial kits, and limited multiplexing. False positives, hook effects, and inconsistent validation affect admissibility, necessitating strict quality assurance, ISO/IEC 17025 compliance, and confirmatory testing. ELISA is unsuitable for paternity determination; DNA profiling remains the legal standard. Emerging advances - digital ELISA, nanotechnology, AI, and biosensors - promise greater sensitivity and automation but face regulatory, cost, and training barriers. ELISA should be regarded as a complementary, high-throughput screening method integrated into validated, multimodal forensic workflows.","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In silico design and evaluation of scFv-LukS-PV as a novel immunotoxin for AML therapy. scFv-LukS-PV作为AML治疗的新型免疫毒素的计算机设计和评价。

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2026.2696418

Saba Farabi, Bahram Golestani Eimani

{"title":"In silico design and evaluation of scFv-LukS-PV as a novel immunotoxin for AML therapy.","authors":"Saba Farabi, Bahram Golestani Eimani","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2696418","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2696418","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a difficult hematologic malignancy that requires more selective therapeutic strategies. Here, we present the in silico design and comprehensive characterization of a recombinant immunotoxin composed of an anti-CD33 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) fused to the LukS-PV pore-forming toxin. Structural modeling and refinement confirmed correct immunoglobulin-domain folding, preserved LukS-PV architecture, and high stereochemical quality. Physicochemical and mRNA analyses indicated favorable stability, solubility, and strong translational compatibility with Escherichia coli. Protein - protein docking predicted specific and high-affinity binding of the scFv to CD33, while molecular-dynamics simulations supported the overall structural stability and functional flexibility of the fusion construct. Codon optimization yielded a high CAI and balanced GC content, suggesting efficient bacterial expression. Immunogenicity analyses predicted non-allergenic and nontoxic properties. Together, these computational findings identify the LukS-PV - anti-CD33 fusion as a promising candidate for targeted AML therapy and establish a framework for subsequent experimental validation.","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"292-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the role of Interleukin-16 genetic variation and expression in vitiligo. 探讨白癜风中白介素-16基因变异及表达的作用。

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2026.2701079

Sara A El Derbaly, Eman Mabrouk Abd-Allah Ahmed, Azza Gaber Antar Farag, Salah M El-Kousy, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed

{"title":"Exploring the role of Interleukin-16 genetic variation and expression in vitiligo.","authors":"Sara A El Derbaly, Eman Mabrouk Abd-Allah Ahmed, Azza Gaber Antar Farag, Salah M El-Kousy, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed","doi":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2701079","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15321819.2026.2701079","url":null,"abstract":"Vitiligo is a multifactorial melanocyte disease caused by immune-mediated destruction. Inflammatory cytokines are central to vitiligo pathogenesis. Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the recruitment and activation of T-cells (CD4+), indicating that it may play a role in autoimmune inflammation. Nevertheless, the IL-16 expression and its genetic variants in vitiligo are poorly understood. This study involved 100 patients diagnosed with vitiligo and 50 age and gender harmonized controls. TaqMan assays were used to genotype the rs4072111 polymorphism, and qRT-PCR was employed to determine the IL-16 relative expression. VIDA and VASI scores were used to assess clinical activity and severity. Patients had a higher prevalence of C/T, T/T genotypes, and T allele than controls. IL-16 expression was notably higher in patients. The increased level of relative expression was associated with active disease. This study indicates that IL-16 rs4072111 polymorphism and increased IL-16 gene expression were significantly associated with vitiligo. Higher IL-16 expression was also linked to greater disease activity. These findings emphasize that IL-16 may serve as a promising biomarker for disease susceptibility and activity, although further validation in larger and more diverse populations is required.","PeriodicalId":15990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"366-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0