Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Photo-Based Color Analysis in Restorative Dentistry: The Role of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms","authors":"Melek Güven Bekdaş, Tülay Turan, Nimet Işık","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to develop and evaluate deep learning-based models for estimating CIELAB tooth color coordinates from standardized extraoral photographs, using in vivo spectrophotometric measurements as the reference standard, to provide practical and validating support for clinical shade selection in restorative dentistry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1031 labeled and cropped tooth images were obtained from high-resolution extraoral photographs of 102 participants. In vivo CIELAB color coordinates (L*, a*, b*, C*, h°) were recorded from the maxillary anterior teeth using the VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer. Five convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures (CustomCNN, ResNet18, EfficientNetB0, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV2) were trained using two types of input: preprocessed tooth photographs (cropped, resized, and normalized) and their corresponding anatomical positions (one-hot encoded). The performance of this combined-input model was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>\u0000 <sup>2</sup>), and estimation accuracy based on the Δ<i>E</i> ≤ 2 clinical threshold. Intermodel performance differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The best-performing model was further trained to classify VITA Classical shade codes from spectrophotometric color coordinates to assess clinical applicability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the models tested, MobileNetV2 achieved the best performance, with a MAE of 0.0593 and accuracy exceeding 94% when estimated CIELAB color coordinates from extraoral photographs were compared with in vivo spectrophotometric measurements (reference standard) using the Δ<i>E</i> ≤ 2 clinical threshold. No significant differences were found between MobileNetV2, DenseNet121, and ResNet18, and all three models significantly outperformed EfficientNetB0 and CustomCNN (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Estimation accuracy was highest for C*(chroma) and h°(hue) values, while slightly lower performance was observed for L*(lightness) and b* values. Anterior teeth exhibited higher accuracy than posterior teeth, likely due to more favorable image quality and light exposure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI-based models, particularly MobileNetV2, demonstrated high agreement with spectrophotometric reference measurements in estimating CIELAB tooth color coordinates from standardized extraoral photographs. These findings suggest their potential to support consistent and practical shade selection in esthetic restorative dentistry.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1717-1730"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Concentration Hydrogen Peroxide Gels Containing Calcium Polyphosphate Associated With Violet Led Light: Bleaching Efficacy and Effects on Enamel Properties","authors":"Hemanuelly Albuquerque dos Anjos,&nbsp;Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima,&nbsp;Carolina Meneghin Barbosa,&nbsp;Klaus Rischka,&nbsp;Waldemir Francisco Vieira-Junior","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the effect of violet LED light (VL) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) in-office bleaching gels supplemented with calcium polyphosphate (CaPP) or calcium gluconate (GU):</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bovine enamel blocks (<i>n</i> = 10) were randomly assigned: commercial HP gel, commercial HP gel with GU, or experimental 35% HP with or without CaPP (0.5 or 1.5 wt%), and their VL-irradiated versions. Bleaching efficacy was assessed by color analyses (CIE L*a*b*, Δ<i>E</i>\u0000 _{\u0000 <i>ab</i>\u0000}, Δ<i>E</i>\u0000 ₀₀, Δ<i>WID</i>) at baseline (<i>T</i>\u0000 ₀) and after treatment (<i>T</i>\u0000 ₁). Knoop microhardness (KHN), percentage surface microhardness loss (%SHL), and roughness variation (ΔRa) were measured at <i>T</i>\u0000 ₀, <i>T</i>\u0000 ₁, and 14 days post-treatment (<i>T</i>\u0000 ₂). Surface morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using generalized linear models, Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The group irradiated only with VL exhibited lower color change (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). CaPP addition significantly increased Δ<i>E</i>\u0000 ₀₀ in VL-irradiated groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). For roughness and SEM, no significant differences were observed among groups. Only CaPP- and GU-containing gels restored initial KHN values at <i>T</i>\u0000 ₂ (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). CaPP groups showed lower %SHL than control groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bleaching gels containing CaPP maintained bleaching efficacy and mediated enamel microhardness recovery. VL further enhanced the bleaching effect in CaPP gels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CaPP represents a promising alternative for bleaching gel formulations, promoting enamel remineralization and enhancing bleaching efficacy when combined with VL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1731-1743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jerd.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Efficiency and Tooth Sensitivity of a Novel Whitening Strip: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial","authors":"Rui-xin Chen,&nbsp;Yu-jie Lan,&nbsp;Li Guo,&nbsp;Xin-yi Zhang,&nbsp;De-qin Yang","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70070","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the tooth whitening efficacy and tooth sensitivity of a novel whitening strips with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 1.5% potassium nitrate.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Materials and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ninety six participants were randomly assigned into two groups: an experimental group using LESENING Whitening Strips with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 1.5% potassium nitrate (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 41), and the control group using Crest 3D Whitestrips only with 3% hydrogen peroxide (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 41). Participants attached whitening strips to the teeth' buccal surface for 30 min once daily at home for 28 days continuously. Tooth sensitivity was evaluated using the Schiff score. Tooth color and color change were assessed using a spectrophotometer (CIELAB coordinates &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;*, &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;*, &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;*, Δ&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;sub&gt;ab&lt;/sub&gt;, and dental whiteness index ΔWI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt;) and shade guides (Vita Classical ΔSGU and Vita Bleachedguide ΔSGU), with measurements made at baseline and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days' use. Levene test, repeated measures ANOVA, post hoc Tukey tests, the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Bonferroni correction method were used for data analysis (&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; = 5%).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In color differences (Δ&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;sub&gt;ab&lt;/sub&gt;) and whiteness index (ΔWI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt;) analysis, a change of Δ&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;sub&gt;ab&lt;/sub&gt; ≥ 1.2 or ΔWI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt; ≥ 0.72 was considered visually perceptible. Both groups showed clinically significant tooth whitening after 7 days and notable Δ&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;sub&gt;ab&lt;/sub&gt; and increases in ΔWI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt; were observed in both groups (p &lt; 0.05). After 14 days, both groups showed increased brightness (Δ&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;*) and reduced yellowness (Δ&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;*) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). After 28 days, there was no discernible tooth sensitivity in the experimental group, while there was some obvious tooth sensitivity in the control group. Both groups showed a significant change in tooth color compared to the baseline but there were no significant differences between the two groups.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;LESENING whitening strips with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 1.5% potassium nitrate were esthetically effective. Moreover, the LESENING group showed lower tooth sensitivity change than the Crest group.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Clinical Relevance&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The use of LESENING whitening strips with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 1.5% potassium nitrate for at-home dental whitening could reduce the risk of dentin hypersensitivity without compromi","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1617-1628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145708464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translucency of 3D-Printed 3Y- and 5Y-Doped Zirconia","authors":"Sebastian Hetzler,&nbsp;Clemens Schmitt,&nbsp;Peter Rammelsberg,&nbsp;Stefan Rues,&nbsp;Andreas Zenthöfer","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate and compare the translucency of 3D-printed zirconia materials: 3Y tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) and 5Y partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3D-printed 5Y-PSZ and 3Y-TZP materials fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) were investigated. In addition, three zirconia materials made for the milling approach were examined: one 3Y-TZP and two 5Y-PSZ variants. For translucency measurements, samples with a square base of 100 mm² and five different thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 1.25 mm (±50 μm tolerance) were produced (<i>n</i> ≥ 5/subgroup). The L*a*b* color coordinates were measured using an experimental setup consisting of a spectroradiometer, an integrating sphere, and a 35-W tungsten lamp. The translucency parameter was calculated using the color difference between white and black backgrounds. The microstructure and grain size were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Translucency increased with a decrease in thickness, across all materials. Milled materials exhibited higher translucency than 3D-printed counterparts with equivalent yttria content. The 3D-printed 5Y-PSZ and milled 3Y-TZP materials displayed comparable translucencies. Microstructural analysis revealed discrete microporosities in the 3D-printed materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite microstructural differences and defects reducing the translucency of 3D-printed zirconia compared to their milled counterparts, 3D-printed 5Y-PSZ demonstrates sufficient optical properties for monolithic restorations in posterior regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1708-1716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jerd.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Excessive Washing and Frosty Appearance on Mechanical and Optical Properties of 3D Printed Restorative Material","authors":"Amir H. Nejat,&nbsp;Carlos E. Terres,&nbsp;Yapin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoming Xu,&nbsp;Nathaniel C. Lawson","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the effect of the washing process on the mechanical and optical properties of a 3D printed resin indicated for indirect restorations and to determine possible solutions to reverse the negative effects of excessive washing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 3D printed resin (Sprintray Ceramic Crown) was used to test three-point flexural strength, Vickers hardness, degree of conversion on the surface (DC_s) and 0.1 mm depth of the material (DC_d), translucency parameter (TP), and color changes (ΔE). Samples were divided into five groups based on their washing process, including manufacturer's recommendation as a negative control (NC), excessive washing in a pre-programmed washing unit as a positive control (PC), PC cleaning followed by brushing with 99% isopropyl alcohol (EC), PC cleaning followed by coating with a thin layer of uncured resin (RC), and PC cleaning followed by infiltrating resin into the surface with a brush (RI). Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc analysis (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excessive washing (PC) resulted in a significant reduction in flexural strength, DC_s, DC_d, and TP in comparison to NC (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and exceeding the acceptable threshold (ΔE &gt; 2.8). Among the three approaches to reverse the negative effect of excessive washing (EC, RC, and RI groups), only RI resulted in flexural strength, hardness, DC_d, and TP with no significant difference from the NC group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and color changes below the perceptible threshold (ΔE &lt; 1.1).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excessive washing resulted in lower flexural strength, surface hardness, degree of conversion, and translucency. Among different methods to reverse these negative effects, infiltration of fresh resin was the most effective method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excessive washing of 3D printed resin intended for long term indirect restoration in a pre-programmed washing unit resulted in a significantly weaker and more opaque material, resulting in compromised clinical performance of the material and potentially lower light penetration for curing of the resin cement. Infiltration of fresh resin was an effective method to regain mechanical and optical properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1744-1753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146093174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Coloring Liquids on the Substrate Masking Ability and Adhesive Properties of Different Zirconia Ceramics","authors":"Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco,&nbsp;Gabriel Bauken,&nbsp;Pablo Machado Soares,&nbsp;Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira,&nbsp;Atais Bacchi","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70180","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70180","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to assess the colorimetric characteristics and substrate masking ability of zirconia specimens with coloring liquids applied at the intaglio surface; the zirconia bond strength to a resin-based luting agent and topographic characteristics were also assessed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Materials and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Zirconia materials tested were: 5Y-PSZ (Prettau Anterior), 4Y-PSZ (IPS e.max ZirCAD MT), and 3Y-TZP (IPS e.max ZirCAD MO) veneered with lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD LT). Disc-shaped specimens (8 mm of diameter, shade A2, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10) with 1.5 and 2.0 mm of thicknesses were produced for the colorimetric assessments. For the experimental groups, coloring liquids White and White Plus were applied at intaglio surface of zirconia specimens before sintering. Data for lightness (L*), chroma (C*), hue angle (h&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;), translucency parameter (TP&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt;), and whiteness index for Dentistry (WI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt;) were recorded; color differences (ΔE&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt;) of specimens over discolored substrates C3, C4, coppery and silvery metals in comparison with a reference (A2) were calculated. Additional specimens (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10) were produced to assess the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a resin-based luting agent to the zirconia intaglio surface with and without coloring liquid. The outcomes were obtained after 24 h water storage and after 10,000 thermal cycles (5°C–55°C). Analyses of variance (two-way for L*, C*, and h&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; and three-way for TP&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt;, WI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt;, ∆E&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt;, and μSBS) and Tukey post hoc test (&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05) were applied. Topographic images were also obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The use of coloring liquids (especially White Plus) and thicker zirconia specimens provided, in general, reductions in TP&lt;sub&gt;00,&lt;/sub&gt; ΔE&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt; and hue angle, and an increase in lightness and chroma (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). WI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt; increased in 5Y-PSZ and decreased in 4Y-PSZ with the use of coloring liquids in specimens of 1.5 mm (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The μSBS of groups was in the range from 20 to 25 MPa, in which only specimens of 5Y-PSZ with coloring liquids showed statistically lower MPa values in comparison with the control group after aging (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). In the SEM analysis, zirconia specimens with coloring liquids did not show relevant differences in topographic characteristics in comparison with controls.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The application of coloring liquids at zirconia intaglio surface has significantly improved ","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1821-1831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Laser and Light Activation Improve In-Office Dental Bleaching Outcomes? An Umbrella Review of Efficacy, Tooth Sensitivity, and Biological Safety","authors":"Javier Basualdo Allende,&nbsp;Vanessa Campos-Bijit,&nbsp;Constanza Morales-Gómez,&nbsp;Leonardo Díaz,&nbsp;Valeria C. Gómez,&nbsp;Eduardo Fernández","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To synthesize umbrella-level evidence on laser or light activation and photobiomodulation in in-office dental bleaching, including whitening efficacy, tooth sensitivity, and biological safety. Systematic reviews were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library using terms related to dental bleaching, hydrogen peroxide, laser activation, light activation, and photobiomodulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating in-office bleaching with optical activation or photobiomodulation were included. Outcomes were color change, tooth sensitivity, pulpal safety, and adverse effects. Methodological quality was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2, and certainty was judged through an umbrella-level certainty framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten systematic reviews published from 2007 to 2024 were included. Laser or light activation showed no consistent improvement in final whitening efficacy compared with nonactivated protocols. Sensitivity was not reduced and was less favorable in some high-energy protocols. Photobiomodulation reduced post-bleaching sensitivity across placebo-controlled randomized trials without impairing color change. Safety findings were mainly parameter-dependent, especially regarding intrapulpal temperature during high-energy activation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Laser or light activation did not improve final whitening efficacy. Photobiomodulation reduced post-bleaching sensitivity without reducing whitening efficacy. High-energy activation showed parameter-dependent thermal concerns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current evidence does not support the routine use of laser activation to improve bleaching outcomes, whereas photobiomodulation represents a sensitivity-reducing adjunct for susceptible patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1665-1690"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Substructure Color and Restoration Thickness on the Final Color of Ultra-Translucent Zirconia Ceramics","authors":"Elif Yılmaz Biçer,&nbsp;Merve Bankoğlu Güngör,&nbsp;Cemal Aydın","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of substructure color and restoration thickness on the final color of shade-gradient ultra-translucent zirconia ceramics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 180 flat-shaped ultra-translucent zirconia specimens (5Y-PSZ) with thicknesses of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm (<i>n</i> = 60) were fabricated and cemented onto composite substructures in six colors (A1, A2, B1, B2, C2, D2). Color parameters were measured before and after cementation, and color differences (Δ<i>E</i>\u0000 ₀₀) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. The data were evaluated using the two-way repeated measures of ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Tukey HSD, and Bonferroni tests (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Substructure color and restoration thickness had significant effects on Δ<i>E</i>\u0000 ₀₀ (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) after cementation, with values exceeding the acceptability threshold (1.8) in all groups. Before and after cementation, A2 remained below the acceptability threshold relative to target color A1 and B2 achieved acceptable color matching with increased thickness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Restoration thickness and substructure color significantly influenced the final color of shade-gradient zirconia ceramics. A2 provided better color matching, while B2 required a minimum thickness of 0.8 mm for acceptable results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased zirconia thickness enhances masking of darker substructures. Additionally, the influence of the substructure color must be carefully considered, particularly in thinner ultra-translucent zirconia ceramics, to ensure predictable, harmonious color matching.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1773-1783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jerd.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Polishing, Resin Coating, and Glaze Coating on the Surface Properties of a 3D-Printed Splint Resin","authors":"İzim Türker Kader,&nbsp;Ecem Karacan,&nbsp;Berru Kursoğlu,&nbsp;Pınar Kursoğlu","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70184","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different surface finishing protocols and post-curing environments on the surface roughness (Ra) and Vickers hardness (VHN) of a 3-dimensionally (3D)-printed occlusal splint resin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-six disc-shaped specimens (Ø16 × 3 mm) were fabricated from a photopolymerizable splint resin using a stereolithography 3D printer. The specimens were assigned to four surface finishing groups: as-printed (AP), polished (P), resin-coated (RC), and glaze-coated (GC). Each group was further subdivided according to the post-curing environment, air (A) or glycerin (G), resulting in eight experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 12): AP-A, AP-G, P-A, P-G, RC-A, RC-G, GC-A, and GC-G. Post-curing was performed at 60°C for 60 min. For the glycerin subgroups of the coated specimens (RC-G and GC-G), an initial curing period in air was applied before completing the post-curing in glycerin to stabilize the applied coating layer. Ra was measured using a surface profilometer, and VHN was determined using a microhardness tester. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD test (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surface finishing significantly affected Ra and VHN (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas the post-curing environment had no effect (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). AP-A and AP-G specimens showed the highest Ra, while GC-A and GC-G specimens exhibited the highest VHN (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surface finishing is essential for optimizing surface properties of 3D-printed occlusal splints. Although coating procedures, particularly glaze, were associated with higher surface hardness, polishing yielded smoother surfaces and provided consistent and clinically acceptable properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surface finishing plays an important role in the clinical performance of 3D-printed occlusal splints. Although coating procedures yield high surface hardness, polishing provides smoother, more consistent surfaces, making it a practical and reliable option for routine clinical use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1814-1820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jerd.70184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Successive Bleaching Treatments Followed by Staining on Color, Whiteness, and Translucency of Polymer-Based CAD-CAM Materials","authors":"Alejandro Cardenas Ramos,&nbsp;Bruno Arruda Mascaro,&nbsp;José Maurício dos Santos Nunes Reis,&nbsp;Lívia Nordi Dovigo,&nbsp;María M. Pérez,&nbsp;Renata Garcia Fonseca","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jerd.70168","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To evaluate differences in color, whiteness, and translucency of CAD-CAM materials after successive bleaching treatments and coffee immersion.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Materials and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Lava Ultimate (LU) and VITA Enamic (VE) were divided into four groups (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12): untreated (control), 35% hydrogen peroxide (WH), 10% carbamide peroxide (OP), or WH followed by OP (WHOP). Color measurements were taken at baseline (&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;) and after three consecutive bleaching sessions, each followed by coffee exposure (&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;). Differences in color (Δ&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt;), whiteness (ΔWI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt;), and translucency (ΔRTP&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt;) were statistically analyzed for each material using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests and interpreted based on their respective perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. Surface topography was assessed by scanning electron microscopy.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;For LU, there were no differences in Δ&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt; and ΔWI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt; among bleaching treatments. The second and third sessions increased Δ&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt; and ΔWI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt; values. The WH showed the greatest imperceptible ΔRTP&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt;. In VE, no treatment increased Δ&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt;, and only OP showed higher ΔE&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt; in &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;–&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; compared with &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;–&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, but it was still imperceptible. All treatments decreased ΔWI&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt; in &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;–&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 &lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, with no significant differences in ΔRTP&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt; compared with control. Except for WHOP, there were no statistical differences among sessions for ΔRTP&lt;sub&gt;00&lt;/sub&gt;. Only WH in VE did not result in topographic changes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Successive bleaching treatments and coffee immersion resulted in imperceptible or deemed acceptable color, whiteness, and translucency changes of LU and VE.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Clinical Significance&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Despite the surface top","PeriodicalId":15988,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry","volume":"38 9","pages":"1793-1801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jerd.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}