History of the Homeland最新文献

{"title":"PRO MEMORIA FOR THOSE WHO LEFT IRRETRIEVABLY: BIRMUKHAMED AIBASOV","authors":"S. A. Zhakisheva","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_159","url":null,"abstract":"Among the greatest catastrophes of an anthropogenic character in the 20th century alongside with the world wars, a “worthy” place is occupied by large-scale repressive actions of the Soviet State against its people. Therefore, recollecting the names of those innocently shot or who died in the camps and special settlements of the GULAG according to the judgments of “specified conventions of the NKVD”, “triplets of the OGPU” and other extrajudicial bodies does not lose its relevance (actuality) at present. One of the true, faithful patriots of the Kazakhnative land, whose name is undeservedly forgotten is Birmuhamed Aibasov. He belongs to the galaxy of talented, energetic individuals who had a deep inner desire for active transformative activities, high self-sacrifice for achieving the goal -improving the life of their people. Side by side with Magzhan Zhumabayev, Mirjakyp Dulatov, Saken Seyfullin and other distinguished representatives of Kazakh intelligentsia with whom for many years B. Aibasov was bound by ties of friendship and joint social activities; he had shared the fate of many “enemies of people”, whose only “fault” was high benevolence and courage, inability to stay scared and quiet watching lawlessness and arbitrariness going on around. Being a supporter of democratic reforms in Kazakhstan in the pre-revolutionary period, B. Aibasov was one of the most successful managers-agrarians in Soviet times. Tragic events of the early 1930s, connected with hunger and high mortality of the aul population in the Kazakh steppe, inspired the students of the Moscow Agrarian Institute of Red Professors, including B. Aibasov, to write a letter to I. Stalin in 1933 “On the Activity of the Kazakhstan Party Organization” known as “Letters of six”. It describes the scale of human catastrophe -mass deaths of Kazakhs, being a consequence of collectivization and subsidence of nomadic and semi-nomadic farms, expropriation and death of socialized livestock, inaction and indifference of local officials and the ignorance of terrible facts by the official authorities. This highly moral, civil act did not remain without consequences. In 1938, by the decision of the visiting session of the Military Collegiums of the Supreme Court of the USSR, B. Aibasov was shot.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126199699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORICAL AND LEGAL APPROACHES TO STUDYING VIOLENT COLLECTIVIZATION AND OTHER POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE","authors":"I.S. Borchashvili, B.M. Kurmanbayev","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_180","url":null,"abstract":"The presented article reveals the main approaches in assessing the legal and political acts of the Bolshevik government in the 20-30 years of the twentieth century, on the basis of which measures for forced collectivization and other political campaigns against rural residents were carried out. As a result of these campaigns, a mass famine broke out in Kazakhstan, the exact size of which has not yet been determined. Therefore, a joint study of historians and lawyers of the period of forced collectivization in Kazakhstan is important to fill in all the \"white spots\" in its past.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130103329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LITERACY CAMPAIGN IN KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"A. Abikey, A.T. Kaipbaeva, R. R. Ospanova","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_169","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the campaign to eliminate illiteracy in Kazakhstan 20-30 years of the twentieth century. Since the beginning of the XX century, the problem of illiteracy in the Kazakh region began to rise as an important problem of society. One of the most important directions inthe work of the Soviet government was the organization of adult literacy training after the Bolsheviks adopted the decree on the elimination of illiteracy. The economic difficulties that persisted throughout the campaign were associated with the severe consequences of the Civil War –ruin, famine of the 20-30s, lack of financial resources. Socio-psychological difficulties were associated with the unwillingness of the main group of students to study in difficult living conditions. Organizational and personnel difficulties were caused by the social unevenness of the illiterate population, the shortage of teachers, the need to develop textbooks for the adult population studying. In addition, it is noted that hunger and repeated reforms of the Kazakh alphabet are at the heart of socio-economic, socio-political difficulties.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124062196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF THE JOCHI ULUS IN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY (1991-2021)","authors":"A. Shakieva","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_25","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a historiographical review of works related to the history of the medieval state of Jochi ulus in Russian historiography. In particular, after the collapse of the Soviet state, attention was paid to conceptual changes and new views in the works of Russian researchers on thetopic. Analyzing scientific works, the author introduces 4 main directions for the study of the history of the Juchi ulus in Russia at the present time. Thus, the author shows the dynamics of changing opinions on this topic and the emergence of new data and thoughts. The main sources of the article are publications and articles published during this period. The author is looking for a unique paradigm in the study of the history of the Jochi Ulus in the works of domestic researchers over the past thirty years and seeks to determine the course and degree of study of the modern topic.The work describes a cycle of new theoretical ideas concerning the history of Jochi ulus, with an analysis of the works of Russian researchers. In particular, there is a positiveassessment by researchers of the \"Ulus of Jochi\", which requires significant changes in the form of studying the history of the modern Middle Ages. In the article, the author drew attention to research works that, instead of a formational approach in the interpretation of historical facts, took a liberal direction.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126593121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOLID-FORGED OIRAT HELMET FROM THE COLLECTION OF AKMOLA REGIONAL HISTORICAL MUSEUM","authors":"L. Bobrov, A. K. Kushkumbaev, D. Ismailov","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_229","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the iron helmet under inventory number GIK-228, stored in Akmola regional historical museum (AOIKM, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan). The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed description of the helmet’s construction and design, as well to define its age and attribution. By its material, the helmet is classified as an iron helmet, by its construction it is solid-forged and by its shape it is spherocylindrical. As a result of the analysis of the construction and design features of the AOIKM helmet we can consider that it belongs to XVII-mid of XVIII centuries. Most probably it has been forged in the second half of this period for a wealthy Oirat (presumably Djungar) Buddhist warrior. This assumption is made based on the helmet’s construction, considering that its top is shaped like a Buddhist ritual vessel. The AOIKM helmet might have been forged either by local Djungarian armorers or in one of craft centers in Transoxiana (or Mawarannahr) where gunsmiths were massively preparing armor for Djungars under supervision of Oirat masters. Numerous helmets of similar design decorated with Buddhist symbolsare kept in museums and private collections in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122255368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONTRIBUTION OF THESTATE PROGRAMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN \"MADENI MURA\" (\"CULTURAL HERITAGE\"), \"HALYK TARIKH TOLKYNINDA\" (\"PEOPLE IN THE FLOW OF HISTORY\"), \"RUKHANI ZHANGYRU\", \"ARCHIVE –2025\" TO THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE KAZAKH STATEHOOD","authors":"M. Abuseitova","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_5","url":null,"abstract":"The specifics of the problems of Kazakh Oriental studies are connected with the historical and perspective role of the country, which occupies a key position in the system of interrelations of civilizations of the East and West. The geopolitical situation of Kazakhstan, the multinational composition of the population, the state of development of ethnic identity and national idea pose the problem of a deep, versatile, free from speculative, abstract and simplified approaches to studying the history and dynamics of the development of statehood and problems in the context of the history of the countries and peoples of Eurasia. Over the past thirty years, the historical science in the post-Soviet space has been actively working on an objective revision of many issues, in particular, related to the problems of statehood, identity, preservation of cultural identity, historical cultural heritage. Historical science has acquired a new qualitative characteristic, defined in the form of new approaches to scientific problems, free creative search, as well as increased interest in the problems of ethnogenesis, statehood, nomadic studies, religious studies, international relations and common historical heritage.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"26 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114100002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MILITARY-FORTRESS LINES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SOUTHERN URALS AT THE TURN OF THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES","authors":"A. Shalgimbekov, G. A. Shotanova","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_114","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to one of the topical issues of Kazakhstan’s colonization by the Russian Empire. At the first stage of colonization, the northern region of Kazakhstan became Russia's interest. Military factor was the leading one in the implementation of colonial policy. At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, military fortification lines were erected along the northwestern borders, additional regular troops and Cossacks were sentthere, and a part of the civilian population was relegated to the military-cossack ranks. It was a starting point for the further advancement of the empire in the east. As a result of military reforms and reorganization of troops, thegarrisons were significantly strengthened, and the defense capacity of fortresseswas increased. Orenburg authorities pursued a policy of disunion, separation of indigenous peoples of the Southern Urals: Kazakhs, Bashkirs, and Nogais. The disunion policy and social assimilation of the ruling clan by various means were carried out. The issue of transferring military lines deep into the steppes by the beginning of the 19th century was practically resolved.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134494852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON SOME TRADITIONALIST ASPECTS AND HISTORICAL PARALLELS OF MODERN KAZAKHSTANI NATION-BUILDING (HISTORIOGRAPHICREVIEW)","authors":"R. D. Kubeyev, K.M. Murzakhodzhaev","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_46","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reflects some of the main trends in the Kazakh nation-building project, noted in the works of Kazakhstani and foreign researchers. Certain correspondences between the \"Kazakhstan case\" and the general developments of scholars were traced in the article. Particular attention is paid to the Kazakhstani specifics, due to the legacy of the Soviet period and the complex, largely unprecedented political, socio-cultural anddemographic processes that took place on the territory of the republic in previous decades, which have a direct impact on the current state of Kazakhstani society. In the context of the research topic, some parallels were also drawn with the historical past of Kazakhstan, in particular, the use of traditional, traditionalist elements by representatives of Alash-Orda in order to reform and modernize traditional society was traced. Attention is also paid to the attitude of the representatives of the movementto the ideology of Muslim reformism of the early 20th century noted in the works of the authors –Jadidism.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130388489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE IN THE MEDIEVAL ENCYCLOPEDIA SHIHAB AD-DIN AL-OMARI","authors":"A. S. Margulan, B. Batyrkhan, B. Tokmurzayev","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_64","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the work of the Arab scientist, geographer, historian, encyclopedist Shihab al-Din Ahmed ibn Yahya ibn Fadlallah al-Omari al-Dimashkhi who lived in Damascus in 1301-1349. He worked as the secretary of the Egyptian sultan, which, according to medieval customs, passed to him from his father. Shihab al-Din al-Omari is the author of the geographical and historical encyclopedia «Masalik al-Absar fi mamalik al-Amsar» («Ways of looking at states with large cities»), which consists of 2 parts and 32 volumes. (Nysanbaev, 1998: 50) The encyclopedia contains very valuable information about the Great Mongol State, the Golden Horde State, the Chagatai Ulus, the Ilkhanate, that is, it gives information about the territories occupied by the Mongol Empire in the light of historical events. His descriptions are based on the stories of eyewitnesses, or those who have been in distant countries for a long time. Because he had direct access to archives and a wide range of contacts with medieval officials. In addition, the author had a good idea of the works of his contemporaries, but used them very little. All this gives his work a businesslike character.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125088372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PECULIARITIES OFABYLAI KHAN'S RELATIONSWITH THE QING EMPIRE","authors":"K.Z. Kabuldinov, A.S. Tylakhmetova, O.A. Oralova","doi":"10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_73","url":null,"abstract":"Based on archival data, the rational positions of Abylai Khan in foreign policy are analyzed in the article, Abylai's relations with the Qing Empire are described in detail. The authors try to determine the features of the policy of the Kazakh Khanate under Abylai, differentiating its relationship with the Russian Empire, as well as with the peoples of Chinese citizenship.","PeriodicalId":159758,"journal":{"name":"History of the Homeland","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125704351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}