Journal of Hygiene最新文献_第9页

Excretion of faecal viruses during the first year of life including attendance at a day nursery in Lisbon, Portugal. 在出生后第一年的粪便病毒排泄，包括在葡萄牙里斯本的日托所的看护。

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066353

M F Avillez, M T Paixão

{"title":"Excretion of faecal viruses during the first year of life including attendance at a day nursery in Lisbon, Portugal.","authors":"M F Avillez, M T Paixão","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400066353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400066353","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to determine the frequency of virus infections of the gastrointestinal tract, the duration of virus shedding in faeces and its relation to outbreaks of illness of any kind, faecal samples were collected from children attending a day nursery at a Lisbon institution. In this study, ten children were surveyed from their enrollment at the nursery, weekly specimens of faeces being collected over a period of 1 year. A total of 459 samples were obtained. In addition four of these children were also followed-up from their first week of life to their enrollment at the nursery, 79 samples being collected during this period. Viruses were detected in a high percentage (44.4%) of these stools, including strains of oral vaccine polioviruses together with viruses isolated in routine cell cultures and by electron microscopy (EM). These viruses were detected in both healthy and ill babies. The possible association between viruses isolated in cell cultures or detected by EM and illness was examined and the results show that the asymptomatic excretion of viruses is frequent, particularly in children within this age group.","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"96 3","pages":"545-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400066353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14853348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Natural campylobacter colonization in chickens raised under different environmental conditions. 在不同环境条件下饲养的鸡的自然弯曲杆菌定植。

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066146

G B Lindblom, E Sjörgren, B Kaijser

{"title":"Natural campylobacter colonization in chickens raised under different environmental conditions.","authors":"G B Lindblom, E Sjörgren, B Kaijser","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400066146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400066146","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study of 447 laying hens (age range 0-65 weeks) and a longitudinal study of 164 similar birds showed that Campylobacter jejuni was not present in the faeces of newly hatched chicks, but that colonization arose after 5-9 weeks. A survey of 250 broilers obtained from four breeders showed that all were negative for C. jejuni before and after slaughter at the age of 5 weeks. Once C. jejuni had appeared in a flock, it rapidly spread to virtually all birds, but at the age of 42 weeks only 20-46% of birds remained colonized, possibly as a result of having developed immunity. Birds housed in the protective environment of a laboratory still became colonized (after 9 weeks). The mode of infection is unknown, but water and food were bacteriologically negative and were deemed to be unlikely sources. Transmission via attendants, flies or other insects remain possibilities. It is concluded that prevention of colonization might be possible within the life-span of broiler chickens (5-7 weeks), but that it would be difficult to extend this period. There is a need to define how colonization arises so that the feasibility and cost of possible preventive measures can be assessed.","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"96 3","pages":"385-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400066146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14853407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 120

A study of the relative efficiencies of three commercially available dehydrated Rappaport-Vassiliadis media. 三种市售脱水Rappaport-Vassiliadis介质相对效率的研究。

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066195

E Quail, L McGibbon, C R Fricker

引用次数: 8

Impact of population density on immunization programmes. 人口密度对免疫规划的影响。

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066249

I Arita, J Wickett, F Fenner

引用次数: 49

Purified Vero cell rabies vaccine and human diploid cell strain vaccine: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses to post-exposure regimens. 纯化Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗和人二倍体细胞株疫苗:暴露后中和抗体反应的比较。

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066286

P Suntharasamai, P Chanthavanich, M J Warrell, S Looareesuwan, J Karbwang, W Supanaranond, R E Phillips, W Jansawan, C Xueref, X Pouradier-Duteil

{"title":"Purified Vero cell rabies vaccine and human diploid cell strain vaccine: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses to post-exposure regimens.","authors":"P Suntharasamai, P Chanthavanich, M J Warrell, S Looareesuwan, J Karbwang, W Supanaranond, R E Phillips, W Jansawan, C Xueref, X Pouradier-Duteil","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400066286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400066286","url":null,"abstract":"Neutralizing antibody responses to conventional rabies post-exposure regimens of human diploid cell strain vaccine (HDCSV) and the new purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) were compared in 58 healthy Thai veterinary students. The geometric mean titres (GMTs) of the group given HDCSV were slightly higher than those given PVRV, but on day 28 the peak GMTs of the two groups were statistically similar. The early antibody response to PVRV was unaffected by the addition of passive immunization, whereas the level of HDCSV response was reduced on day 14, so that there was no difference on that day between the GMTs of the two vaccine groups given HRIG. However, by day 91 the GMT of those given PVRV and HRIG was lower than in those given HDCSV alone or with HRIG. The appearance of antibody was less rapid than was observed in previous studies using multiple-site intradermal vaccination. Side effects were trivial. Our results confirm the promise of this new, potentially more economical tissue culture vaccine, but they suggest that the regimen could be improved.","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"96 3","pages":"483-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400066286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14853345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Comparison of the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of 10 micrograms and 20 micrograms of a hepatitis B vaccine: a prospective randomized trial. 10微克和20微克乙型肝炎疫苗免疫原性、有效性和安全性的比较:一项前瞻性随机试验

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066298

E K Yeoh, C L Lai, W K Chang, H Y Lo

引用次数: 9

Poliovirus antibody in Northern Greece. 希腊北部脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体。

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066274

V Kyriazopoulou-Dalaina

引用次数: 5

Sanitary study of surface water and of the beach of a water sports and leisure complex. 一个水上运动和休闲综合设施的地表水和海滩的卫生研究。

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066158

D Chabasse, P Laine, A M Simitzis-Le-Flohic, B Martineau, M el Hourch, J P Becaud

引用次数: 10

Molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus. 人轮状病毒的分子流行病学。

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066043

P Cash, E Freebain, T Brown, T M Reid

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus.","authors":"P Cash, E Freebain, T Brown, T M Reid","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400066043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400066043","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemiology of human rotavirus (HRV) in north-east Scotland was investigated between 1982 and 1984. During this period 708 HRV infections were recorded. The majority (83%) of the infections were in children less than 5 years of age although some were recorded in adults. The peak incidence occurred in the winter months although a high number of HRV infections was reported during the summer of 1983. A total of 840 faecal specimens containing rotavirus were screened for HRV genome RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seven hundred (83%) specimens gave RNA profiles suitable for establishing the HRV electrophoretype. Twenty-five different electrophoretypes were identified, of which 21 had 'long' RNA profiles and four had 'short' RNA profiles. There was extensive co-circulation of distinct electrophoretypes although during any one epidemic period the majority of viruses belonged to a relatively small number of types. Comparison of viruses collected from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients showed no differences in electrophoretype distribution. HRV was identified in faecal specimens from a wide age group and no correlation was demonstrated between age of patient and electrophoretype of the infecting virus.","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"96 2","pages":"265-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400066043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14821290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Antibody levels to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in sera collected from healthy blood donors of Wellington, New Zealand, during 1976-80. 1976- 1980年间新西兰惠灵顿健康献血者血清中肺炎支原体抗体水平。

Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/s002217240006602x

J Pearce, K Bettleheim, R Metcalfe

引用次数: 6