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HYG volume 97 issue 2 Cover and Back matter HYG第97卷第2期封面和封底
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0022172400065256
{"title":"HYG volume 97 issue 2 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0022172400065256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022172400065256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"16 1","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0022172400065256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57169311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of techniques for demonstrating antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus. 裂谷热病毒抗体检测技术的比较。
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400065414
R Swanepoel, J K Struthers, M J Erasmus, S P Shepherd, G M McGillivray, B J Erasmus, B J Barnard
{"title":"Comparison of techniques for demonstrating antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus.","authors":"R Swanepoel,&nbsp;J K Struthers,&nbsp;M J Erasmus,&nbsp;S P Shepherd,&nbsp;G M McGillivray,&nbsp;B J Erasmus,&nbsp;B J Barnard","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400065414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nine serological techniques were compared by monitoring the response to infection with Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus in three sheep. Antibodies were monitored daily for the first 14 days after infection, then weekly and later fortnightly up to week 24. The earliest antibody response was detected in one sheep on day 3 by a plaque reduction neutralization test, and by day 6 antibodies were demonstrable in all three sheep by haemagglutination-inhibition, reversed passive haemagglutination-inhibition, immunodiffusion, indirect immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization of cytopathic effect in cell cultures. Antibodies were demonstrable by complement fixation on day 8 at the earliest. IF and the two neutralization techniques produced the highest titres, but all tests could be used satisfactorily for the serological diagnosis of RVF. Inactivated antigen could be used for all except the neutralization tests. A radioimmunoassay technique using 125I-labelled staphylococcal protein A detected antibodies on day 8 at the earliest and produced lower mean titres than some of the other techniques. This was probably because sheep immunoglobulins bind protein A poorly.</p>","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"97 2","pages":"317-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400065414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14659584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 81
HYG volume 97 issue 2 Cover and Front matter HYG第97卷第2期封面和封面问题
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400065244
{"title":"HYG volume 97 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400065244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"97 1","pages":"f1 - f2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400065244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57169202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacterial and mycotic otological infections in Singapore. 新加坡的细菌性和真菌性耳科感染。
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400065475
V T Chow, B Ho, G S Hong, T C Liu
{"title":"Bacterial and mycotic otological infections in Singapore.","authors":"V T Chow,&nbsp;B Ho,&nbsp;G S Hong,&nbsp;T C Liu","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400065475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes a microbiological study of 84 young adult men with clinical otitic infections. Gram-negative aerobic bacilli were frequently isolated from these patients diagnosed as having otitis externa or chronic suppurative otitis media, of which Pseudomonas species predominated. Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and aerobic Corynebacterium species (diphtheroids) were also found. About 40% of ear infections were attributed to otomycoses, chiefly from Aspergillus species and Candida parapsilosis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the bacterial isolates revealed that Pseudomonas species were generally resistant to antibiotics commonly employed in general practice: ampicillin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline and cephaloridine. However, polymyxin B, gentamicin and neomycin were active against some Pseudomonas isolates. Other Gram-negative bacilli were also mainly sensitive to gentamicin, neomycin as well as co-trimoxazole. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration studies demonstrated good activity of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, tobramycin and carbenicillin against strains of Pseudomonas species and other Gram-negative rods. Cefotaxime and cefoxitin were active against Gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas species. Beta-lactamase production did not appear to be the main mechanism of resistance in these community-acquired Gram-negative bacillary isolates. The antimicrobial therapy of otological infections is reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"97 2","pages":"385-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400065475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14901013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Non-neonatal meningitis due to less common bacterial pathogens, the Netherlands, 1975-83. 荷兰，1975-83年，由不常见的细菌性病原体引起的非新生儿脑膜炎。
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s002217240006530x
L Spanjaard, P Bol, H C Zanen
{"title":"Non-neonatal meningitis due to less common bacterial pathogens, the Netherlands, 1975-83.","authors":"L Spanjaard,&nbsp;P Bol,&nbsp;H C Zanen","doi":"10.1017/s002217240006530x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002217240006530x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Netherlands, case histories of 160 patients aged more than 1 month, with meningitis due to bacteria other than Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were reviewed in order to look for associations between the bacteriological data and the course of disease. The incidence of such cases was about 0.8/100,000/year. Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes each accounted for about 15% of the cases. The case-fatality rate was 18.8% (Gram-negative bacteria, 25%; Gram-positives, 15%) and sequelae occurred in 13.3% of the surviving patients (14 and 13% Gram-negative and Gram-positive, respectively). Hearing loss was the most prevalent sequela (5.0%). Predisposing factors were present in 70% of patients (69 and 71% respectively), especially in meningitis due to enteric Gram-negative bacteria (except for salmonella) and due to staphylococci. Surveillance is important because the incidence of meningitis due to these micro-organisms is likely to increase and because the problems in antibiotic treatment have not yet been solved.</p>","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"97 2","pages":"219-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s002217240006530x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14228492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
An outbreak of gastroenteritis on a passenger cruise ship. 客轮上爆发肠胃炎。
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400065311
M O'Mahony, N D Noah, B Evans, D Harper, B Rowe, J A Lowes, A Pearson, B Goode
{"title":"An outbreak of gastroenteritis on a passenger cruise ship.","authors":"M O'Mahony,&nbsp;N D Noah,&nbsp;B Evans,&nbsp;D Harper,&nbsp;B Rowe,&nbsp;J A Lowes,&nbsp;A Pearson,&nbsp;B Goode","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400065311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an outbreak of gastroenteritis on board a cruise ship 251 passengers and 51 crew were affected and consulted the ship's surgeon during a 14-day period. There was a significant association between consumption of cabin tap water and reported illness in passengers. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were isolated from passengers and crew and coliforms were found in the main water storage tank. Contamination of inadequately chlorinated water by sewage was the most likely source of infection. A low level of reported illness and late recognition of the outbreak delayed investigation of what was probably the latest in a series of outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness on board this ship. There is a need for a national surveillance programme which would monitor the extent of illness on board passenger cruise ships as well as a standard approach to the action taken when levels of reported illness rise above a defined level.</p>","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"97 2","pages":"229-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400065311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14659581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Plasmids in group JK coryneform bacteria isolated in a single hospital. 某医院分离的JK组棒状细菌质粒。
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400065347
S M Kerry-Williams, W C Noble
{"title":"Plasmids in group JK coryneform bacteria isolated in a single hospital.","authors":"S M Kerry-Williams,&nbsp;W C Noble","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400065347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigation of 39 JK-type coryneform isolates from patients at a single hospital revealed that 23 possessed plasmids, which formed six groups on restriction endonuclease analysis. Four of the groups were associated with production of similar bacteriocin-like substances, and shared a minimum of 6.4 kilobase pairs of DNA. These plasmids, found in isolates from different patients, provide strong direct evidence that person-to-person transmission of JK bacteria had occurred within the hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"97 2","pages":"255-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400065347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14156093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Observations on experimental inactivated vaccines for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. 牛传染性胸膜肺炎实验性灭活疫苗的观察。
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400065402
M A Gray, P Simam, G R Smith
{"title":"Observations on experimental inactivated vaccines for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.","authors":"M A Gray,&nbsp;P Simam,&nbsp;G R Smith","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400065402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In two trials the efficacy of inactivated vaccines against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia was tested by exposing vaccinated cattle to droplet infection provided by close contact with experimentally infected 'donors'. Complete protection was given by an extreme form of vaccination in which a heavy suspension of killed Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant was given in two large doses. 'Mouse-protective antibody' (MPA) was also produced, i.e. serum transferred to mice 2-4 h before intraperitoneal challenge prevented the development of mycoplasmaemia. However, the study did not answer the question 'Is MPA protective for cattle?'. No protection was given by a milder form of vaccination in which a lighter suspension of killed mycoplasmas emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant was given in a comparatively small dose on a single occasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"97 2","pages":"305-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400065402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14901011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Faecal carriage rate of Yersinia species. 耶尔森氏菌的粪便携带率。
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400065372
A M Lewis, B Chattopadhyay
{"title":"Faecal carriage rate of Yersinia species.","authors":"A M Lewis,&nbsp;B Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400065372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 1,203 unselected routine faecal samples from 1,006 patients were cultured for Yersinia species by a cold enrichment technique. Seventy-five specimens (6.1%) from 63 patients were culture-positive for Yersinia spp. Fifty-two were Yersinia enterocolitica, 22 Yersinia frederiksenii and 1 Yersinia intermedia. The predominant Y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to biotype 1 - serotype 0:6, 30 or serotype 0:5, 27. Y. frederiksenii strains were non-typable. Forty isolates were recovered from 33 patients with gastroenteritis. During the study period 83 Salmonella spp. from 33 patients, 17 Shigella sonnei from 13 patients and 13 Campylobacter jejuni from 12 patients were cultured. Yersinia spp. was isolated in association with salmonella on three occasions, twice with rotavirus and once each with Shigella sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni and Trichuris trichiura.</p>","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"97 2","pages":"281-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400065372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14901083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Influenza in the United Kingdom 1982-85. 1982- 1985年英国的流感。
Journal of Hygiene Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400065438
P Chakraverty, P Cunningham, G Z Shen, M S Pereira
{"title":"Influenza in the United Kingdom 1982-85.","authors":"P Chakraverty,&nbsp;P Cunningham,&nbsp;G Z Shen,&nbsp;M S Pereira","doi":"10.1017/s0022172400065438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza surveillance in the UK between the years 1982 and 1985 has demonstrated the regular winter appearance of influenza A virus of both H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes and influenza B. Their antigenic diversity is described and correlated with the national statistics for morbidity and mortality for influenza. One unexpected finding has been that despite the wide circulation of influenza viruses there has been a continuation of winters without significant increases in influenza deaths or morbidity. A previous report of influenza surveillance (Pereira & Chakraverty, 1982) noted an already unusual series of three consecutive winters with this pattern. This report records a further 4 years bringing a total of seven successive winters without evidence of epidemics of severe disease associated with influenza viruses, as indicated by the national UK statistics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hygiene","volume":"97 2","pages":"347-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0022172400065438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14901012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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