Journal of Helminthology最新文献

{"title":"First genetic characterisation and phylogenetic position of <i>Aplectana hylambatis</i> (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae), infecting <i>Pithecopus azureus</i> (Anura: Hylidae) in the Brazilian Pantanal.","authors":"P S Dos Santos, I C O Silva, V L Ferreira, L E R Tavares, F Paiva, F B Pereira","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000609","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022149X24000609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aplectana hylambatis</i> (Baylis, 1927) is a widespread nematode in South America that infects different species of anurans from different families. Although the morphology of this species shows intraspecific variations and is well studied, <i>A. hylambatis</i> does not have genetic characterisation. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide the first genetic characterisation of this parasite, based on 18S and 28S rDNA sequences, as well as to evaluate its phylogenetic position in the family Cosmocercidae. The present specimens showed no major morphological variations and were assigned to <i>A. hylambatis</i> mainly based on the shape of spicules and the presence of mamelon-like structures slightly anterior to the vulva. The genetic characterisation confirmed the close relationship between <i>A. hylambatis</i> and other cosmocercids, and the 28S sequences were more informative for phylogenetic reconstruction, especially for those relationships at higher and intermediate levels. <i>Aplectana hylmabatis</i> was in a basal position within a clade formed by other congeners and species of <i>Cosmocerca.</i> The geographic origin may have influence in the divergence process of <i>Aplectana</i> spp. and genus was non-monophyletic and closely related to <i>Cosmocerca</i>, similar to previous findings. The present results will be useful for future studies on the phylogeny of Cosmocercidae, since several genera and species in this family still lack genetic characterisation. Furthermore, the 28S sequences can be useful in genetic studies of <i>A. hylambatis</i> populations, since this species appears to have phenotypic variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"98 ","pages":"e62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> playing a part in liver carcinogenesis?","authors":"S Jain","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (Sm) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been evaluated by many studies that point towards a co-relation between schistosomal infection and HCC. While many such studies demonstrated that Sm infection in the presence of another carcinogenic factors leads to HCC, none of these studies could conclusively prove the cancer-inducing ability of Sm in humans, independent of other carcinogenic factors. The aim of this work is to present the current understanding on the association of Sm with HCC. Many epidemiological, pathological, and clinical studies have shown the role of multiple events like chronic inflammation and fibrosis as well as hepato-toxic agents like soluble egg antigens (SEAs), which help in creating a micro-environment which is suitable for HCC development. The role of Sm infection and deposited eggs in causing persistent inflammation, advanced fibrosis, and the role of SEAs, especially IPSE/alpha-1, is emphasised. This work concludes that Sm infection has the potential to induce cancer independently but the same has not been reported in humans to date. Extensive research is required to establish a causal relationship between Sm infection and HCC induction, or a complete lack thereof. However, Sm infection definitely acts along with other carcinogenic factors to induce HCC at a much faster pace and also leads to an aggressive form of liver cancer, which the other carcinogenic factor could not have achieved alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"98 ","pages":"e61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Never ending diversity: two new species of the genus <i>Allocreadium</i> (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) including new keys to the genus.","authors":"K S Vainutis","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two new species of the genus <i>Allocreadium</i> were isolated from the intestines of the Lake minnow <i>Rhynchocypris percnura</i> caught in the backwater of the Komissarovka River in the South of the Russian Far East. The morphology of <i>A. anastasii</i> n. sp. corresponds to that of <i>Allocreadium</i> sp. from Lake Khar (Mongolia) and <i>Allocreadium</i> sp. Belous, 1952 from the Primorsky region of Russia except for the preacetabular anterior border of the vitelline follicles in <i>A. anastasii</i> n. sp. from the Komissarovka River vs. at anterior half of ventral sucker in <i>Allocreadium</i> sp. Genetic analysis revealed the identity of <i>A. anastasii</i> n. sp. to <i>Allocreadium</i> sp. 1 from the Nezhinka River and Lake Khar. <i>Allocreadium macrolecithum</i> n. sp. was differentiated from Palaearctic <i>Allocreadium</i> spp. by having the following features: respectively large vitelline follicles extending from posterior extremity to anterior margin of the ventral sucker; relatively short caeca reaching the border of middle and posterior thirds of hindbody; and small testes in the middle of hindbody. Interspecific genetic p-distances between <i>Allocreadium</i> spp. were 0.16-7.23% in 28S gene and 18.62-31.54% in <i>Cox1</i> mtDNA gene. In the phylogenetic tree reconstructed with Maximum parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods, <i>A. anastasii</i> n. sp. and <i>A. macrolecithum</i> n. sp. were nested into different species groups of the genus <i>Allocreadium</i> - sister to <i>A. khankaiense</i> and <i>A. bursense</i>, respectively. Modified dichotomous keys were prepared for 31 Palaearctic species of <i>Allocreadium</i> including <i>A. crassum</i>, <i>A. dogieli</i>, <i>A. papilligerum</i>, <i>A. bursense</i>, <i>A. anastasii</i> n. sp., and <i>A. macrolecithum</i> n. sp.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"98 ","pages":"e55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative taxonomy reveals two new species of <i>Maritrema</i> Nicoll, 1907 (Digenea: Microphallidae Ward, 1901), parasitizing birds in the Gulf of Mexico.","authors":"Y Aldama-Prieto, M T González-García, B Mendoza-Garfías, G Pérez-Ponce de León, M García-Varela","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of the genus <i>Maritrema</i> Nicoll, 1907 include endoparasites of aquatic birds and mammals, distributed worldwide. Adult specimens were collected from the intestines of three bird species (the great black hawks, <i>Buteogallus urubitinga</i> Gmelin; laughing gull, <i>Leucophaeus atricilla</i> Linnaeus; and the willet, <i>Tringa semipalmata</i> Gmelin) in three localities along the Gulf of Mexico. <i>Photogenophores</i> were sequenced for the large subunit (LSU) from nuclear rDNA, and the new sequences were aligned with other microphalloid sequences available in GenBank. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses revealed three independent lineages, one corresponding to a previously described species, <i>Maritrema corai</i> Hernández-Orts, Pinacho-Pinacho, García-Varela & Kostadinova, 2016, and two representing two undescribed species. These two new species are described in the current study. <i>Maritrema itzamnai</i> n. sp. can be morphologically differentiated from its four congeneric species occurring in coastal areas of Mexico by having smaller oral (20-29 × 20-38 μm) and ventral (20-39 × 19-33 μm) suckers. In addition, <i>Maritrema itzamnai</i> n. sp. possess annular vitellarium instead of a horseshoe-shaped vitellarium. <i>Maritrema kukulkanni</i> n. sp. can be distinguished from its congeneric species reported from Mexico by possessing a larger oesophagus (44-117μm) and by having a vitellarium distributed in both the hindbody and forebody. <i>Maritrema corai</i> is the third species recorded in this study parasitizing the great black hawk (<i>Buteogallus urubitinga</i>); this represents a new host and locality record, expanding its distribution range from the Mexican Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"98 ","pages":"e57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linalyl acetate against larvae of <i>Haemonchus</i> spp. and <i>Trichostrongylus</i> spp. that affects ruminants: considerations about the hormetic effect.","authors":"V P Garbin, U Y Yoshitani, M B Molento","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Active components from plants are an alternative therapy to parasite control, addressing the widespread multidrug resistance populations. Linalyl acetate (LA), an ester abundantly found in plants of the genus <i>Lavandula</i>, was tested in vitro against third-stage larvae (L3) of <i>Haemonchus</i> spp. and <i>Trichostrongylus</i> spp. using the larval migration test at 0.89, 2.24, 4.47, 8.95, 17.9, 35.8, 71.6, and 143.2 mg/ml. After an initial incubation of 18 h, the total content of each tube was transferred to a 24-well plate that allowed active L3 to migrate through a nylon mesh (second incubation). Although LA exhibited 100% efficacy in reducing larval migration at 8.95 and 17.9 mg/ml, it showed reduced activity (5%) at 143.2 mg/ml. The data revealed a hormetic biphasic response characterised by an inverted U-shaped concentration-response curve. While hormesis has been previously documented in insecticidal and allelopathic contexts, this study reports the occurrence of hormesis induced by a phytochemical component against two species of nematodes for the first time. This distinctive stimulation-and-inhibition effect should be considered when selecting new compounds for preclinical testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"98 ","pages":"e59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterisation of two new species of <i>Rhipidocotyle</i> (Digenea: Bucephalidae Poche, 1907) from <i>Sphyraena putnamae</i> Jordan & Seale in Mozambique.","authors":"J C Dumbo, Q M Dos Santos, A Avenant-Oldewage","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species-level delineation of digenetic trematodes is complex and can be best achieved by integrative taxonomy using both genetic characterisation and morphological analysis. Two new Bucephalidae species of the genus <i>Rhipidocotyle</i> Diesing, 1858 are described here based on specimens collected from the intestine of <i>Sphyraena putnamae</i> Jordan & Seale following this approach. Adults of <i>R. siphonyaka</i> n. sp. and <i>R. nolwe</i> n. sp. possess tentacles and a tegument with scales. They are distinguished from their congeners by the arrangement of the digestive structures, the extent of the uterus relative to vitelline fields, and the arrangement of the reproductive structures. <i>Rhipidocotyle siphonyaka</i> n. sp. differs from <i>R. nolwe</i> n. sp. in having the pharynx and mouth positioned in the pre-uterine field, tandem testes, longer body length, and shorter pre-vitelline and post-testicular distance. <i>Rhipidocotyle siphonyaka</i> n. sp. differs from its congeners in having a tube-like intestinal caecum, pharynx and mouth opening positioned in the pre-vitelline field. <i>Rhipidocotyle nolwe</i> n. sp. appears to be similar, morphologically and morphometrically, to <i>Rhipidocotyle khalili</i> (Nagaty, 1937). Despite their similarities, <i>R. nolwe</i> n. sp. has a shorter body length and egg size. Moreover, the molecular analysis of 28S and ITS rDNA fragments indicate that <i>R. siphonyaka</i> n. sp. and <i>R. nolwe</i> n. sp. are closely related phylogenetically but distinct from one another and other Bucephalidae for which molecular data are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"98 ","pages":"e56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species of the genus <i>Alippistrongylus</i> (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) parasitic in <i>Delomys dorsalis</i> (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","authors":"D Sá Lemes, B E de Andrade Silva, A Maldonado, R V Vilela, J L Luque, R de Oliveira Simões","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a new species of the genus <i>Alippistrongylus</i> (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) in the small intestine of <i>Delomys dorsalis</i> (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) found in Itatiaia National Park (Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, PNI), state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished between the other two species previously described by the following morphological characteristics: pattern of the rays from the caudal bursa rays in males and the spherical-shaped appendage in the female. Additionally, we provide molecular genetic data from the new species. The discovery of <i>Alippistrongylus itatiaiaensis</i> sp. n. expands our understanding of nematode diversity and underscores the importance of parasite studies in biodiversity conservation. Its occurrence in a preserved area like the PNI emphasises the role of such habitats in maintaining unique ecological interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"98 ","pages":"e58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The expression of sICAM-1 influenced by <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i> co-infection in CHB patients.","authors":"J Qiu, M Shang, W Li, H Zhang, Y Liao, H Dong","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1) has emerged as an inflammatory biomarker of many essential functions. We investigated the level of sICAM-1 influenced by <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i> (<i>C. sinensis</i>) co-infection in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients to explore the degree of liver tissue inflammation and liver function damage after co-infection. The study included data from patients with <i>C. sinensis</i> mono-infection (n=27), hepatitis B virus (HBV) mono-infection (n=32), <i>C. sinensis</i> and HBV co-infection (n=24), post-hepatitis B liver cirrhosis (n=18), post-hepatitis B liver cirrhosis co-infected with <i>C. sinensis</i> (n=16), and healthy controls (n=39). The level of sICAM-1 was measured with specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Compared to the healthy control group, all the experimental groups had significantly higher serum sICAM-1 levels. The levels of sICAM-1 in co-infected groups were significantly higher compared to the mono-infection groups and were positively correlated with the levels of glutamate aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Our research findings confirmed that co-infection could exacerbate liver tissue inflammation and liver function damage in patients, could raise the sICAM-1 level, and may lead to the chronicity of HBV infection. These results provide clues for pathological mechanism study and formulating treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"98 ","pages":"e54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of schistosome hybrids of the haematobium group in West and Central Africa","authors":"P. Agniwo, B.A.E.S. Savassi, J. Boissier, M. Dolo, M. Ibikounlé, A. Dabo","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x24000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x24000257","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridization of parasitic species is an emerging health problem in the evolutionary profile of infectious disease, particularly within trematodes of the genus <jats:italic>Schistosoma.</jats:italic> Because the consequences of this hybridization are still relatively unknown, further studies are needed to clarify the epidemiology of the disease and the biology of hybrid schistosomes. In this article, we provide a detailed review of published results on schistosome hybrids of the <jats:italic>haematobium</jats:italic> group. Using a mapping approach, this review describes studies that have investigated hybridization in human (<jats:italic>S. haematobium, S. guineensis</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>S. intercalatum</jats:italic>) and animal (<jats:italic>S. bovis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. curassoni</jats:italic>) schistosome species in West Africa (Niger, Mali, Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Benin, Nigeria) and in Central Africa (Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo), as well as their limitations linked to the underestimation of their distribution in Africa. This review provides information on studies that have highlighted hybrid species of the <jats:italic>haematobium</jats:italic> group and the regions where they have been found, notably in West and Central Africa.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description and pathology of a new genus and species of fish blood fluke (Digenea: Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912) infecting white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) in Mobile Bay (northern Gulf of Mexico) with a phylogenetic analysis","authors":"M.B. Warren, S.P. Ksepka, T.N. Truong, S.S. Curran, H.R. Dutton, S.A. Bullard","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x24000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x24000312","url":null,"abstract":"Three fish blood flukes (Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912) infect mullets (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): <jats:italic>Cardicola mugilis</jats:italic> Yamaguti, 1970 and <jats:italic>Plethorchis acanthus</jats:italic> Martin, 1975 infect striped mullet, <jats:italic>Mugil cephalus</jats:italic> Linnaeus, 1758 in the Central Pacific Ocean (Hawaiian Islands) and Brisbane River (Australia), respectively; <jats:italic>Cardicola brasiliensis</jats:italic> Knoff &amp; Amato, 1992 infects Lebranche mullet, <jats:italic>Mugil liza</jats:italic> Valenciennes, 1836 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Brazil). White mullets were cast-netted from the mouth of Deer River, a coastal saltmarsh of Mobile Bay, in the north-central Gulf of Mexico and examined for blood fluke infections. Specimens of <jats:italic>Mugilitrema labowskiae</jats:italic> Warren &amp; Bullard n. gen., n. sp. were found infecting the endocardial surface and inter-trabecular spaces of the atrium, ventricle, and bulbous arteriosus. The new genus and species differ from all other aporocotylids by having the combination of two post-caecal testes, a uterus with straight ascending and descending portions, and a common genital pore. The 28S analysis recovered the new species and <jats:italic>P.</jats:italic><jats:italic>acanthus</jats:italic> as sister taxa and Aporocotylidae as monophyletic. Carditis associated with intense infections comprised endocardial hyperplasia, resulting in a thickened cardiac endothelium. Probable dead or deteriorating eggs in the myocardium were encapsulated by granulomas composed of epithelioid histiocytes. Live eggs infected the afferent artery of gill filaments and were associated with varied hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium and haemorrhaging from the afferent artery in high-intensity infections. The new species is the first aporocotylid infecting a mullet from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and only the second description of demonstrable endocarditis attributed to an adult fish blood fluke infection.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}