Journal of Helminthology最新文献

{"title":"Monoamine oxidase in amphistomes and its role in worm motility","authors":"S.M.A. Abidi, W.A. Nizami","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00701039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00701039","url":null,"abstract":"The quantitative assay of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity revealed a higher enzyme level in <jats:italic>Explanatum explanatum</jats:italic> than <jats:italic>Gastrothylax crumenifer</jats:italic>. The specific MAO inhibitors, chlorgyline, pargyline, deprenyl and nialamide produced different degrees of interspecific inhibition. The differential effects on enzyme activity of chlorgyline and deprenyl suggests the possible existence of polymorphic forms of the enzyme, MAO-A and MAO-B, in amphistomes. These specific inhibitors also had a differential influence on the <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> motility of amphistomes, further indicating the involvement of different forms of MAO in the oxidative deamination of biogenic monoamines which might be partly responsible for neuromuscular coordination in amphistomes. The experimental procedures used in this study could be conveniently used for quick screening and evaluation of some of the qualitative effects of anthelmintic drugs under <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> conditions.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminth communities of pademelons, Thylogale stigmatica and T. thetis from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea","authors":"J.E. Griffith, I. Beveridge, N.B. Chilton, P.M. Johnson","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00701076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00701076","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal helminths were collected from pademelons of the genus <jats:italic>Thylogale</jats:italic> (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Examined were 12 <jats:italic>Thylogale stigmatica stigmatica</jats:italic> and 13 <jats:italic>T. s. wilcoxi</jats:italic>, the latter subdivided into eight specimens from the northern limit of their distribution and five from southern areas, all from eastern Queensland, Australia, one <jats:italic>T. s. oriomo</jats:italic> from Papua New Guinea and ten <jats:italic>T. thetis</jats:italic> from southeastern Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia. Six species of cestodes and 40 species of nematodes were found. The helminth community of <jats:italic>T. s. stigmatica</jats:italic> was similar to that found in northern specimens of <jats:italic>T. s. wilcoxi</jats:italic>, while differences from the helminth community present in southern <jats:italic>T. s. wilcoxi</jats:italic> could be accounted for by parasites acquired from sympatric <jats:italic>T. thetis</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Thylogale thetis</jats:italic> harboured a community of helminths distinct from but related to that in <jats:italic>T. stigmatica</jats:italic>. The evidence suggests that all subspecies of <jats:italic>T. stigmatica</jats:italic> examined share a common helminth community, but that in areas of sympatry, <jats:italic>T. stigmatica</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. thetis</jats:italic> share some of their parasites.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The distribution of the introduced tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in Australian freshwater fishes","authors":"A.D.M. Dove, A.S. Fletcher","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700782","url":null,"abstract":"Native and exotic fishes were collected from 29 sites across coastal and inland New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, using a range of techniques, to infer the distribution of <jats:italic>Bothriocephalus acheilognathi</jats:italic> (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) and the host species in which it occurs. The distribution of <jats:italic>B. acheilognathi</jats:italic> was determined by that of its principal host, carp, <jats:italic>Cyprinus</jats:italic><jats:italic>carpio</jats:italic>; it did not occur at sites where carp were not present. The parasite was recorded from all native fish species where the sample size exceeded 30 and which were collected sympatrically with carp: <jats:italic>Hypseleotris klunzingeri</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Hypseleotris</jats:italic> sp. 4, <jats:italic>Hypseleotris</jats:italic> sp. 5, <jats:italic>Phylipnodon grandiceps</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Retropinna semoni</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Bothriocephalus acheilognathi</jats:italic> was also recorded from the exotic fishes <jats:italic>Gambusia holbrooki</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Carassius</jats:italic><jats:italic>auratus</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Hypseleotris</jats:italic> sp. 4, <jats:italic>Hypseleotris</jats:italic> sp. 5, <jats:italic>P. grandiceps</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>R. semoni</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. auratus</jats:italic> are new host records. The parasite was not recorded from any sites in coastal drainages. The only carp population examined from a coastal drainage (Albert River, south-east Queensland) was also free of infection; those fish had a parasite fauna distinct from that of carp in inland drainages and may represent a separate introduction event. <jats:italic>Bothriocephalus acheilognathi</jats:italic> has apparently spread along with its carp hosts and is so far restricted to the Murray-Darling Basin. The low host specificity of this parasite is cause for concern given the threatened or endangered nature of some Australian native freshwater fish species. A revised list of definitive hosts of <jats:italic>B. acheilognathi</jats:italic>is presented.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic variability within laboratory and wild isolates of the trichostrongyle mouse nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus","authors":"M.A. Abu-Madi, S.N. Mohd-Zain, J.W. Lewis, A.P. Reid","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700903","url":null,"abstract":"PCR-RFLP techniques have been used to characterize wild and laboratory isolates of the trichostrongyle nematode <jats:italic>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</jats:italic> from the wood mouse <jats:italic>Apodemus sylvaticus</jats:italic> and the laboratory mouse <jats:italic>Mus musculus</jats:italic> respectively. Both isolates can be distinguished by eight endonuclease digestions of the ITS region of the rDNA repeat namely, <jats:italic>Alu</jats:italic> I, <jats:italic>Dde</jats:italic> I, <jats:italic>Hpa</jats:italic> II, <jats:italic>Hae</jats:italic> III, <jats:italic>Hinf</jats:italic> I, <jats:italic>Hha</jats:italic> I, <jats:italic>Pvu</jats:italic> II and <jats:italic>Sal</jats:italic> I. In two of the digests, <jats:italic>Hinf</jats:italic> I and <jats:italic>Rsa</jats:italic> I, a minor polymorphism was observed in the wild isolate of <jats:italic>H. polygyrus</jats:italic> which has been cultured in laboratory-bred <jats:italic>A. sylvaticus</jats:italic> for several generations when compared with <jats:italic>H. p. polygyrus</jats:italic> from wild <jats:italic>A. sylvaticus</jats:italic>. A minor polymorphism was also identified in further wild isolates of <jats:italic>H. polygyrus</jats:italic> collected from <jats:italic>A. sylvaticus</jats:italic> in a field site in Egham, Surrey. However no evidence of polymorphism was observed in the laboratory isolate of <jats:italic>H. polygyrus</jats:italic> from the CD1 strain of <jats:italic>M. musculus</jats:italic> and the laboratory-bred <jats:italic>A. sylvaticus</jats:italic>. Reasons for this are discussed and further studies on the population genetics of <jats:italic>H. polygyrus</jats:italic> are suggested.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasite community similarity between four Irish lakes","authors":"C.J. Byrne, C. Grey, C. Holland, R. Poole","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00701064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00701064","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 140 trout were examined from four lakes in north west Ireland, Loughs Craghy, Waskel, Meela and Owennamarve. Eleven species of metazoan parasite were recorded, ten of which were of freshwater origin and <jats:italic>Anisakis</jats:italic>sp. was the only marine species. No acanthocephalan species were found. <jats:italic>Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. dendriticum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anisakis</jats:italic>sp. were the only allogenic species. Lough Owennamarve had the largest component community with nine species recorded. Lough Meela, the only brackish water lake had the smallest component community with six species recorded. Lough Waskel and Craghy had intermediate component community values. Lough Meela showed the lowest levels of similarity to any of the other lakes. Values for the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were highest for Lough Owennamarve and lowest for Lough Meela and intermediate for the other two lakes. Lough Meela had the highest values for the Simpson's dominance index and the Berger-Parker index. Lough Owennamarve had the highest Brillouin's index and Lough Meela had the lowest. The use of multiple regression techniques to control for the potentially confounding effect of geographical distance as a predictor of community similarity was discussed. No parasite species found could be considered as regionally and locally abundant and therefore described as a core species. The helminth community appears to have some degree of predictability, but chance colonization events are also important.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of a 24-kDa collagenase in the Gymnorhynchus gigas plerocercoid","authors":"C. Vázquez-López, C. de Armas-Serra, J. Pérez-Serrano, C. Giménez-Pardo, F. Rodríguez-Caabeiro","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700885","url":null,"abstract":"A 24-kDa collagenase was localized in the <jats:italic>Gymnorhynchus gigas</jats:italic> plerocercoid immunohistochemically by peroxidase complex staining using polyclonal antibodies from NMRI mouse sera immunized with purified enzyme. Immunoreactivity was determined at different parts of the body (scolex, vesicle and caudal region) and mainly localized in microtriches and parenchymal tissues of the scolex and vesicle. These results, along with the absence of the enzyme in the plerocercoid excretion–secretion products, suggest that the 24-kDa collagenase is produced by parenchymal cells in the anterior region and transported to the outer regions of the worm It is possible that the enzyme plays an important role in degrading parasite tissues during the moulting process.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations and interactions among intestinal helminths of the brown trout, Salmo trutta, in northern Italy","authors":"B.S. Dezfuli, L. Giari, S. De Biaggi, R. Poulin","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00701519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00701519","url":null,"abstract":"Species co-occurrences and interspecific associations between intensity of infection were studied in helminth communities of three populations of brown trout, <jats:italic>Salmo trutta</jats:italic>, from northern Italy. Of the eight helminth species, only four were common enough to be included in the analyses: <jats:italic>Pomphorhynchus laevis, Acanthocephalus anguillae, Echinorhynchus truttae</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cyathocephalus truncatus</jats:italic>. The observed frequencies of co-occurrences of the different species, based on presence/absence data, did not differ from those predicted by a null model derived from prevalence data. However, the intensity of infection (number of individuals per fish) of different helminth species were generally, but not always significantly, negatively correlated in tests of pairwise associations. Variation in fish sizes and its effect on infection levels, and whether or not two helminth species used the same or different intermediate hosts, had no influence on these findings. Of the few significant negative associations found between pairs of helminth species, none was found in more than one fish population. This suggests that interspecific associations may be condition-dependent: even in apparently similar localities, the same combinations of helminth species show different associations. Without evidence of replicability, it is almost impossible to conclude to the consistent role of competition between any pair of helminth species in the field.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphogenesis and distribution of Trichostrongylus retortaeformis in the intestine of the rabbit","authors":"F. Audebert, J. Cassone, H. Hoste, M.C. Durette-Desset","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700757","url":null,"abstract":"The morphogenesis and the distribution along the digestive tract of <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus retortaeformis</jats:italic>(Zeder, 1800) (Nematoda) were studied in detail in one of its natural hosts, <jats:italic>Oryctolagus cuniculus</jats:italic>. Worm-free rabbits were each infected with <jats:italic>T. retortaeformis</jats:italic> larvae and were killed at 12 h post-infection (HPI) and on each day from 1 to 15 days post-infection (DPI). The distribution of worm populations along the small intestine was assessed. At the different dates of infection, more than 80% of the population was recovered from the first third of the intestine with more than 50% occuring in the first 30 cm. For each date, morphological descriptions of the different stages of the life cycle were also provided. In addition, adult worms collected from naturally infected rabbits from France were redescribed.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monospecific helminth and arthropod infections in an urban population of brown rats from Doha, Qatar","authors":"M.A. Abu-Madi, J.W. Lewis, M. Mikhail, M.E. El-Nagger, J.M. Behnke","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00701489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00701489","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic infections were studied for the first time in an urban population of brown rats (<jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus</jats:italic>) from Doha. Only one species of helminth was found, the cestode <jats:italic>Hymenolepis diminuta</jats:italic>, and one ectoparasite, the flea <jats:italic>Xenopsylla astia</jats:italic>, from a sample size of 136 rats (52 males and 84 females). The prevalence of <jats:italic>H. diminuta</jats:italic> was 17.6%, increasing with host age but not in relation to host sex nor season of capture. Host age was a key factor in influencing abundance of infection, although there was a significant three-way interaction with season and host sex arising through heavy infections in juvenile male rats in the summer. The prevalence of <jats:italic>X. astia</jats:italic> was 45.6%, although both prevalence and abundance of infestations were season and host age dependent. In the winter prevalence and abundance were similar in both host age and sex groups, but in the summer both parameters of infestation were markedly higher among juveniles compared with adults. We found evidence for some association between these two species: <jats:italic>H. diminuta</jats:italic> was more prevalent among rats with fleas than among those without, although this association was season-, and independently sex- and age-dependent. There were no quantitative interactions and reasons for this are discussed in relation to the foraging and breeding behaviour of the brown rat in Qatar.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystacanths of Bolbosoma vasculosum in the black scabbard fish Aphanopus carbo, oceanic horse mackerel Trachurus picturatus and common dolphin Delphinus delphis from Madeira, Portugal","authors":"G. Costa, J.C. Chubb, C.J. Veltkamp","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700770","url":null,"abstract":"Cystacanths of the acanthocephalan, <jats:italic>Bolbosoma vasculosum</jats:italic> Rudolphi 1819, were found to be encapsulated in the connective tissues of the viscera of the black scabbard fish, <jats:italic>Aphanopus carbo</jats:italic> and oceanic horse mackerel, <jats:italic>Trachurus picturatus</jats:italic>from Madeira, Atlantic Ocean. Juvenile worms were obtained from the intestine of a stranded common dolphin, <jats:italic>Delphinus delphis</jats:italic>, also from Madeira. Cystacanths were 11–15 mm long, with a proboscis of 18–19 longitudinal rows, eight hooks per row, and two sets of trunk spines. Overall, the morphology and dimensions of the proboscis, neck and trunk corresponded to previous descriptions. Scanning electron microscopy of the proboscis structures and trunk spines is provided for the first time. The prevalence of <jats:italic>B. vasculosum</jats:italic> in <jats:italic>A. carbo</jats:italic> increased with fish length. There were no statistical differences in the prevalence and intensity of infection between seasons. The intensity of infection was similar for male and female fishes, but there were significant differences in relation to length, longer fishes having heavier infections. <jats:italic>Aphanopus carbo</jats:italic> from Madeira represents a new host record and a new geographic location for <jats:italic>B. vasculosum.</jats:italic>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}