Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"An Intervention to Improve Emotion Regulation in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Theodore Tsaousides, Lisa Spielman, Emily Dudek, Meaghan Race, Belinda Yew, Kristen Dams-O'Connor, Maria Kajankova","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001132","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of Online EmReg, a telehealth group intervention to improve emotion regulation (ER) in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomized controlled trial with the waitlist control (WL) group.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 109 individuals with TBI (66% mild; 34% moderate/severe) and deficits in ER.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Twenty-four biweekly sessions of Online EmReg.</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Problem Solving Inventory, Dysexecutive Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements in ER were noted in both the immediate start and the WL groups by the end of the treatment. Significant differences in ER were found between the immediate start end-of-treatment scores and the WL treatment-onset scores on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. No changes were found between end-of-treatment and follow-up assessment scores in either group. The rate of improvement was similar for both groups during the treatment phase. Significant improvements were also noted on self-report measures of affect, satisfaction with life, and executive functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence supports the efficacy of Online EmReg to improve ER following TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"265-276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing and Managing Agitation During Early Recovery in Children With Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Australia: A National Survey.","authors":"Sarah J Knight, Taylor Jenkin, Vicki Anderson, Emma Tavender, Carolyn Pinto, Adam McKay, Natasha A Lannin, Adam Scheinberg","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001119","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Agitation is a common experience in the early stages of recovery from moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at any age, but there is limited research evidence to guide best practice for children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to explore current approaches to the assessment and management of agitation following pediatric moderate-to-severe TBI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2024, a cross-sectional anonymous survey was distributed via email to clinicians involved in care of children during early moderate-to-severe TBI recovery in Australia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents were 58 clinicians (medical, nursing, and allied health) who worked in pediatric emergency, intensive care, acute, or inpatient rehabilitation settings. Findings indicated that formal measures are rarely used to evaluate, monitor, and document agitation in children with moderate-to-severe TBI in the early stages of recovery, despite a wide range of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions being used in its management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future research is critical to ensure that developmentally appropriate measures of agitation are implemented in clinical practice following pediatric moderate-to-severe TBI and to address the lack of evidence for the range of interventions used.</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"288-297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicians' Perspectives on Adolescent Return-to-Drive Post-Concussion: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Taylor Hartlaub, Lindsay Sullivan, Vishaka Kalra, Steven Cuff, Despina Stavrinos, Jingzhen Yang","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001124","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore physicians' views and practices regarding driving following concussion, with a particular focus on return-to-drive recommendations for adolescents.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Health care.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 11 participating physicians from various medical specialties, with 7 in Sports Medicine, 2 in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1 in Emergency Medicine, and 1 in Family Medicine.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Qualitative interview study using virtual, semi-structured interviews.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>Views and practices regarding return-to-drive protocols for adolescent patients following concussion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven interviews were conducted with 6 male and 5 female physicians. Two researchers independently coded the verbatim transcripts using systematic, open, and focused coding. Three major themes were identified regarding physicians' views and practices on return-to-drive following concussion: (1) evidence, (2) determinants, and (3) recommendations. Physicians expressed that the lack of clear evidence regarding the timing of safe return-to-drive contributed to their discomfort and infrequent discussions of the subject with their patients. The content and timing of return-to-drive discussions varied among physicians and were influenced by several factors, including the timing of initial and follow-up clinical visits, the physician's experience and comfort level, and the perceived receptivity and compliance of the adolescent with the recommendations. Physicians emphasized that return-to-drive guidelines should be tailored to each patient's unique recovery trajectory and needs, rather than following a one-size-fits-all approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the urgent need for evidence-based clinical guidance, particularly for adolescent drivers as they face heightened risk for both concussion and motor vehicle collisions. Currently, the absence of standardized protocol leads to inconsistent practices among physicians and inadequate guidance for recovering adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"298-306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concussion Classification in a Multicenter Patient Cohort: The Updated ACRM Diagnostic Criteria and Concordance With Physician Impression of Injury.","authors":"Andrew B Dodd, Noah D Silverberg, Keith Owen Yeates, Kitty Chen, Stephen A Kutcher, Richard J Webster, Sharon Johnston, Miguel A Cortel-Leblanc, Ivan Terekhov, Roger L Zemek","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001125","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) substantially revised its diagnostic criteria for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in 2023, encompassing acute symptoms and positive clinical and laboratory examinations, in addition to immediate signs of injury. This study aimed to apply these criteria to a large, diverse cohort and compare the diagnostic determination to physician impression of injury.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A network of 3 concussion specialty clinics in Ontario, Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 1447 patients (61.0% female; median age = 26 years [IQR: 15-42 years, range: 3-87 years]; days post-injury (median: 23 IQR: [13-47, 0-349]) completed initial evaluations between June 28, 2024 and June 18, 2025.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>Occurrence rates were calculated, and binary/ordinal logistic regressions were applied to determine if individual criterion endorsement or diagnostic outcome (\"Definite,\" \"Suspected,\" and \"No mTBI\") was associated with age, sex, symptoms at clinical presentation, or days post-injury. Additionally, concordance with physician impression was assessed similarly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Criteria for signs, symptoms, and clinical examinations were all more likely to be endorsed with increasing symptom severity at presentation, as was an ACRM diagnostic outcome of definite mTBI. Shorter time post-injury was associated with positive clinical/laboratory examinations and the presence of confounding factors, in addition to a definite diagnostic outcome. A total of 18.4% of cases were classified less definitively as mTBI by physician impression than by the updated ACRM diagnosis, with physicians tending toward underdiagnosis, particularly in patients reporting lower current symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of the ACRM criteria clinically to determine if an injury qualifies as mTBI may be less susceptible to bias from ongoing symptom reporting than the physician impression of the injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E262-E271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Letter: Surveying Clinician Variability in Neuro-Prognostication for Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Eryn Reeder, Sina Asaadi, Duc Tran, Maryam B Tabrizi, Martin G Rosenthal","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001129","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the approach to, accuracy, and variability of neuro-prognostication for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) among clinicians caring for these patients.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Data were collected via an anonymous electronic survey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The survey was emailed to all clinicians who care for patients with TBI at a Level 1 Trauma Center.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>In this observational survey study, respondents were provided vignettes of 3 real patients with TBI and asked to predict 2-year Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) scores and 6-month risk of mortality and unfavorable outcome (GOS-E <4). Medical management decisions and approach to goals of care discussions were queried. Results were collected anonymously.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>Primary outcome measure was prognostic variability. Secondary outcome measures included overall prognostic accuracy and incidence of management recommendations overall and by clinical role.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 55 respondents, 16 (29%) were attending physicians, 19 (35%) residents or fellows, 6 (11%) advanced practice providers, and 14 (25%) nurses. The accuracy of prognostication based on initial patient presentation was 15%. The range of responses for predicted outcome for each patient spanned all GOS-E scores (1-8), and responses for predicted probability of 6-month mortality ranged from 0% to 99% for each patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prognostication accuracy was low, and predictions were highly variable, including all possible neurologic outcomes and mortality ranges. Decreasing the variability in neuro-prognostication for patients with severe TBI is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E339-E344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145345461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Determinants of Health in Pediatric Concussion: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Scott Ramsay, Jessica A Harasym, Brian Liu, Hunter Lloyd","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001123","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In North America, concussions are a common injury in the pediatric population. Much of the research to date has focused on biological aspects of concussion. Consideration of psychological, social and ecological factors, specifically the social determinants of health (SDH), relevant to concussion is essential to advancing the field of pediatric concussion.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Using the WHO Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health, we performed a scoping review to (1) identify and describe the research areas studied in the literature on SDH and pediatric concussion, and (2) summarize the reported findings of the included studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search for peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2025, was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Selected studies were reviewed for descriptive analysis by two independent reviewers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 26 studies were included in this scoping review and the topics of study were grouped into 3 main categories: (1) identification; (2) service access and utilization; and (3) outcomes. Lower socioeconomic status (SES), limited English proficiency, and housing instability were linked to a higher incidence of concussions. Non-White pediatric patients, those with public insurance, and rural residents were more likely to use emergency departments instead of specialized concussion services. Non-White participants often had shorter recovery times, while the connections between socioeconomic status, public school attendance, and recovery duration were inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings illustrate current gaps in the literature and opportunities for actions to address SDH among children and adolescents to improve representation in concussion research, understand differences in concussion reporting and tracking and learn about and mitigate disparities in access to concussion care and treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E272-E287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Communication: The Global Phenomenon of Sex Work, Intimate Partner Violence, and Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Martina Anto-Ocrah, Grace Osborne, Elizabeth Giordano, Carrie Esopenko, Thuy Bui, Joshua Kimani","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001130","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/study motivation: </strong>Sex work, an occupation or trade involving exchange of sexual services for economic compensation, is a highly gendered profession, with 60% to 80% of sex workers identifying as women. The rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among persons who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in the sex worker population is significantly high. According to global estimates, 80% of female sex workers have experienced IPV, with an estimated 95% reporting TBIs, sustained either by being hit in the head with objects and/or having their heads slammed into objects while on the job. Conversely, only 10% of IPV survivors in general populations report TBIs. Despite the high \"occupational risk\" of TBI in the sex worker population, research on the intersection of IPV-TBI in this population has been scant, heavily focused on sexually transmitted diseases and law enforcement, rather than the occupational hazard of IPV-induced TBI that these women face on a daily basis. Literature on HIV/AIDS specifically in sex workers is very well represented, but there is a research gap on the risk of TBI in female sex workers, leaving one of the most vulnerable groups to TBI underrepresented in research and intervention.</p><p><strong>Objectives, methods, and design: </strong>In this commentary, we discuss the intersection of sex work and TBI using a \"globalization\" lens. Drawing from the literature, clinical, observational, and epidemiological cases from Africa (Kenya), Asia (Vietnam), North America (the US), and Oceania (New Zealand), we explore the evolving definitions of sex work; discuss the occupational hazards of the profession with an emphasis on TBI; advocate for ways forward through using harm reduction as a framework; and implore the TBI research community to identify women and girls who participate in sex work as a TBI high-risk group , so they can receive appropriate care and attention. After all, sex work is the \"World's Oldest Profession.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preinjury and Injury-Related Risk Factors Associated With Concussion Clinical Profiles Screening (CP Screen) and Clinician-Adjudicated Profiles.","authors":"Daniel M Choi, Anthony P Kontos, Elizabeth E Foster, Kenneth B Goldberg","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001133","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association of select demographic, medical history, and injury-related factors to Concussion Clinical Profile Screening (CP Screen) scores and clinician-adjudicated profiles in patients following concussion.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study used an outpatient concussion specialty clinic setting.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Of 5024 patients, 242 participants aged 9 to 51 years ( M = 15.66, SD  = 4.1) were selected who were diagnosed with a concussion at their initial visit within 30 days, had no moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, and had no neurological, substance use, vestibular, or ocular disorders.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with masked intervention clinicians.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>The scores of 5 CP Screen profiles (anxiety/mood, cognitive/fatigue, posttraumatic migraine, vestibular, and ocular) and 2 modifiers (sleep and cervical) were correlated with masked clinician-adjudicated clinical profiles. Multiple backward stepwise linear regressions were used to predict scores on the CP Screen. Adjudicated clinical profiles were predicted using multiple backward stepwise logistic regressions (LR) with receiver operating curve analyses of the areas under the curve. CP Screen scores and adjudicated profiles were compared using point biserial correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most risk factors were related to one or more CP Screen scores ( P < .05). Multiple LRs for clinician-adjudicated profiles revealed depression history (OR = 7.58), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder learning disabilities (ADHD/LD) history (OR = 2.67), and non-sport-related concussions (non-SRC; OR = 0.27) predicted anxiety/mood profile (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.74, P < .001). Motion sickness history (OR = 0.47) predicted posttraumatic migraine profile (AUC = 0.64, P = .01). ADHD/LD history (OR = 2.67) predicted cognitive/fatigue profile (AUC = 0.65, P = .01). All CP Screen scores correlated with the adjudicated anxiety/mood profile ( r = 0.20-0.47, P < .05) and most scores with vestibular profile ( r = 0.13-0.36, P < .05). Posttraumatic migraine ( r = -0.13 to 0.32, P < .05) and ocular ( r = 0.15-0.34, P < .05) profile scores correlated with most clinical profile adjudications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Numerous preinjury and injury-related factors are useful for identifying CP Screen scores. However, only few factors predicted respective clinician-adjudicated profiles also. These findings highlight the utility of these factors for concussion care and the injury's multifaceted nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"317-326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148330549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Vestibular Disorders in Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jasmine S Edwards, Chelsea J Manetta, Regan G Harrell","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001141","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause a wide range of impairments, with moderate to severe TBI resulting in more significant disability than mild TBI. Vestibular dysfunction, which can present symptoms of dizziness, vertigo, or imbalance, is common following a TBI but has been less researched in moderate to severe TBIs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in individuals with moderate to severe TBI and investigate the vestibular assessments used.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Two comprehensive searches were performed using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and clinical trial registries, with limitations set for the periods January 1, 1990, to November 8, 2023, and November 9, 2023, to March 27, 2025. Two reviewers screened articles by title and abstract. One reviewer performed full-text screening and final article extraction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An initial search yielded 7472 articles, of which 91 underwent full-text review, and 11 met the inclusion criteria. A second search added 589 articles, from which 7 additional studies were included. In total, 18 studies met all eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. The included studies varied in design, consisting of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and retrospective reviews. Vestibular dysfunction was assessed through a range of methods, and varying metrics determined the severity of TBI. Incidence of vestibular impairments ranged between 1% and 80% in those with moderate to severe TBI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vestibular dysfunction is prevalent among individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI, although the methods of assessment vary. Future studies should aim to be more consistent in documenting the severity of TBI, the evaluation of vestibular dysfunction, and determining interventions that are most beneficial for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E329-E338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Risk of Hydrocephalus Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.","authors":"Youngoh Bae, Chaeyoon Kang, Hohyun Jung, Seung Won Lee","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001114","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000001114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>tThis study aimed to provide evidence on the long-term risk and comparative outcomes of hydrocephalus, a serious complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (2002-2013). Data from 2002 to 2005 were used as a washout period, and cases identified from 2005 to 2013 were included in the analysis. New-onset hydrocephalus was defined as at least 2 medical claims with code G91 of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 17 331 patients diagnosed with TBI or HS were matched with 86 655 controls using propensity score matching.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study comparing patients with TBI or HS to matched controls.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>Crude incidence rates (IRs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and adjusted hazard ratios were estimated using time-stratified Cox models over a 9-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of hydrocephalus was significantly higher in the case group (IR, 1.88 per 1000 person-years) than in the control group (IR, 0.10). The overall IRR was 19.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.30-29.00). Stratified analyses showed an IRR of 8.21 (95% CI, 5.32-12.68) for TBI and 35.49 (95% CI, 20.53-61.36) for HS. The adjusted hazard ratios declined over time but remained elevated for up to 6 years post-diagnosis. Risk was high in younger individuals, smokers, and alcohol users.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TBI and HS are associated with a substantially increased long-term risk of hydrocephalus, especially in the early years following diagnosis. HS confers a greater risk than TBI. These findings underscore the need for prolonged surveillance in high-risk individuals and appropriate management of hydrocephalus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E288-E299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}