Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Validation of anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance equations for the prediction of fat mass amongst South African children.","authors":"M T Hudda, E van Niekerk, C M Sedumedi, L Moeng-Mahlangu, P H Whincup, J J Reilly, H S Kruger, M A Monyeki","doi":"10.1111/dom.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>While several prediction equations which combine anthropometric, demographic, and/or bioelectrical impedance (BIA) variables to estimate childhood fat mass (FM) are available, comprehensive comparisons of their performance are lacking. We validated FM estimates for children from a range of published equations against reference-standard deuterium dilution observed FM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was based on 323 children (42% male) from South Africa of Black African ethnic origins aged 5 to 8 years with information on age, sex, ethnicity, height, weight, deuterium dilution observed FM, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, and BIA observed FM, resistance, and impedance. We extracted all equations from three systematic reviews of childhood FM prediction equations that used the above available predictors and were developed on more than 100 males and females. FM estimates from each equation were calculated and the performance of each, as well as FM reported from the BIA manufacturer software, was compared with deuterium dilution observed FM using statistics of R², Calibration (slope and calibration-in-the-large), and root mean square error (RMSE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen equations (1 based on basic anthropometry, 12 on skinfold thickness, 6 on BIA) were validated. R² and RMSE values ranged between 58.3% (BIA manufacturer equation) and 89.0% (Britz et al. (2017) skinfold thickness equation), and between 1.1 kg (Wendel et al. (2016) skinfold thickness equation) and 3.4 kg (Horlick et al. (2002) BIA equation), respectively. Calibration varied considerably across the equations. From the basic anthropometry, skinfold thickness, and BIA categories, the best performing equations from each category were by: Hudda et al. (2019) (basic anthropometry), Wickramasinghe et al. (2008) (skinfold thickness), and Ramirez et al. (2012) (BIA).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The performance of published equations varied considerably upon external validation in this South African childhood population. Notably, the Hudda et al. (2019) equation, which relies solely on readily available information of weight, height, sex, age and ethnicity, produced one of the highest R² values, was well calibrated, and produced a low RMSE value (1.4 kg). Alternative equations which also performed very well relied on additional measurements of skinfold thickness and/or BIA which require equipment, training, extra costs and additional time to obtain.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood glucose trajectories in diabetes patients receiving CAPDCA model of personalised patient education: A cluster randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Jie Li, YuJiang Liu, Wei Xing, Yue Jiang","doi":"10.1111/dom.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The CAPDCA (Collection, Assessment, Plan, Do, Check, Aggrandisement) Model is a structured and individualised health education framework designed for dynamic adjustment and continuous improvement. This study evaluated its efficacy in diabetes management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted across 6 community health centres, involving 178 patients with type 2 diabetes. The intervention group (n = 90) received CAPDCA model education, while the control group (n = 88) received traditional education. The intervention spanned 18 months, with HbA1c collected at baseline and study end. Blood glucose was collected at each follow-up. Analysis used Group-Based Trajectory Model (GBTM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed: lower HbA1c (t = 6.356, p < 0.01) and greater HbA1c reduction (t = -6.117, p < 0.01). GBTM revealed distinct glucose trajectories: FBG had two trajectories (Steady descent group and rebound group). The 2 h-PG had three trajectories (High BG-high descent group, Medium BG-low descent group, and low BG-high descent group). All trajectories demonstrated that blood glucose levels reached clinically target ranges post-intervention. Baseline HbA1c influenced FBG trajectories, while baseline HbA1c and medication adherence influenced 2 h-PG trajectories. Age, gender, education, and disease duration showed no significant association with trajectories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CAPDCA model can effectively improve the control of HbA1c. The analysis of influencing factors of different trajectories suggested that the model was suitable for patients with different ages, genders, education levels, and disease duration. Further studies would be needed in exploring the application to various diseases and integrating the CAPDCA model with technologies such as artificial intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender disparities in SGLT2 inhibitor prescriptions for CKD: Time to move from recognition to action.","authors":"Omer F Akcay","doi":"10.1111/dom.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of estetrol/drospirenone versus ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone on glucose tolerance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Phattarika Bunyapipat, Satit Klangsin, Krantarat Peeyananjarassri, Saranya Wattanakumtornkul, Sirapat Katesuwan, Alan Geater, Amornkan Numit","doi":"10.1111/dom.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare the effects of estetrol/drospirenone (E4/DRSP) and ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone (EE/DRSP) on glucose tolerance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This open-label, randomised crossover trial was conducted from January 2024 to January 2025. Women with PCOS, diagnosed according to the modified 2003 Rotterdam criteria, received three cycles of either E4 15 mg/DRSP 3 mg or EE 30 mcg/DRSP 3 mg. After a 2-month washout, participants crossed over to the alternate regimen for three further cycles. Glucose tolerance (via 75 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]), insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were compared between treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 66 women enrolled, 61 completed both treatment phases. Baseline characteristics were comparable. No significant differences were observed in the mean changes in 2-h OGTT (E4/DRSP: 4.65 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.37 to 11.66] vs. EE/DRSP: 14.40 mg/dL [95% CI 7.50-21.29]; p = 0.05; upper boundary for non-inferiority margin of 14.29), 1-h insulin levels (-1.04 μU/mL [95% CI -25.94 to 23.86] vs. -0.77 μU/mL [95% CI -25.24 to 23.70]; p = 0.99; upper boundary for non-inferiority margin of 50.72) or HOMA-IR (0.28 [95% CI -0.24 to 0.80] vs. 0.60 [95% CI 0.09-1.11]; p = 0.39; upper boundary for non-inferiority margin of 1.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>E4/DRSP was not inferior to EE/DRSP in its effects on glucose tolerance, insulin levels and HOMA-IR, supporting its use as a potential oral contraceptive option in women with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of multidisciplinary care in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and cardiometabolic disease, with a focus on Canada.","authors":"James Kim, Paolo Raggi, Anne-Marie Carreau, Sean Wharton, Alice Y Y Cheng, Mark G Swain","doi":"10.1111/dom.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Most patients develop MASH in association with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Optimal disease management requires effective multidisciplinary collaboration between primary care physicians and specialists from different medical fields; however, awareness of the risks, association with CMD, diagnosis, complications, and management strategies of MASH is low among non-liver specialists. In Canada, variable access to diagnostic testing and, until recently, the lack of national MASH guidelines, are also barriers to effective disease management. Ongoing cross-disciplinary education and wide systemic changes are required to ensure timely patient identification and the establishment of holistic patient care pathways that can begin to address MASH and associated CMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.","authors":"Armando Talavera, Larissa Teixeira, Benjamin Klein, Rodolfo A Lopes, Daniela Urina-Jassir, Denilsa D P Navalha, Branco G M Bettinotti, Nicole Fernandez, Miguel Urina-Triana, Francine K Welty, Christos G Mihos, Tarec K Elajami","doi":"10.1111/dom.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Obesity increases the risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) appear to improve cardiovascular outcomes in these patients; however, this benefit remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We performed a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing GLP-1 RAs in obese patients with HFpEF. Outcomes included all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, heart failure events, and quality of life. Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane were systematically searched. A random-effects model calculated risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three RCTs with a total of 1876 patients were included, of whom 50% (937) were randomised to GLP-1 RA and followed for a mean of 69.3 weeks. There was no difference between groups regarding cardiovascular mortality (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.22-2.88; p = 0.72), all-cause mortality (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.58-1.64; p = 0.93), or serious adverse events (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.40-1.09; p = 0.10). However, compared to placebo, GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced heart failure events (RR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.22-0.73; p = 0.003), improved quality of life (KCCQ-CSS mean difference [MD]: 7.23 points; 95% CI: 4.89-9.56), decreased body weight (MD: -9.76 kg; 95% CI: -13.50 to -6.01), and enhanced functional capacity (6MWD MD: 16.54 m; 95% CI: 10.18-22.91). Nonetheless, GLP-1 RAs increased the risk of drug discontinuation due to adverse events (RR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.16-4.79; p = 0.02), primarily gastrointestinal (RR: 4.01; 95% CI: 2.15-7.45; p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced heart failure events, improved KCCQ-CSS score, reduced body weight, and improved 6MWD compared to placebo.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of point-of-care ultrasound-derived subcutaneous fat thickness with DXA-measured body fat percentage in older adults.","authors":"Uyanga Ganbat, Altan-Ochir Byambaa, Boris Feldman, Shane Arishenkoff, Graydon S Meneilly, Jonathan Little, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Kenneth M Madden","doi":"10.1111/dom.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of Glucagon-like pepetide-1 receptor agonists with metformin in Asian versus non-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Wenxuan Li MSc,&nbsp;Linyan Huang MD,&nbsp;Ruixue Wang MSc,&nbsp;Peiyan Peng MSc,&nbsp;Aowen Song MSc,&nbsp;Yi Zeng MD,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang MD","doi":"10.1111/dom.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In type 2 diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in combination with metformin show better efficacy than metformin alone. Nevertheless, the reactions of different ethnic groups, especially Asian and non-Asian populations, are still controversial. To give clinical medication usage an evidence-based foundation, this meta-analysis examined GLP-1RAs' safety and efficacy when combined with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Up to January 2025, systematic searches for randomised controlled trials were carried out in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed and Wanfang comparing GLP-1RA/metformin combination versus metformin alone in type 2 diabetes, with subgroup analyses for Asian versus non-Asian cohorts. RevMan version 5.3 was used for analyses, and the Cochrane tools for risk of bias were used for quality assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis comprised 11 papers in total (6 Asian trials: 750 people; 5 non-Asian trials: 1096 people). After treatment of GLP-1RAs combined with metformin, the Asian group showed greater improvement in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (weighted mean differences [WMD], −1.09; 95% confidence intervals [CI], −1.48 to −0.71; subgroup heterogeneity: <i>I</i>² = 77.7%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and weight (WMD, −4.16; 95% CI −6.11 to −2.22; subgroup heterogeneity: <i>I</i>² = 89.5%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) with a lower gastrointestinal (GI) events risk (relative risks, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.22; subgroup heterogeneity: <i>I</i>² = 93.7%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001). There were no racial variations in fasting glucose levels (<i>p</i> = 0.78) or hypoglycaemia (<i>p</i> = 0.16).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis suggested potential ethnic variations in the treatment combining GLP-1RAs with metformin, with Asian populations achieving superior HbA1c reduction and weight loss alongside better GI tolerance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":"27 11","pages":"6727-6736"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular and renal outcome trials.","authors":"Hasan Fareed Siddiqui, Dua Ali, Maryam Sajid, Shaheer Qureshi, Hibah Siddiqui, Ali Hasan, David Ripley, Raheel Ahmed, Saad Ahmed Waqas","doi":"10.1111/dom.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex-based differences in the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular outcomes remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated sex-specific effects of GLP-1RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related comorbidities. Randomised controlled trials and secondary analyses comparing GLP-1RAs with placebo and reporting sex-stratified data were included. Outcomes assessed included composite kidney outcomes, 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke), individual components of MACE, and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Eleven trials comprising 85,273 patients (43, 339 receiving GLP-1RAs; 41, 934 placebo) were analysed. GLP-1RAs significantly reduced the risk of composite kidney outcomes by 20% in males (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69-0.92) and 31% in females (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54-0.87), with no significant sex interaction (p = 0.31). The risk of 3-point MACE was reduced by 14% in males (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79-0.93) and 18% in females (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75-0.90; p = 0.47). Stroke risk decreased by 21% in males and 25% in females. No significant sex-based differences were observed for cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or HHF. GLP-1RAs reduce the risk of major cardiovascular, kidney, and cerebrovascular outcomes in both sexes, with consistent benefits across men and women. While variations between sexes were observed in certain outcomes, these differences did not reach statistical significance for interaction. Future trials should improve female representation and explore sex-specific effects further.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on the risk of age-related ocular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A target trial emulation study.","authors":"Yueh-Tsung Lee, Jheng-Yan Wu, Tsung W Chang, Cheng-Hsien Hung","doi":"10.1111/dom.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Chronic ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are leading causes of vision loss in older adults. While sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are widely prescribed in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), their effects on ocular disease risk remain largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between SGLT2i use and the risk of AMD and other age-related ocular conditions in adults aged ≥60 with T2DM, using a target trial emulation framework based on the TriNetX global health research network (2013-2025). Patients initiating SGLT2i or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) were propensity-matched 1:1. Primary outcomes were incident non-exudative, exudative, and atrophic AMD, and secondary outcomes included cataract, ocular hypertension, and primary open-angle glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 12 156 matched patients, SGLT2i use was associated with significantly lower risks of non-exudative AMD (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.49-0.84) and exudative AMD (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33-0.96) compared with DPP4i use. A slight increase in the risk of cataract was observed (HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.02-1.15), while no significant differences were found for atrophic AMD, ocular hypertension, or glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that SGLT2i may offer retinal protective effects in older adults with T2DM, supporting further mechanistic and prospective clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}